黄渤海海水中丙烯酸的生成与降解的初步研究

在黄渤海海域对β-二甲基巯基丙酸内盐（DMSP）降解产生丙烯酸和丙烯酸的降解过程做了初步研究。结果表明,海水中有明显的DMSP降解和丙烯酸的生成现象。在DMSP降解初期,DMSP不断降解,丙烯酸则在经过1 h后浓度开始上升,达到最大值后再次下降。起始DMSP浓度越高,降解得越完全,且丙烯酸最大值越大。在观测的5 h内,丙烯酸的表观降解速率总是大于DMSP的表观降解速率,且两者都与初始浓度成正相关。在丙烯酸的降解过程中,黑暗条件下起始浓度越大,丙烯酸变化速率越大,而光照条件下则恰好相反。光化学反应中前2 h表现为丙烯酸的光化学生成,而后2 h表现为光化学降解。     

华北北部6级地震前后的地电阻率变化

研究了河北张北等３次６级地震前后地电异常的变化及特征。结果表明,６级地震的地电前兆能显示出０．５ａ左右的趋势异常变化,但台项少,强度弱,分布零散,远不及７级强震前的异常显著。发现个别地震前地电正常年变化形态发生了明显变化,完全破坏了原年变规律,出现了可辨认的异常变化。认为用地电方法在目前实现中强地震的准确预报是比较困难的     

Variation in reach‐scale thalweg‐migration intensity in a braided reach of the lower Yellow River in 1986–2015

Thalweg migration of an alluvial river plays a key role in channel evolution, which may influence the effect of existing river training works and biodiversity on floodplains, and cause losses in riparian land and property. The braided reach of the Lower Yellow River underwent continuous channel aggradation during the period from 1986 to 1999, and then remarkable channel degradation in 1999–2015 owing to the state of operation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir in 1999. Here we quantify associated thalweg migration changes and identify the key influencing factor in the braided reach. Thalweg‐migration distances and intensities at section‐ and reach‐scales were calculated during the past 30 years from 1986 to 2015, in order to investigate the characteristics of thalweg migration in the reach. There was a 47% reduction in the reach‐scale thalweg‐migration distance and a 35% reduction in the corresponding migration intensity after the reservoir operation. It is also revealed that fluvial erosion intensity is a dominant factor in controlling the thalweg migration, based on the investigation into various influencing factors in the study reach. The thalweg‐migration intensity of the braided reach can be expressed as a power function of the previous four‐year average fluvial erosion intensity. The calculated thalweg‐migration intensities in 1986–2015 using the proposed relation generally agree with the observed data. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental study on the shear behavior of the interface between cushion materials and the concrete raft

Cushion is a layer of granular materials between the raft and the ground. The shear behavior of the interface between the cushion and the raft may influence the seismic performance of the superstructure. In order to quantify such influences, horizontal shear tests on the interfaces between different cushion materials and concrete raft under monotonic and cyclic loading were carried out. The vertical pressure P_v, material type and cushion thickness h_c were taken as variables. Conclusions include: 1) under monotonic loading, P_v is the most significant factor; the shear resistance P_(hmax) increases as P_v increases, but the normalized factor of resistance μ_n has an opposite tendency; 2) for the materials used in this study, μ_n varies from 0.40 to 0.70, the interface friction angle δ_s varies from 20° to 35°, while u_(max) varies from 3 mm to 15 mm; 3) under cyclic loading, the interface behavior can be abstracted as a "three-segment" back-bone curve, the main parameters include μ_n, the displacement u_1 and stiffness K_1 of the elastic stage, the displacement u_2 and stiffness K_2 of the plastic stage; 4) by observation and statistical analysis, the significance of different factors, together with values of K_1, K_2 and μ_n have been obtained.     

