巯基棉富集-分光光度法测定铂

样品溶解后,加入还原剂氯化亚锡及助吸附剂水合肼,用巯基棉吸附微量铂。吸附物灰化后,灰分用王水溶解,溶液用双十二烷基二硫代乙酰胺(DDO)分光光度法测定铂。方法检出限为0.2μg/g(10.0g样品),铂量在0~20μg/g线性关系较好。方法经国家一级标准物质验证,铂的测定结果与标准值相符,12次测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于10%。     

Exploring the magnetized cosmic web through low-frequency radio emission

Recent improvements in the capabilities of low-frequency radio telescopes provide a unique opportunity to study thermal and non-thermal properties of the cosmic web. We argue that the diffuse, polarized emission from giant radio relics traces structure formation shock waves and illuminates the large-scale magnetic field. To show this, we model the population of shock-accelerated relativistic electrons in high-resolution cosmological simulations of galaxy clusters and calculate the resulting radio synchrotron emission. We find that individual shock waves correspond to localized peaks in the radio surface brightness map which enables us to measure Mach numbers for these shocks. We show that the luminosities and number counts of the relics strongly depend on the magnetic field properties, the cluster mass and dynamical state. By suitably combining different cluster data, including Faraday rotation measures, we are able to constrain some macroscopic parameters of the plasma at the structure formation shocks, such as models of turbulence. We also predict upper limits for the properties of the warm-hot intergalactic medium, such as its temperature and density. We predict that the current generation of radio telescopes [Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR), Giant Meter Radio Telescope (GMRT), the Murchison Wide-field Array (MWA) and Long Wavelength Array (LWA)] have the potential to discover a substantially larger sample of radio relics, with multiple relics expected for each violently merging cluster. Future experiments [(Square Kilometre Array (SKA)] should enable us to further probe the macroscopic parameters of plasma physics in clusters.     

Camouflaged Galactic cosmic microwave background polarization foregrounds: total and polarized contributions of the kinetic Sunyaev–Zeldovich effect

We consider the role of the Galactic kinetic Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) effect as a cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization foreground. While the Galactic thermal SZ effect has previously been studied and discarded as a potential CMB foreground, we find that the kinetic SZ effect is dominant in the Galactic case. We analyse the detectability of the kinetic SZ effect by means of an optimally matched filter technique applied to a simulation of an ideal observation. We obtain no detection, getting a signal-to-noise ratio of 0.1, thereby demonstrating that the kinetic SZ effect can also safely be ignored as a CMB foreground. However, we provide maps of the expected signal for inclusion in future high-precision data processing. Furthermore, we rule out the significant contamination of the polarized CMB signal by second scattering of Galactic kinetic SZ photons, since we show that the scattering of the CMB quadrupole photons by Galactic electrons is a stronger effect than the SZ second scattering, and has already been shown to produce no significant polarized contamination.     

郯庐断裂带莒县胡家孟晏地震破裂带的发现

郯庐断裂带是中国东部最主要的一条活动断裂带。在该断裂带中部,沂沭断裂东地堑的潍坊—嘉山段中发育了1条长360km的全新世活动断裂带(F5),在该全新世断裂带的北段和中段分别发生了公元70年的安丘地震和公元1668年的郯城地震。2003年底我们考察沭河断裂带时,在莒县境内发现了1条长约7km的地震破裂带,作为活动断层应该归属于F5断裂带,但其是一条独立的地震破裂段还是归属于1668年郯城8.5级地震破裂带有待于进一步的研究。尽管如此,探槽揭示出的上覆未经破坏的地层的14C年代表明,该破裂带在(2140±190)aBP以来没有过活动,因此我们认为其作为1条独立破裂段的可能性较大     

