Metal (Al, Fe, Mn and Cu) distributions and origins of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the surface sediments of the Marmara Sea and the coast of Istanbul, Turkey

In this study, total metal (Al, Fe, Mn and Cu) and PAHs analyses have been done in the surface sediments. Sediment samples have been collected from seven parts of the Marmara Sea and the coast of Istanbul during 2009. Total Al, Fe, Mn and Cu contents vary between 1.8% and 5.4%; 1.1% and 2.8%; 122 and 259 μg g⁻¹; 27 and 416 μg g⁻¹, respectively. EF and CF values of Fe and Mn are lower than 1.5 and 1, respectively, in all the stations. Total PAH contents range between 135 and 6009 ng g⁻¹ in the surface sediments. The origin of PAHs has been found pyrolitic according to the Phe/Ant ratio in the all stations. Contrastingly, at K0, MKC and MY1 Stations, PAH origins have been observed petrogenic according to the Flu/Pyr ratio.     

Evaluating conservation effectiveness of nature reserves established for surrogate species: Case of a giant panda nature reserve in Qinling Mountains, China

Many nature reserves are established to protect the habitat needs of particular endangered species of interest but their effec-tiveness for protecting other species is questionable.In this study,this effectiveness was evaluated in a nature reserve network located in the Qinling Mountains,Shaanxi Province,China.The network of reserves was established mainly for the conservation of the giant panda,a species considered as a surrogate for the conservation of many other endangered species in the region.The habitat suitability of nine protected species,including the giant panda,was modeled by using Maximum Entropy（MAXENT） and their spatial congruence was analyzed.Habitat suitability of these species was also overlapped with nature reserve boundaries and their management zones（i.e.,core,buffer and experimental zones）.Results show that in general the habitat of the giant panda constitutes a reasonable surrogate of the habitat of other protected species,and giant panda reserves protect a relatively high proportion of the habitat of other protected species.Therefore,giant panda habitat conservation also allows the conservation of the habitat of other protected species in the region.However,a large area of suitable habitat was excluded from the nature reserve network.In addition,four species exhibited a low proportion of highly suitable habitat inside the core zones of nature reserves.It suggests that a high proportion of suitable habitat of protected species not targeted for conservation is located in the experimental and buffer zones,thus,is being affected by human activities.To increase their conservation effectiveness,nature reserves and their management zones need to be re-examined in order to include suitable habitat of more endangered species.The procedures described in this study can be easily implemented for the conservation of many endangered species not only in China but in many other parts of the world.     

The impact of topography on social factors,a case study of Montenegro

Relationships between environmental and social factors have long been studied by geographers.Nowadays,GIS-aided statistical analysis provides new tools to explore these relationships.In order to detect the impact of topography on social factors,we selected the country of Montenegro as a case example due to its high topographic variability.We compared the spatial pattern of population,settlements and ethnic minorities to physical geographic factors,especially to topography,but lithology and land cover data were also taken into consideration.We found that certain factors are closely correlated,e.g.the settlement density linearly decreases with elevation,while the characteristic settlement area shows an exponential increase upwards.The population density is not related to absolute elevation,but it is in close correlation with height（i.e.elevation relative to the local minimum）.Population change and illiteracy are also topography-related social factors.On the contrary,the variable ethnic pattern of Montenegro is influenced by historical,political and economic effects rather than by environmental factors or topographic features.As a conclusion we state that in the scale of a country or a region,the environment can strongly impact some social factors.     

大美青海 风光贵德

2009年8月,贵德国家地质公园通过审批,青海国家地质公园又添新成员。贵德国家地质公园位于青海省海南藏族自治州贵德县境内,总面积500余平方公里。主要分为三个景区,即阿什贡七彩峰丛景区、黄河河谷景区、麻吾峡风蚀地貌景区。贵德国家地质公园地质遗迹资源丰富、风景瑰丽秀美,本文将以三个园区为主线,对贵德国家地质公园的基本情况及其景观资源进行介绍,并对主要地质遗迹成因进行了阐述。     

Comparative study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in plasma of Eastern Atlantic juvenile and adult nesting loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in plasma samples of 162 juvenile loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from Canary Islands, and 205 adult nesting loggerheads from Cape Verde. All the 367 samples showed detectable values of some type of PAH. Phenanthrene was the PAH most frequently detected and at the highest concentration in both populations. Median concentrations of ∑PAHs in the plasma of loggerheads from the Canary Islands and Cape Verde were similar (5.5 and 4.6ng/ml, respectively). Di- and tri-cyclic PAHs were predominant in both populations suggesting petrogenic origin rather than urban sources of PAHs. In the group of turtles from Canary Islands, there was evident an increasing level of contamination over the last few years. The present study represents the first data of contamination by PAHs in sea turtles from the studied areas.     

Experimental Study on the Electrical Conductivity of Orthopyroxene atHigh Temperature and High Pressure under Different Oxygen Fugacities

1 Introduction recognized and accepted by more and more experts engaged in experimental research at high temperature and In-situ laboratory measurement of the electricity of high pressure. This method has been regardedgeological materials at high temperature and high pressure internationally as the most advanced one for the in-situis an important approach to revealing the composition, laboratory measurement of the electric properties ofstructure and properties of materials in the deep interior…     

论想象在地质找矿中的作用

想像基本可分为“再创性想像”和“创造性想像”。再创性想像就是学习的过程。而创造性想像以再创性想像为基础,是新的意像的独立创造,能创造出有价值的产品。在地质找矿中,应建立适合于矿床学特点的正确想像。     

论想像在地质找矿中的作用

通过实例论述了再创性想像与创造性想像在地质找矿中的重要作用。其中，后者比前者复杂和困难得多，它是新意像的独立创造，其必须在实践中才能进行。在地质找矿过程中，矿床学想像具有相当的普遍性，同时也具有相当重要的特殊性。     

川北若尔盖高原盆地沙漠化、岩漠化遥感动态监测研究

若尔盖高原盆地是全国五大牧区之一,曾是青藏高原东北缘最好的草场。若尔盖高原盆地生态环境脆弱,生态平衡极易被打破。一旦失去平衡,生态环境将呈现由沼泽→草原→荒漠草原→荒漠逐级退化的发展趋势。20世纪80年代中期以来,若尔盖高原盆地逐渐沙漠化、岩漠化,部分地段甚至出现沙(岩)进人退、沙(岩)进路移的景象。遥感动态调查证实,该地区2000年沙漠化、岩漠化区面积已达43911.15hm2,比1986年扩大了6280.44hm2。沙漠化主要分布在山丘的北坡和垭口,岩漠化分布在山丘的南坡。沙漠化、岩漠化主要受北西向季风、地貌条件、松散沉积物、古沙丘等自然因素和过度放牧等人为因素控制。     

三门峡地区黄土与古季风

位于黄土高原东南缘的三门峡黄土地层,以陕县张汴乡村剖面为其典型代表。厚度１５３ｍ的曹村剖面由上部厚１４５ｍ的黄土地层和下伏红粘土沉积组成,黄土地层为Ｌ１－Ｌ３３的连续风尘沉积。磁性地层研究显示：Ｂ／Ｍ界线位于Ｌ７下部,Ｊ事件位于Ｓ１１／Ｓ１２,Ｏ事件位于Ｌ２３－Ｌ２６,Ｍ／Ｇ界线位于黄土与红粘土界线之上２０ｃｍ处。古季风代用指标的磁化率、碳酸盐及〉３０μｍ的粒度组分均显示了约２．６Ｍａ以来季风变迁