Effects of hanging wall and footwall on demand of structural input energy during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

Systematic differences in the duration and frequency content of ground motions from the hanging wall and footwall during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake are investigated,focusing on the influence of these differences on structural input energy based on the elastic and inelastic energy responses of structures.A comparison of the input energy spectra between the hanging wall and the footwall reveal that the structural input energy on the hanging wall is not amplified due to the short duration and low peak ground velocity to acceleration ratio(V/A).However,the larger demand of structural input energy on the footwall in the range of medium and long periods is observed and the demand increases up to 50% relative to the average level of structural input energy for rupture distances larger than 30 km.The importance of considering the footwall effect on structural input energy when comparing ground motions in the range of medium and long periods is recognized.     

Mass balance and near-surface ice temperature structure of Baishui Glacier No.1 in Mt. Yulong

The accumulation and ablation of a glacier directly reflect its mass income and wastage, and ice temperature indicates glacier＇s climatic and dynamic conditions. Glaciological studies at Baishui Glacier No.1 in Mt. Yulong are important for estimating recent changes of the cryosphere in Hengduan Mountains. Increased glacier ablation and higher ice temperatures can cause the incidents of icefall. Therefore, it is important to conduct the study of glacier mass balance and ice temperature, but there are few studies in relation to glacier＇s mass balance and active-layer temperature in China＇s monsoonal temperate glacier region. Based on the field observations of mass balance and glacier temperature at Baishui Glacier No.1, its accumulation, ablation, net balance and near-surface ice temperature structure were analyzed and studied in this paper. Results showed that the accumulation period was ranged from October to the following mid-May, and the ablation period occurred from mid-May to October, suggesting that the ablation period of temperate glacier began about 15 days earlier than that of continental glaciers, while the accumulation period began about 15 days later. The glacier ablation rate was 6.47 cm d 1 at an elevation of 4600 m between June 23 and August 30, and it was 7.4 cm d 1 at 4800 m between June 26 and July 11 in 1982, moreover, they respectively increased to 9.2 cm d 1 and 10.8 cm d 1 in the corresponding period and altitude in 2009, indicating that glacier ablation has greatly intensified in the past years. The temperature of the main glacier body was close to melting point in summer, and it dropped from the glacier surface and reached a minimum value at a depth of 4-6 m in the ablation zone. The temperature then rose to around melting point with the depth increment. In winter, the ice temperature rose gradually with the increasing depth, and close to melting point at the depth of 10 m. Compared with the data from 1982, the glacier temperature has risen in the ablation zone in recent decades.     

Thermal infrared remote-sensing detection of thermal information associated with faults: A case study in Western Sichuan Basin, China

Using enhanced land surface temperatures (LSTs) image retrieved from Landsat ETM+, this article shows that thermal information associated with faults have been detected. These anomalies may be provided by geothermal natural convection through faults and partially influence the ground surface thermal environment. The study area in southern segment of Longmen Mountains thrust belt of Western Sichuan Basin contains complex faults and folds with recent earthquake activity. In order to study the faults for future oil exploration, we use LST data retrieved from Landsat thermal infrared band to detect the thermal information associated with faults. The LSTs are enhanced by filtering out anthropogenic activity and influence land cover classes, and interpolating to contour map. The spatial patterns of the enhanced images revealed the spatial correspondence between the thermal information and the dip planes of faults when compared with the explanation profiles and geologic features obtained from the 3D-seismic geophysical data. The thermal-affected ranges calculated and the statistically significant of regression model also indicate the result that the thermal information located near the faults are consistent with the faults’ dip planes.     

四川盆地中寒武统膏盐岩特征与成因分析

四川盆地中寒武统高台组、石冷水组膏盐岩广泛分布。在野外剖面、钻井剖面、岩心观察等宏微观分析的基础上,探讨了中寒武统膏盐岩发育特征,并分析了膏盐岩的成因。首先以石膏、白云石和黏土矿物为端元,将膏盐岩分为含泥含云质石膏岩类、膏质白云岩类和膏质砂泥岩类3大类及10小类;其次按膏盐岩剖面基本组成和结构特征总结出了丁山型、宫深型、方深型、建深型及范店型5类典型膏盐岩剖面,查明中寒武世毛庄+徐庄期两大聚盐区分别位于川南—黔北和万县—忠县一带。结合膏盐岩发育的沉积环境,建立了膏盐岩成因模式,认为四川盆地中寒武统膏盐岩存在潮上蒸发和沙坝(滩)后局限盐湖两类成因机制。     

