Lower Triassic Inorganic Carbon Isotope Excursion in Chaohu, Anhui Province, China

This paper reports a Lower Triassic carbon isotope profile from the North Pingdingshan Section in Chaohu, Anhui Province, China, which was stituated in a deep part of the Lower Yangtze carbonate rapm. The δ(^13C) excursion shows two periods from the Permian-Triassic boundary to the lower Spathian substage, corresponding to the ecosystem undergoing evolution and recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction and related events.The first period starts at the δ(^13C) depletion caused by the mass extinction and evolves with a gradual δ(^13C) increase resulting from the development of some disaster taxa during the Induan. The strong Smithian δ(^13C) depletion in the second period might be formed by the collapse of the disaster ecosystem and the biotic recovery occurred with the explosive increase of bioproductivity in the Spathian. Thus the δ(^13C) excursion in the Lower Triassic expresses patterns of biotic evolution and recovery during the eratic ecosystem that followed the great end-Permian mass extinction.     

科尔沁沙地沙漠化风险评价

基于气象、土地利用类型与植被覆盖指数等数据,采用层次分析法与加权综合评分法评价了科尔沁沙地沙漠化风险。结果表明：1995、2000、2010年科尔沁沙地沙漠化风险指数平均值分别为0.420、0.428、0.437,16年来科尔沁沙地沙漠化处于高度风险水平。科尔沁沙地沙漠化风险等级在空间分布上表现为北部与西部沙漠化风险等级低,南部与东部为沙漠化高风险区。1995-2010年科尔沁沙地各旗县沙漠化风险等级存在差异,开鲁县的沙漠化风险由高度风险转变为极高度风险等级,扎鲁特旗的沙漠化风险由中度风险转变为低度风险等级,敖汉旗、巴林右旗、科尔沁区与科尔沁左翼中旗的沙漠化风险等级波动变化,其余旗县的沙漠化风险等级未变化。1995-2010年科尔沁沙地沙漠化中度,高度风险等级的面积分别减少了16 544.76、4 223.25 km²,低度,极高度风险等级的面积分别增加了16 544.76、4 223.25 km²。区域沙漠化风险的主要影响因素为年降水量、年均风速、植被覆盖指数、沙漠化土地面积与载畜量,植被覆盖指数增加有助于区域沙漠化风险的降低。     

基于GDI+的复杂线状符号优化算法

本文针对用GDI+开发地图图式符号库时,绘制复杂线状符号存在的转角问题,即在线段/线段连接处标注符号不均匀的问题,提出了一种基于单位距离的线状符号绘制方法.设计了参数化的数据结构,提出基于单位距离的符号定位点的快速确定算法,较好地解决了利用GDI+开发地图线状符号时遇到的转角问题.该优化方法不但提高了复杂线状符号的显示...     

南极磷虾渔业科学观察覆盖率管理策略和中国履约

回顾了南极海洋生物资源养护委员会(CCAMLR)管理体系中科学观察覆盖的主要要素,以及在过去的6年中中国南极磷虾渔业执行科学观察计划的主要成果,旨在帮助中国磷虾渔船更好地理解和执行相关的政策、规定。国际科学观察制度是CCAMLR管理体系中最为重要的监管组成部分。它是由观察员指派、职责和方法标准、执行效果评估等组成的相对独立管理机制。科学观察员覆盖率是其实施策略的核心评价指标,它在渔船、网次以及具体观察任务3个层次都有不同的管理规定。南极磷虾渔业必须接受CCAMLR严格监管并实施科学观察。2009—2015年6个渔季,中国渔船在贯穿所有渔业活动中,按照CCAMLR要求执行最大可能全面、系统的观察覆盖。已有的23船次中,19船次执行科学观察,聘用科学观察员近30人。各渔季的观察天数覆盖率介于81%—100%(平均覆盖率为94%);渔船覆盖率介于66%—100%,6个渔季平均覆盖率为82%,超过CCAMLR的50%的要求。为应对南极磷虾渔业科学观察管理可能的调整,建议我国建立开放的科学观察培训机制,积极储备极地渔业国家科学观察员人力资源,开拓灵活简便的多重委派途径。     

关于湖南省第三次国土调查工作的思考

2020年的年底,我国刚刚结束了第三次全国国土调查主体调查工作,二调和三调间隔10年,10年间我国在土地管理和调查方面,有了许多新的进展和有效的突破,本文将以湖南省为例对第三次全国国土调查工作进行一定的总结和思考,为以后更好地进行国土调查提供借鉴.     

