呼伦贝尔春玉米生育期气候环境分析

利用呼伦贝尔市农区2012年生育期降水、温度、土壤水分以及玉米生长发育等资料,分析了气候环境对春玉米生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明:2012年春季雨水适宜,利于玉米春播生产;夏季水热同步,有利于玉米生殖生长和营养生长,提高了春玉米的产量。     

碱性体系在线氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定铜矿石中痕量砷锑铋

建立了一个碱性体系在线氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定铜矿石中痕量砷、锑、铋的分析方法。设计了在线氢化物发生流路及操作程序。选择了碱性体系氢化物发生的各项最佳条件,避免了Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ等大量基体元素的干扰。方法检出限为Ａｓ０．６μｇ／Ｌ,Ｓｂ０．４μｇ／Ｌ,Ｂｉ０．９μｇ／Ｌ,Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ｂｉ的工作曲线均在０～４００μｇ／Ｌ内呈良好的线性,经铜矿石国家一级标准物质分析验证,砷锑铋的测定结果与标准值吻合,相对标准偏差（ＲＳＤ,ｎ＝５）在４．２％～８．８％。     

潮致泥沙全沙净输运解析模式

泥沙运动作为水流和底床相互作用的纽带,是河流、河口及海岸工程研究的重要内容。在潮波作用明显的河口、海岸地区,周期性的动力作用下的泥沙运动具有往复和可逆的特征,因此研究这类水域的泥沙的净输运更具有实际的意义。基于泥沙输运和流速呈指数关系假设,建立潮流环境下的泥沙全沙净输运的解析解公式,并对该公式的计算结果和数值计算以及数学模型的结果进行了检验和验证,结果表明本研究提出的公式能较好地反应潮流环境下的泥沙净输运。由此,基于本公式采用潮流分潮调和常数可计算得到全沙净输运,并可以分析各分潮流及其相互作用与泥沙净输运的关系。研究结果显示,在受径流影响较大的半日潮河口,S2、MS4、M2三潮相互作用对全沙净输运的贡献显著高于通常的潮流不对称作用,即M2、M4的相互作用。此外,河口区域径流导致的余流对泥沙净输运的贡献不可忽略,特别是在洪季,大径流量条件下往往导致余流较大,其对泥沙净输运的贡献所占比例较大。     

Extraction and spatiotemporal evolution analysis of tidal flats in the Bohai Rim during 1984-2019 based on remote sensing

Tidal flats, a precious resource that provides ecological services and land space for coastal zones, are facing threats from human activities and climate change. In this study, a robust decision tree for tidal flat extraction was developed to analyse spatiotemporal variations in the Bohai Rim region during 1984-2019 based on 9539 Landsat TM/OLI surface reflection images and the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform. The area of tidal flats significantly fluctuated downwards from 3551.22 to 1712.36 km² in the Bohai Rim region during 1984-2019, and 51.31% of tidal flats were distributed near the Yellow River Delta and Liaohe River Delta during 2017-2019. There occurred a drastic spatial transition of tidal flats with coastline migration towards the ocean. Low-stability tidal flats were mainly distributed in reclamation regions, deltas, and bays near the estuary during 1984-2019. The main factors of tidal flat evolution in the Bohai Rim region included the direct impact of land cover changes in reclamation regions, the continuous impact of a weakening sediment supply, and the potential impact of a deteriorating sediment storage capability. The extraction process and maps herein could provide a reference for the sustainable development and conservation of coastal resources.     

京津冀地区一次强沙尘天气过程的成因及特征

利用常规污染物监测资料、卫星资料和再分析资料等,对京津冀地区在2017年春季遭遇的一次强沙尘天气过程进行分析。结果表明,此次过程是由地面冷锋过境,高空槽后冷空气持续补充引起,沙源地主要位于巴丹吉林、腾格里沙漠,随后以西北路径输送至京津冀地区。前期沙源地感热通量迅速增大,与中低层冷平流叠加,导致不稳定层结增强,助于起沙;高空强风速带加强并向下延伸,中低层次级环流发展,不但使沙尘传输并下降至地面,而且使高层高动量和高位涡冷空气下传,促进低空急流形成、低层系统发展,使大风及沙尘天气维持;沙尘过境时,地面至4 km高度存在沙尘型气溶胶,PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)浓度变化趋势较一致并达到重度污染水平,且气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol Optical Depth,AOD)与空气质量指数(Air Quality Index,AQI)具有较好的时空匹配关系,重污染时段AOD值大于1,污染减弱时AOD值降至0.6以下。     

