激光钻进煤岩技术的研究进展

激光钻进技术是一种极具潜力的创新技术,也是钻探领域的研究热点。作为一种非接触式钻进技术,对破碎松软岩层扰动破坏小,将激光钻进应用于煤层气定向钻进中可发挥出非常明显的优势。梳理和总结了激光用于煤岩钻进的成孔机制、钻进效果的影响因素。在激光钻进过程中,激光与煤岩相互作用伴随着复杂的理化作用,指出激光钻进煤岩主要的成孔机制是烧蚀成孔。从激光参数、岩石性质、外部环境等方面阐述了影响激光钻进煤岩效果的因素,论述了激光钻进用于煤岩这一特定钻进对象的特殊现象和问题,指出煤岩在激光照射下,组分的挥发、热解、升华、烧结和氧化构成了煤岩在高温下主要的热烧蚀机制。从钻进机理、工艺、装置等方面着手,建议加强激光钻进煤岩的多物理场耦合作用机制、钻进工艺、钻进装置研制等适应性研究,为激光用于煤岩的高质高效钻进研究提供参考。     

海岸裂流的研究进展及其展望

近岸裂流是海岸工程和海岸演变中非常重要的动力因素,对污染物排放和游泳者安全有很重要的意义。详细回顾了国内外对海岸裂流方面的研究与进展,具体包括对裂流的实验室实验和现场观测测量技术、理论分析、裂流的形成机理以及数值模拟等方面,概述了该领域的研究现状与发展趋势。总结了已有研究存在的不足,提出了需要进一步研究的课题。     

沿岸流非线性不稳定特征数值研究

当不稳定剪切波的波幅达到有限幅值之后,需要用非线性不稳定模型来分析沿岸流不稳定运动特征。本文通过建立并验证沿岸流非线性不稳定数学模型,在讨论该模型参数对沿岸流不稳定影响的基础上,率定实验中的模型参数并利用该数学模型模拟了实验中沿岸流不稳定的发展过程及其特征,主要结论有:（1）底摩擦系数越小,侧混系数越小,不稳定发生的时间越早,不稳定的波动幅值越大;（2）沿岸流非线性不稳定演化可能出现的5个阶段（线性阶段、倍周期阶段、大周期阶段、波群阶段以及不规则阶段）,实验中出现的沿岸流通常处于线性阶段或非线性倍周期阶段,倍周期阶段的涡旋是由线性阶段的涡旋发生追赶、配对直至合并产生的。涡旋配对以碰撞的形式发生,大部分能量转移至追踪波,然后以较慢的涡旋速度沿岸传播。     

1987年1月8日甘肃迭部5.9级地震与地形变特征

根据１９８７年１月８日甘肃迭部５．９级地震前，该区域的地壳形变中长期背景和定点台站连续观测资料的震反应异常，分析研究了这此异常的变化特征。     

APPLICATION OF CLAYS TO REMOVAL OF RED TIDE ORGANISMS Ⅱ.COAGULATION OF DIFFERENT SPECIES OF RED TIDE ORGANISMS WITH MONTMORILLONITE AND EFFECT OF CLAY PRETREATMENT

Study on the coagulation of four species of red tide organisms(Nitzschia pungens,Skeletonema costatum,Prorocentrum minimum and Noctiluca scintillans)with montmorillonite,and the effect ofmontmorillonite pretreatment on the coagulation shows that the capability for montmorillonite to coagu-late with them is in the order:N.pungens>S.costatum>P.minimum>N.scintillans.Thecoagulation is discussed from the aspects of the structure,shape,size,movement,habit,etc.of differ-ent species and the results are explained theoretically.The experimental results also indicate that the treat-ment of montmorillonite with acid can enhance its coagulating capability.This is due to the fact that Al(OH_2)_6~(+3),exchanged from the clay lattice by hydrogen ion H~+,forms hydroxy-aluminum polymers on thesurface of the montmorillonite.The hydroxy-aluminum polymers positively charge and increase the positivecharacteristic of the clay surface,and also serves as a bridge between adjacent surfaces of particles.Thesetwo functions enhance     

Effects of sea surface temperature, radiation, cloud microphysics, and diurnal variations on vertical structures of tropical tropospheric temperature: a two-dimensional equilibrium cloud-resolving modeling study