Revealing ecosystem services relationships and their driving factors for five basins of Beijing

A clear understanding of the relationships among multiple ecosystem services(ESs) is the foundation for sustainable urban ecosystem management. Quantitatively identifying the factors that influence ES trade-offs and synergies can contribute to deepening ES research, from knowledge building to decision making. This study simulated soil conservation, water yield and carbon sequestration in Beijing, China, from 2015–2018. The spatial trade-offs and synergies of these three ESs within the five major river basins in Beijing were explored using geographically weighted regression. Furthermore, geographical detector was applied to quantitatively identify the driving mechanism of the environmental factors for the ES trade-offs and synergies. The results show the following:(1) the spatial relationships between soil conservation and water yield, as well as between water yield and carbon sequestration, were mainly trade-offs. There was a spatial synergy between soil conservation and carbon sequestration.(2) Regarding the spatial trade-off/synergy between soil conservation and water yield in Beijing, the dominant influencing factor was temperature/elevation, and the dominant interactions of the spatial trade-off and synergy between these two ESs in Beijing and the Chaobai River Basin are all manifested in the superposition of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, temperature, and elevation.(3) Topographic factors were the dominant factors influencing the spatial relationship between soil conservation and carbon sequestration in Beijing and its five major river basins. As a result of the distribution of water systems and hydrological characteristics of the basins, differences were observed in the effects of different combinations of interaction factors on the spatial relationship between these two ESs in different basins.(4) Temperature had the strongest explanatory power in terms of the spatial trade-offs and synergies between water yield and carbon sequestration. The interactions between precipitation and temperature and between precipitation and elevation were the dominant interactions affecting the spatial relationship between water yield and carbon sequestration in Beijing. Overall, the explanatory power of influencing factors on the trade-offs and synergies and the degree of interaction between factors coexist in different basins with consistency and differences. Therefore, understanding the quantitative characteristics of basin-scale spatial trade-offs and synergies between ESs is important for ecosystem management and the promotion of synergy in different basins.     

县域耕地保有量目标约束机制及预测研究——以广西灌阳县为例

区域差异性导致各地耕地保护的目标不同,县域耕地保有量预测目标是否合理关系到区域和全局的耕地保护压力程度,影响着耕地保有量的合理预测,对有效遏止圈地现象至关重要。在耕地外部性特征基础上提出耕地保有量外部性连环效应,并据此效应建立县域耕地保有量预测目标约束机制;通过分析灌阳县在上轮规划耕地保护情况和耕地保有量现状,将灌阳县耕地保有量预测目标定位为耕地均量动态平衡;预测规划目标年灌阳县耕地保有量目标及相关单项指标。     

合肥市清真寺房屋开裂原因及其维修加固方法的探讨

通过对大量的勘察资料的分析, 探讨和研究了清真寺房屋开裂原因, 提出了维修加固方法。     

天津玛钢厂杂填土(城市垃圾)地基强夯法加固

本文主要介绍在3-7m厚的城市垃圾填筑土上,采用强夯法加固修建厂房和办公楼的地基的实践经验,以及强夯法加固施工质量的检测手段和方法。通过这一工程实践,为今后城市建设少占良田、场地,合理利用垃圾填料进行建设,开辟了新的途径。     

The Earth's natural pulse electromagnetic fields for earthquake time–frequency characteristics: Insights from the EEMD–WVD method

Monitoring the Earth's natural pulse electromagnetic field (ENPEMF) signal is a geomagnetic detection approach for the Earth internal and external studies, and it provides a reference for earthquake prediction. In this paper, the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition–Wigner Ville Distribution (EEMD–WVD) method is used to process the time sequences of the ENPEMF signal detected by GR‐01 receiving devices during the Lushan M_S7.0 earthquake (April 20th, 2013). By obtaining the intrinsic mode function (IMF), the time–frequency–amplitude joint distribution and the energy spectrum of the ENPEMF signal, the suspected anomalies before the earthquake could be shown. The results illustrate the ENPEMF signal before an earthquake and its time–frequency characteristics based on an EEMD–WVD algorithm, proving useful information about the anomalies around the time of the earthquake.