东营凹陷深部“红层”地层划分方法探讨

运用岩石地层学“最优分割”数值计算方法 ,对由于缺少古生物化石资料而长期难以进行地层划分的山东东营凹陷下第三系沙河街组四段至中生界“红层” ,进行了岩石化学性质差异的最优分割划分。结合有限的古生物化石资料和标准地层剖面的岩石学特征 ,将分割的层序进行了地层归属标定 ,成功地将“红层”各个层属及亚层属划分出来 ,其科学性、合理性已为之后的勘探成果所证实 ,同时在东营地区最深探井———郝科 1井的地层划分中得到了运用。该方法为缺少古生物化石数据的“哑地层”划分提供了一种新思路。     

适用于关阀分析算法的供水管网单元-阀门图模型

关阀分析在供水管网施工中用来快速确定最佳的关阀停水方案,对于供水安全具有重要意义。在管网传统结点-A立图模型的基础上,提出了优化实体数量并简洁表达拓扑结构的单元一阀门图模型。该模型是结点A立图的一种伪对偶图,它将管网内被阀门区隔形成的封闭连通区域归为顶点,将分隔两个区域的阀门作为边。设计了关断单元生成算法,从而实现单元一阀门图的构建,并提出基于该模型的高效供水管网关阀分析算法。实验表明,与基于结点-A立图的传统算法相比较,结合单元一阀门图模型的新算法能够大幅度提高关阀分析效率,并且可以在多施工点情况下得出正确的关阀方案。     

泉州湾海域表层沉积物矿物碎屑分布特征及其环境意义

对泉州湾13个表层沉积物样品进行了矿物碎屑定量分析．通过矿物分析，发现泉州湾不同站位的轻、重矿物组分、含量和表征存在差异．根据矿物的分布和组合特征．将耒州湾划分为4个组合区，不同组合区所处沉积环境是不同的．分析表明，研完区表层沉积物的碎屑矿物具有明显的亲陆性，物质来源主要为河流输砂和沿湾海岸侵蚀来砂，且其分布受物源、水动力条件和矿物物理性质等因素所控制。     

近50年我国持续性暴雨的统计分析及其大尺度环流背景

基于湖南汛期区域持续性暴雨典型环流分型,利用1961-2016年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和异常度方法对湖南6月区域持续性暴雨环流型进行客观识别,并结合动力和水汽输送条件,确定湖南6月区域持续性暴雨强信号并客观量化表征,建立湖南6月区域持续性暴雨预报定量化概念模型。结果表明：43次历史区域持续性暴雨过程的回报准确率达到81%,2017-2018年3次区域持续暴雨过程试报准确率为2/3,说明该概念模型有一定预报能力,能为湖南暴雨预报业务服务提供技术支持。将该概念模型与各类模式预报产品相结合,还可开展区域持续性暴雨的中期和延伸期预报。

     

Rock Magnetism Study on Loess-Paleosol Sequence at Huixinggou Section of Sanmenxia Basin

Rock magnetism is the foundation of paleomagnetism and environmental magnetism study, and is effective in identifying the components, grain size and content of magnetic minerals in rocks and sediments. A systematic rock magnetism investigation has been conducted on the Huixinggou loess-paleosol sequence at Shuigou-Huixinggou Paleolithic site of Sanmenxia Basin in the southeastern Loess Plateau. Results show that the magnetic assemblage of the section is dominated by magnetite and maghemite, as well as hematite, exhibiting the average grain size of magnetic minerals is attributed to Pseudo-Single Domain (PSD). The variation curves of magnetic parameters are consistent and well comparable to marine oxygen isotope curves, with low values corresponding to the loess deposition during glacial periods, and high values corresponding to the paleosol development during interglacial periods, jointly demonstrating the glacial-interglacial cyclicities of magnetic mineral types, composition, and grain size of Chinese loess-paleosol sequences under the influence of alternating strengthening and weakening of Eastern Asian paleomonsoon over the Quaternary period. Comprehensive analysis reveals that the relative content of high-coercivity antiferromagnetic minerals is higher in loess than in paleosol, whilst the absolute content of high-coercivity antiferromagnetic minerals in paleosol is generally higher than that in loess accompanying increasing intensity of pedogenesis. The mass-specific magnetic susceptibility (χ) shows distinctly positive correlations with anhysteretic susceptibility (χ_ARM), Saturation Isothermal Remanent Magnetization (SIRM) and magnetic grain size dependent parameters (χ_ARM/SIRM and χ_ARM/χ), indicating that the pedogenic producing Single Domain (SD) and small PSD ferrimagnetic particles contribute significantly to the magnetic susceptibility enhancement.