The effects of sea surface temperature (SST), radiation, cloud microphysics, and diurnal variations on the vertical structure of tropical tropospheric temperature are investigated by analyzing 10 two-dimensional equilibrium cloud-resolving model simulation data. The increase of SST, exclusion of diurnal variation of SST, and inclusion of diurnal variation of solar zenith angle, radiative effects of ice clouds, and ice microphysics could lead to tropical tropospheric warming and increase of tropopause height. The increase of SST and the suppression of its diurnal variation enhance the warming in the lower and upper troposphere, respectively, through increasing latent heat and decreasing IR cooling. The inclusion of diurnal variation of solar zenith angle increases the tropospheric warming through increasing solar heating. The inclusion of cloud radiative effects increases tropospheric warming through suppressing IR cooling in the mid and lower troposphere and enhancing solar heating in the upper troposphere. The inclusion of ice microphysics barely increases warming in the mid and lower troposphere because the warming from ice radiative effects is nearly offset by the cooling from ice microphysical effects, whereas it causes the large warming enhancement in the upper troposphere due to the dominance of ice radiative effects. The tropopause height is increased mainly through the large enhancement of IR cooling.     

青海地区现今垂直形变场概貌及与构造运动和强震活动性的关系

本文利用青海地区近几十年的大地测量资料，探讨了该区现今地壳垂直形变与现代构造运动及强震活动之间的关系，认为青藏高原北部目前仍处于强烈的构造运动活跃期，判定了两处有可能是未来发生强震的场所，并对青藏高原北部强震成因提出了作者的看法。     

江西西北部地形对一次大暴雨过程影响的数值模拟分析

2019年6月8—10日江西出现了一次持续的大暴雨天气过程.使用常规观测资料、FY-2G卫星TBB资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,在天气尺度环流背景和中尺度系统分析的基础上,利用WRF模式对大暴雨过程进行数值模拟,分析罗霄山脉地形对此次持续暴雨过程的影响.结果表明:此次暴雨过程发生在稳定维持的"两槽一脊"环流形势下,高空西风气流、低空西南急流、沿海大槽、上游移来短波槽和近地面辐合线是大暴雨过程形成的主要天气系统.中尺度云团不断生成于江西省西北部的罗霄山脉北支和中支的迎风坡附近,受沿海大槽阻挡而缓慢东移,与系统性云团合并从而导致江西省西北部地区出现持续性强降水.湘、赣两省交界处的罗霄山脉北支和中支地形对暴雨强度有实质性的影响,去除相应罗霄山脉地形的数值试验模拟的降水量明显减少.罗霄山脉附近持续长时间的辐合线是引发此次大暴雨过程的直接中尺度天气系统,其生成与低层风场辐合、低空急流和地形均有关.受地形抬升作用,对流天气系统在地形迎风坡附近不断生成并持续向东移过江西省西北部,是造成暴雨持续的重要原因.     

Experimental study of aeolian sand ripples in a wind tunnel

The topographic parameters and propagation velocity of aeolian sand ripples reflect complex erosion, transport, and deposition processes of sand on the land surface. In this study, three Nikon cameras located in the windward (0–1 m), middle (4.5–5.5 m), and downwind (9–10 m) zones of a 10 m long sand bed are used to continuously record changes in sand ripples. Based on the data extracted from these images, this study reaches the following conclusions. (1) The initial formation and full development times of sand ripples over a flatbed decrease with wind velocity. (2) The wavelengths of full development sand ripples are approximately twice the wavelengths of initially formed sand ripples. Both wavelengths increase linearly with friction velocity. During the developing stage of sand ripples, the wavelength increases linearly with time. (3) The propagation velocity of full development sand ripples is approximately 0.6 times that of the initially formed sand ripples. The propagation velocity of both initial and full development of sand ripples increase as power functions with respect to friction velocity. During the developing stage of sand ripples, the propagation velocity decreases with time following a power law. These results provide new information for understanding the formation and evolution of aeolian sand ripples and help improve numerical simulations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

甘蒙北山中南带新发现燕山早期走滑挤压推覆构造带

近年来在区域调查基础上,于甘蒙北山中南带首次发现了六条由南向北推覆的构造带,在每个推覆陶造带边缘发育大小不一的飞来峰。推覆体走向近东西,推覆在震旦系至中、下侏罗统之上,最大直观推覆距达55km,累积推覆距大于150km,并被上侏罗统不整合覆盖,形成时代为燕山早期。