高盐度地下水~(14)C测年样品采集技术探讨

高盐度地下水 (卤水 ) 14 C样品采集是同位素水文地质界的一个难题。罗布泊钾矿区卤水的化学组成特征是 :平均矿化度为 35 3.5 g/L ,SO2 -4的质量浓度 4 4 .0 3g/L ,HCO-3 的质量浓度为0 .2 71g/L。为此 ,文中借鉴一般地下水 (淡水或微咸水 ) 14 C样品的采集原理 ,设计出一套真空取样装置。其操作步骤是 ,首先通过调节卤水的 pH值 ,使得水中的无机碳以CO2 气体的形式溢出 ,然后 ,导入装有NaOH与BaCl2 混合溶液的样品瓶中 ,在野外获得高盐度卤水14 C测年样品。罗布泊卤水测试结果表明 ,这一流程有效地解决了硫酸盐干扰问题 ,卤水14 C样品质量可靠。该技术可为高盐度地下水测年提供有效手段 ,对低盐度地下水14 C取样也具有重要的推广使用价值。     

金矿床研究的回顾与展望

金在成岩阶段表现为亲铁性,在热液成矿阶段表现为亲硫性,在表生条件下金具有被碳、泥质吸附的地球化学属性,因而在地壳演化的不同阶段也显示出不同的成矿特点.金矿化集中区的提出为金的区域成矿研究提供了新的思维,微细浸染型(卡林型)金矿床和浅成低温热液成矿作用的确认促使金矿床勘查得到了空前发展.重要金矿化集中区成矿环境的厘定、金矿床成矿流体演化和金元素的巨量聚集与超大型矿床的形成是当今金矿床研究的前沿.     

吐哈盆地西南缘新构造控矿规律及十红滩铀矿床外围成矿有利区预测

本根据吐哈盆地西南缘新构造运动的表现特征,结合已知铀矿床、矿点的空间分布,认为该区新构造控矿规律主要体现在3个方面：(1)由新构造复活基底断裂形成的“断裂挠曲”控矿;(2)新构造褶皱形成的“坡中坡”转折区域控矿;(3)新断裂构造形成的地下水局部排泄源也参与了对铀矿化的控制作用。依据这些规律,笔预测十红滩北带之北带仍有成矿远景,并认为白咀山西侧及迪哈尔511线附近区域具有一定的成矿潜力。     

潢川县退耕还林效益分析

2002年潢川开始退耕还林工作,造林面积0.9万公顷,在增加降水量、减轻冰雹和霜冻危害、涵养水源、保持水土、防风固沙、防止空气污染、保护和美化环境的同时,经济效益和社会效益也十分明显。     

河南省2005-06-21强对流天气分析

利用天气图和FY-2C的卫星云图及其反演产品,分析了2005年6月21日凌晨到上午河南省中部的雷雨大风和冰雹天气过程,结果表明:高空冷平流、地面辐合线和前期贮存的较高不稳定能量,为此次强对流天气过程提供了极为有利的不稳定能量和动力条件;在灾害性天气发生的前期,FY-2C卫星云图及其反演产品有很好的指示性,云顶亮温梯度大的区域是灾害性天气的易发区,对流性降水易发生在高层急流南侧的低层高湿区。     

我国新一轮国土规划编制的基本构想

作者回顾了 2 0世纪 80年代以来中国国土规划发展的简要过程 ,针对当前面临的国内外形势提出了编制新一轮国土规划必须实现以下四个转变 :由计划型转向市场型和引导型 ;从资源开发利用转向开发、利用与保护相结合 ;由主要追求经济发展转向经济社会同人口、资源、环境多目标持续协调发展 ;规划重点从产业规划转向协调地区经济社会建设的空间布局规划。在此基础上 ,进而提出完善和提高新一轮国土规划的途径为 :重视编制跨省区和省内跨地市国土规划 ,基层国土规划应以土地利用规划为重点 ,加强与国土规划配套的空间政策研究 ,规划手段与方法朝着信息化和决策科学化方向发展 ,尽快制定国土规划法 ,在编制规划过程中广泛吸收公众参与