海洋资源开发与海洋工程地质——第二届国际海洋工程地质学术研讨会(ISMEG 2019)总结

2019年10月18~20日,第二届国际海洋工程地质学术研讨会(ISMEG 2019)在中国大连成功召开。本次研讨会是在国际工程地质与环境协会(IAEG)架构下由海洋工程地质委员会(C34)主办,海岸与近海工程国家重点实验室(大连理工大学)承办的全球性海洋工程地质学术研讨会。研讨会以"海洋资源开发与海洋工程地质"为主题,针对海洋土工程性质、海洋地质灾害与工程防护、海洋工程地质原位勘测、监测与试验模拟、海洋资源开发水动力环境与作用、海床沉积物和天然气水合物开采、海洋工程结构基础、海流-结构-海床相互作用等7个专题设置了10个特邀报告、21个主题报告及71个学术报告。作为国内外海洋工程地质研究者交流、分享、合作、创新的平台,国际海洋工程地质学术研讨会二度在我国召开,是对我国海洋工程地质学科快速发展的肯定,同时也对我国海洋工程地质研究取得高水平成果和成果转化提出了更高要求。     

资源环境承载协调理论与评价方法

资源环境承载能力评价是进行国土空间规划和用途管控的基础性工作,越来越受到国家重视。在资源环境承载能力研究实践中,以自然资源环境系统及其与社会经济系统的关系为主要研究对象,创新性提出了"资源环境承载协调理论",并基于此理论初步建立了不同空间尺度的地质资源环境承载能力评价技术方法,构建了地质环境、地下水资源、矿产资源等不同资源环境要素的承载能力评价指标体系,包括承载本底评价指标和承载状态评价指标。规范了不同尺度的资源与环境承载能力评价流程,为有序推动全国、区域及市县尺度的自然单元和行政单元的地质资源环境承载能力评价工作提供了强有力的。     

塘沽地电阻率观测轻轨干扰降噪处理

随着地铁轻轨的迅速发展,我国大多数地电阻率测项受到不同程度干扰,诸多学者为此提出采用小波方法进行滤波的建议。文中拟采用小波和HHT滤波方法,以受津滨轻轨干扰严重的塘沽地电阻率观测资料为例,进行降噪处理,对比2种方法的滤波效果,以获得更好的滤波方法。     

物联网在海洋相关领域研究与应用进展

随着科学技术的发展,物联网正成为海洋领域的前沿研究内容之一。在海洋观测领域,利用物联网构建海洋环境立体观测体系,对于研究全球气候变化、海上态势感知、海洋灾害预报等具有重大意义;在海岛生态监测领域,利用海岛生态物联网系统可以实现海岛生态的长期实时监测;在海洋牧场监测领域,利用物联网可以实现海洋牧场的环境、生物等要素的实时监测;在智能船舶领域,利用物联网可以实现船舶自身、港口、物流的信息自动感知。文章探讨了物联网在上述4个领域的研究与应用进展,以期进一步促进物联网在我国海洋信息化中的应用与发展。     

Influencing mechanism of energy-related carbon emissions in Xinjiang based on the input-output and structural decomposition analysis

Analysis of carbon emission mechanism based on regional perspectives is an important research method capable of achieving energy savings and emission reductions. Xinjiang, an important Chinese energy production base, is currently going through a period of strategic opportunities for rapid development. Ensuring stable socio-economic development while achieving energy savings and meeting emission reductions targets, is the key issue currently facing the region. This paper is based on the input-output theory, and conducts a structural decomposition analysis on the factors affecting energy-related carbon emissions in Xinjiang from 1997 to 2007; this analysis employs a hybrid input-output analysis framework of “energy - economy - carbon emissions”. (1) Xinjiang’s carbon emissions from energy consumption increased from 20.70 million tons in 1997 to 40.34 million tons in 2007; carbon emissions growth was mainly concentrated in the production and processing of energy resources, the mining of mineral resources, and the processing industry. (2) The analysis of the direct effects of the influencing factors on carbon emissions showed that the change in per capita GDP, the final demand structure, the population scale, and the production structure were the important factors causing an increase in carbon emissions, while the decrease in carbon emission intensity during this period was the important influencing factor in stopping the growth of carbon emissions. This showed that while the sizes of Xinjiang’s economy and population were growing, the economic structure had not been effectively optimized and the production technology had not been efficiently improved, resulting in a rapid growth of carbon emissions from energy consumption. (3) The analysis of the indirect effects of the influencing factors of carbon emission showed that the inter-provincial export, fixed capital formation, and the consumption by urban residents had significant influence on the changes in carbon emissions from energy consumption in Xinjiang. (4) The growth of investments in fixed assets of carbon intensive industry sectors, in addition to the growth of inter-provincial exports of energy resource products, makes the transfer effect of inter-provincial “embodied carbon” very significant.