豫西地区熊耳群的地质年代学研究

在地质构造背景基础上分析单颗粒锆石U Pb稀释法年龄数据 ,以标志王屋山期热构造事件有关的穿切熊耳群焦园组、坡前街组岩浆侵入活动年龄 16 4 4Ma～ 175 0Ma和热扰动年龄 16 5 0Ma±为依据 ,确定熊耳群上限年龄为 16 5 0Ma～ 170 0Ma。熊耳群火山岩系第二喷发旋回眼窑寨组 (“龙脖组”)流纹斑岩成岩年龄为 196 0Ma±。第一喷发旋回上部焦园组流纹斑岩成岩年龄为 2 10 0Ma± ;下部张合庙组大斑安山岩成岩年龄为 2 2 0 0Ma～2 30 0Ma。熊耳群的下限年龄小于 2 4 0 0Ma。这与豫西地区地层情况大体吻合。     

红辉沸石的热稳定性研究

红辉沸石是辉沸石族中的一个矿物种 ,属斜方晶系。其化学组成主要为 Si O2 和 Al2 O3,其次为 Ca O。 X射线衍射分析和红外光谱分析研究不同温度下热处理的红辉沸石相变和晶体结构变化特征。研究表明 ,红辉沸石的热稳定性较差 ,其热稳定温度低于 30 0℃ ,结构完全破坏温度为 5 0 0℃。     

Velocity Measurements and Crack Density Determination During Wet Triaxial Experiments on Oshima and Toki Granites

— A set of experiments on four samples of Oshima Granite at 15, 40 and 60 MPa confining pressure have been performed in order to investigate the damage behavior of granite submitted to deviatoric stress. In addition an experiment on one sample of Toki Granite at 40 MPa confining pressure was performed, in order to compare and elucidate the structural effects. Using acoustic emission data, strain measurements and elastic wave velocities allow to define consistently a damage domain in the stress space. In this domain, microcracking develops. The microcracking process is, in a first stage, homogeneous and, close to failure, localized. Elastic wave velocities decrease in the damage domain and elastic anisotropy develops. Using Kachanov's model (1993), elastic wave velocities have been inverted to derive the full second-order crack density tensor and characterize the fluid saturation state from the fourth-order crack density tensor. Crack density is strongly anisotropic and the total crack density close to failure slightly above one. The results indicate that the rock is saturated in agreement with the experimental conditions. The model is thus shown to be very appropriate to infer from elastic wave velocities a complete quantitative characterization of the damaged rock.     

台湾地面沉降及其监测控制

台湾地面沉降始于20世纪50年代，主要集中于西部沿海平原，沉降面积达1165km^2，约占平原区的1／10，目前以彰化、屏东等地较为严重，最大累积沉降量达3．2m，最大沉降速率为17．6cm/a。台湾地面沉降主要因开采地下水引起。目前采用GPS、一孔多标感应分层监测等技术实施地面沉降监测，通过用水规划制定与监督导实施地面沉降的控制与管理。     

改进的重力模拟退火反演研究

通过对模拟退火方法中常用的VFSA算法的分析，针对其在模型扰动及退火计划上存在的缺陷，针对性地作了更合理的改进VFSA算法，提高了VFSA算法的计算速度与稳健性，并结合重力反演过程中对模型的修正，克服了常规重力反演方法所存在的等值效应。研究中还把重力正演计算的单元体改为垂直侧边梯形单元，并合单同一层位的垂直侧边梯形单元成为一大单元再作计算，加快了正反演计算速度并提高了正反演精度。通过模型试验及实际资料的处理，验证了作者所提出的改进的模拟退火重力反演方法的有效性。     

一种新的地理线要素分形插值方法

地图制图自动化已成为地理研究的重要内容，包括自动综合和自动扩充。地图中线要素的自动扩充是要通过插值来实现。传统的曲线插值方法没能反映地理线要素的分形结构、比例尺相关性、空间各向同性等特点。针对地理线要素的特点，基于分形几何理论，将Douglas-Peuker算法和随机中点移位法结合起来，提出了一种新的分形插值方法。并通过方法比较和实例分析验证了方法的可行性和有效性。     

Ultrasonic velocities of North Sea chalk samples: influence of porosity, fluid content and texture

We have studied 56 unfractured chalk samples of the Upper Cretaceous Tor Formation of the Dan, South Arne and Gorm Fields, Danish North Sea. The samples have porosities of between 14% and 45% and calcite content of over 95%. The ultrasonic compressional‐ and shear‐wave velocities (V_P and V_S) for dry and water‐saturated samples were measured at up to 75 bar confining hydrostatic pressure corresponding to effective stress in the reservoir. The porosity is the main control of the ultrasonic velocities and therefore of the elastic moduli. The elastic moduli are slightly higher for samples from the South Arne Field than from the Dan Field for identical porosities. This difference may be due to textural differences between the chalk at the two locations because we observe that large grains (i.e. filled microfossils and fossil fragments) that occur more frequently in samples from the Dan Field have a porosity‐reducing effect and that samples rich in large grains have a relatively low porosity for a given P‐wave modulus. The clay content in the samples is low and is mainly represented by either kaolinite or smectite; samples with smectite have a lower P‐wave modulus than samples with kaolinite at equal porosity. We find that ultrasonic V_P and V_S of dry chalk samples can be satisfactorily estimated with Gassmann's relationships from data for water‐saturated samples. A pronounced difference between the V_P/V_S ratios for dry and water‐saturated chalk samples indicates promising results for seismic amplitude‐versus‐offset analyses.     

厦门西港和九龙江口颗粒有机碳的研究

研究了九龙江河口及相邻海区颗粒有机碳 ( POC)的分布变化特征及 POC与浮游植物生物量的关系。结果表明 ,九龙江河口区和厦门西港 POC的平均含量分别为 762和 793μg C/L。春季 ,河口区的 POC含量高于西港 ,而秋季则相反。春季 ,河口区和西港的 POC含量与ATP(三磷酸腺苷 )含量都呈正相关关系 ,其中 ,浮游植物有机碳 ( POCB)分别占 POC的 4 4 %和 2 2 %。     

深海浅地层剖面特征及其与多金属结核富集度的关系

对东太平洋 Ｃ Ｃ 区内 １ 万多公里的浅地层剖面探测资料进行了统计分析, 并对深海浅地层剖面特征及其与多金属结核丰度的关系作了研究, 结果表明： 多金属结核的富集度与海底声反射率呈正比关系, 影响和控制结核丰度的主要因素是海底地形。一般透明层愈厚, 结核愈富集, 但不是对应关系; 层状层或散射层发育, 则多金属结核富集, 反之则不富集     

上海市地面沉降监测标的设计原理与施工技术

介绍上海市地面沉降监测标的设计原理、演变优化过程和施工技术特点、应用探矿工程技术将不同埋深地层的标高引至地面进行联测而设计施工的特殊钻孔结构。历经数十年的探索与实践,建立起３２座由一个基岩标和若干个分层标组成的监测站,形成上海市地面沉降监测系统,准确及及时地反映上海市软土地层的沉降状况。