基于 GIS 的天津市突发性地质灾害预警预报系统设计与实现

基于地质灾害的多样性及其变化的随机性和非稳定性特点,本文综合利用数学算法和GIS技术,设计了地质灾害预警模型,分析了诱发地质灾害的地形、地貌、气象、水文等几方面的因素,应用地质灾害显式统计预警的基本原理,并通过确定性系数模型(CF)综合分析了天津市地质灾害分布与地质环境基础因素的关系,更好的修订了我市地质灾害预警预报模型.实践证明,应用基于GIS 的地质灾害预警预报系统已在我市近几年的地质灾害气象预警预报中不断完善,预警预报精度得到提高,防灾减灾效果明显,对保护人民生命财产安全发挥了重要作用.     

日本海南部48ka以来的环境磁学记录及其反映的千年尺度环境变化

本文系统分析了日本海郁陵海盆南部陆坡KCES钻孔48ka以来的古地磁、岩石磁学和沉积学性质.在已经报道的以AMS14C测年、火山灰地层和特征深色层年龄模型上,以磁化率、非磁滞剩磁和饱和等温剩磁为归一参数的“地磁场强度”特征低值可以与北大西洋ODP 983钻孔对比,方向可以与日本海和太平洋其他钻孔进行对比,强度年龄与之前...     

滨里海盆地东南缘晚古生代碳酸盐岩台地特征及控制因素

滨里海盆地东南缘晚古生代广泛发育碳酸盐岩台地,生物礁发育,为油气聚集提供了良好的储层。受北乌斯丘尔特板块和乌拉尔造山运动的影响,南恩巴和扎纳诺尔碳酸盐岩台地具有3层结构,田吉兹-卡沙甘台地和特梅尔台地具有2层结构;依据沉积特征、沉积演化及井震资料等建立了各碳酸盐岩台地的沉积模式。各碳酸盐岩台地发育以孔隙为主的储层,亦有溶洞和裂缝,是沉积作用及后期白云岩化、淋滤、重结晶等共同作用的结果。研究表明,各碳酸盐岩台地生长发育过程中主要受相对海平面变化的影响,构造运动控制着碳酸盐岩台地的位置、形态、沉积相带分布及地层结构,水动力条件强弱决定了沉积物的类型。碳酸盐岩台地的不同特征对油气勘探目标评价具有指导意义。     

Fingered Intrusion of Shallow Saucer-shaped Igneous Sills: Insights from the Jiaojiang Sag, East China Sea

An extensive suite of igneous sills was intruded into the Tertiary sedimentary section of the Jiaojiang sag,East China Sea.This suite has been well imaged offshore through 2D and 3D seismic surveys,showing a close relationship with CO2 content in nearby gas discoveries.A new observational model,which incorporates simple upward propagation,simple horizontal propagation,and transgressive propagation,was proposed to interpret these sill intrusions.In this model,the source magma of the saucer-shaped sills was injected from their lowest points near the center.The transgressive propagation can be interpreted as a combination of the vertical and horizontal propagation.Most shallow sub-volcanic intrusions in the Jiaojiang sag exhibit fingered characteristics,both vertically and horizontally.The vertical fingered propagation produced saucer-shaped sills arranged in the flower style.Along the brims of lower sills could usually be found the upper sills,which are interpreted to have formed simultaneously with or later than the lower feeder sills.In the second type,the chilled paths of the older sills were reutilized by subsequent intrusions.The horizontal fingered propagation formed sheet intrusions that exhibit groove,lobate,tubular,and crevasse splaylike geometry in plan view.In 3D view,the sheet intrusions have still preserved the lower center and higher rim that similar with the sub-rounded saucer-shaped sills.Although fracture propagation may be important,flow inflation was the key mechanism of magma intrusion.Further consideration of the mechanisms underlying sill formation may help explain the fingered characteristics of sill propagation.     

西藏多巴小区下古生界德吾卡下组岩石特征及时代讨论

笔者2012年在班戈西1/5万区域地质调查工作中,依据桑日PM5号剖面中岩石组合特征及笔石化石将原德吾卡下组划分为上下二段。下段主要为笔石粉砂岩相。上段主要为中层生物碎屑粉晶灰岩与灰绿、黄绿、黄褐色薄层粉砂岩互层。在下段笔石粉砂岩层位中获得的笔石化石,经鉴定种属为Monograptus sp,时代为早志留世。