A review of definitions of the Himalayan Main Central Thrust

International Journal of Earth Sciences - Most workers regard the Main Central Thrust (MCT) as one of the key high strain zones in the Himalaya because it accommodated at least 90 km of...     

Photogrammetric Capabilities of the Kodak DC40, DCS420 and DCS460 Digital Cameras

The aim of this study is to assess the impact of sensor size and resolution of different digital camera sensors upon the accuracy and precision of three dimensional data derived by photogrammetry. Kodak DC40, DCS420 and DCS460 digital cameras were used to produce digital images of retroreflective targets in a 4 m three dimensional test field. The image locations of the targeted points were automatically measured using an off the shelf image processing software package. Two different sub-pixel measurement approaches were examined: centre of gravity and weighted mean. From the automated sub-pixel measurement of the targeted points, results indicate that the high resolution DCS460 camera produces optimum results using either the weighted mean or centre of gravity approaches. Although this was perhaps expected, the far lower resolution DC40 camera performed better than was originally anticipated, suggesting potential for the cheaper DC40 for many applications.     

Travel time curves for complex inhomogeneous slightly anisotropic media

Summary The linearization approach is used to compute the travel times in inhomogeneous slightly anisotropic media. The basic formulae are outlined and their accuracy demonstrated in comparison with the exact solution based on the zero-order ray theory and the Backus formula (1965). The linearization is extended also to complex media with curved interfaces. The computer program for calculating travel times in 2D, inhomogeneous, slightly anisotropic, complex media is briefly described. The numerical results obtained for a realistic situation and various types of waves are presented to enable the effects of anisotropy and the effects of inhomogeneity on the resulting travel times to be compared.

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Experiments on the effect of inflow and outflow sequences on suspended sediment exchange rates

In laboratory experiments, the influence of inflow and outflow sequences on the behavior of fine sedi-ment was investigated. The experimental set-up consisted of two interconnected rectangular basins, between which water was moved back and forth. Suspended sediment concentration in the main basin as well as the sediment exchange rates were derived from turbidity measurements.The suspended sediment ratio, SSR, and sediment exchange rates (influx sediment rate, ISR, and evacuated sediment rate, ESR) were measured. In twenty test runs, a parametric study on the magnitude and frequency of inflow and outflow cycles, the relative duration between inflow and outflow sequences, the initial sediment concentration, and the intake position was done. An initial test with stagnant water described the set-tling behavior of fine sediment and served as a reference scenario.The test results show that settling of fine particles near the intake/outlet structure can be considerably reduced by the nature of the inflow and outflow sequences. High cycle magnitude and frequency lead to maximum suspended sediment ratio in the system. For low discharges, the evolution of suspended sediment concentration cannot be directly correlated to the inflow and outflow cycles. However, compared to"no operation"conditions, the suspended sediment ratio could be increased by 10%to 40%locally. For high discharge, the evolution of suspended sediment concentration correlated with discharge cycles and suspended sediment ratios between 50%and 80%higher than for stagnant water could be achieved. Similar ratios could be obtained when the intake is located closer to the bottom or to the free water surface.Meanwhile, the overall sediment balance remained in equilibrium over the test period, indicating that the influx and evacuated sediment rates are not significantly influenced by the inflow and outflow cycles.     

Using an inerter‐based device for structural vibration suppression

This paper proposes the use of a novel type of passive vibration control system to reduce vibrations in civil engineering structures subject to base excitation. The new system is based on the inerter, a device that was initially developed for high‐performance suspensions in Formula 1 racing cars. The principal advantage of the inerter is that a high level of vibration isolation can be achieved with low amounts of added mass. This feature makes it an attractive potential alternative to traditional tuned mass dampers (TMDs). In this paper, the inerter system is modelled inside a multi‐storey building and is located on braces between adjacent storeys. Numerical results show that an excellent level of vibration reduction is achieved, potentially offering improvement over TMDs. The inerter‐based system is compared to a TMD system by using a range of base excitation inputs, including an earthquake signal, to demonstrate how the performance could potentially be improved by using an inerter instead of a TMD. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stratigraphische Untersuchungen an Sedimentkernen des ibero-marokkanischen Kontinentalrandes

Zusammenfassung Biostratigraphie und Ergebnisse der Grobkornanalyse an Sedimenten vom marokkanischen und portugiesischen Kontinentalhang werden an zwei Kernen erläutert. Folgende Parameter scheinen sich besonders zur Korrelation zu eignen: Anteil des terrigenen Materiales an der Sandfraktion, Pteropodengehalt, Korngrößenverteilung des terrigenen Detritus, relative Temperaturangaben nach planktonischen Foraminiferen, Windungssinn von dreiGloborotalia- Arten. Beide Kerne erreichen Sedimente der letzten Kaltzeit, was dadurch unterstrichen wird, daß eistransportiertes, terrigenes Material und Hinweise auf Temperaturminima nach planktonischen Foraminiferen zusammenfallen.

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Biostratigraphy and the results of the sand grain analysis on Moroccan and Portuguese continental slope sediments are discussed. The investigation is based on samples taken from two cores. The following parameters seem to be well suited for correlation: The percentage of the terrigenous material of the sand-fraction, the pteropod content, grainsize distribution of the terrigeneous material, temperature curves based on planktonic foraminifera and coiling ratios of threeGloborotalia species.In both cores sediments from the last glacial period are reached. This is demonstrated by a very good correlation between the ice-transported terrigenous material and the temperature minima as determined by planktonic foraminifera.

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Résumé Notre présente étude concerne la biostratigraphie et l'analyse sédimentologique de deux carottes prélevées sur la pente continentale maroco-portugaise. Des corrélations ont été déduites de l'évolution des paramètres suivants: Pourcentage du matériel terrigène et des ptéropodes de la fraction sableuse, répartition granulométrique du matériel terrigène, variation faunique des foraminifères planctoniques, sens de l'enroulement de trois espèces deGloborotalia.Ces deux sondages pénètrent dans les sédiments de la dernière période glaciaire. La présence de matériel terrigène transporté par les glaces et les indications de température fournies par les foraminifères planctoniques s'harmonisent et confirment l'affirmation précédente.

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