GStar-Ⅲ便携式叶面积观测仪的设计

针对传统叶面参数手工测量方法效率低、工作量大的缺点,设计了以ARM嵌入式系统为核心,利用CIS扫描技术实现的数字式叶面测量仪.实验结果表明,该仪器测量速度快、效率高、操作方便,具有良好的实用价值.使用该仪器时,叶片未被展平,长度测量码盘打滑,叶片未全部深入测量部件内,测量时拉动叶子速度太快等,均可造成测量误差.     

三网融合下气象影视的挑战与机遇

随着信息媒介的不断增多,依托于传统媒体的电视气象节目也在信息风暴中受到了巨大挑战。文章介绍了气象影视所面对的问题,以及新环境给气象节目带来的机遇,并对气象节目及气象频道提出建议。     

2019年沈阳一次凌晨气温骤升过程成因精细分析

2019年12月2日01时沈阳国家基本气象站(沈阳站)气温1 h内异常回升了6.5℃,利用常规和加密地面观测站实况、NCEP再分析及沈阳站逐小时风廓线雷达资料,从系统配置、热力学诊断、城市热岛效应等方面对此次异常升温事件成因进行精细分析。结果表明:沈阳站异常升温阶段,超低空到近地面暖脊过境造成辽宁大部分地区出现气温回升,暖脊过境是引发沈阳站午夜时分异常升温的原因之一;沈阳站位于沈阳市的东南部,当地面风为西北风时,风从温度相对较高的城区吹向郊区,造成沈阳南部郊区各站气温回升,与北部郊区对比得出升温幅度约为3—4℃。城市热岛中心向下风方漂移是沈阳站气温骤升又一原因。值得注意的是,气温回升前的温度基础值对气温回升幅度存在一定程度影响,回升前的基础温度越低,则回升后造成的升温幅度越大。     

Deuterium and oxygen 18 in precipitation and atmospheric moisture in the upper Urumqi River Basin, eastern Tianshan Mountains

The contribution of stable isotopes in meteorological, climatological and hydrological research is well known. This study analyzed the deuterium and oxygen 18 contents (δD and δ¹⁸O) of precipitation in event-based samples at three stations (Glacier No. 1, Zongkong, Houxia) along the upper Urumqi River Basin from May 2006 to August 2007. The δ¹⁸O in precipitation revealed a wide range and a distinct seasonal variation at all three stations, with enriched values occurring in summer and depleted values in winter. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the δ¹⁸O and δD and local surface air temperature, and better linear relationship existed between δ¹⁸O and air temperature than that of δD. This suggests that paleoclimatic archives relating to precipitation δ¹⁸O and δD can be useful for qualitative temperature reconstruction. The d-excess in precipitation also exhibited a seasonal variability. Based on NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, three-dimensional isentropic back-trajectories in HYSPLIT model were employed to determine the moisture source for each precipitation event. Results indicate a dominant effect of westerly air masses in summer and the integrated influence of westerly and polar air masses in winter, and d-excess can be used as a sensitive tracer of the moisture transport history.     

A complete reference of the analytical synchrotron external shock models of gamma-ray bursts

Gamma-ray bursts are most luminous explosions in the universe. Their ejecta are believed to move towards Earth with a relativistic speed. The interaction between this “relativistic jet” and a circumburst medium drives a pair of (forward and reverse) shocks. The electrons accelerated in these shocks radiate synchrotron emission to power the broad-band afterglow of GRBs. The external shock theory is an elegant theory, since it invokes a limit number of model parameters, and has well predicted spectral and temporal properties. On the other hand, depending on many factors (e.g. the energy content, ambient density profile, collimation of the ejecta, forward vs. reverse shock dynamics, and synchrotron spectral regimes), there is a wide variety of the models. These models have distinct predictions on the afterglow decaying indices, the spectral indices, and the relations between them (the so-called “closure relations”), which have been widely used to interpret the rich multi-wavelength afterglow observations. This review article provides a complete reference of all the analytical synchrotron external shock afterglow models by deriving the temporal and spectral indices of all the models in all spectral regimes, including some regimes that have not been published before. The review article is designated to serve as a useful tool for afterglow observers to quickly identify relevant models to interpret their data. The limitations of the analytical models are reviewed, with a list of situations summarized when numerical treatments are needed.     

吉林蛟河新安屯铜钼矿床成矿地质特征及成矿规律

新安屯铜钼矿地处敦-密深大断裂带东北部,受该断裂带影响,矿区内构造发育,为矿床形成提供容矿空间及导矿构造.笔者通过野外地质调查,借助于岩矿鉴定和光片鉴定明确了围岩蚀变特征、岩石特征、矿石矿物的结构构造及共生组合关系,将成矿阶段划分为3个期次、4个阶段.根据实际勘探资料,结合前人研究成果,发现新安屯铜钼矿空间上位于东北叠...     

Effects of space weathering on diagnostic spectral features: Results from He+ irradiation experiments

We performed ion irradiation of mineral samples with 50 keV He⁺, aimed to investigate ion irradiation effects on diagnostic spectral features. Reflectance spectra of samples in 0.375–2.5 μm are measured before and after ion irradiation. Silicates, including Luobusha olivine, plagioclase and basaltic glass, have shown reddening and darkening of reflectance spectra at the VIS–NIR range. Olivine is more sensitive to ion irradiation than plagioclase and basaltic glass. Irradiated Panzhihua ilmenite exhibits higher reflectance and stronger absorption features, which is totally different from lunar soil and analog silicate materials in other experiments. Using continuum removal and MGM fit, we extracted and compared absorption features of olivine spectra before and after irradiation. Ion irradiation can induce band strength decrease of olivine but negligible band centers shift. We estimate band centers shift caused by ion irradiation are quite limited, even less than variations due to chemical composition in silicates. It provides one possible explanation for no systematic shift in band positions in lunar soil. Irradiated Luobusha olivine spectrum matches spectra of olivine-dominated asteroids. Our results suggest space weathering should be new clues to explain the subtle difference between A-type asteroid spectra and laboratory spectra of olivine.     

Effects of hanging wall and footwall on demand of structural input energy during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

Systematic differences in the duration and frequency content of ground motions from the hanging wall and footwall during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake are investigated,focusing on the influence of these differences on structural input energy based on the elastic and inelastic energy responses of structures.A comparison of the input energy spectra between the hanging wall and the footwall reveal that the structural input energy on the hanging wall is not amplified due to the short duration and low peak ground velocity to acceleration ratio(V/A).However,the larger demand of structural input energy on the footwall in the range of medium and long periods is observed and the demand increases up to 50% relative to the average level of structural input energy for rupture distances larger than 30 km.The importance of considering the footwall effect on structural input energy when comparing ground motions in the range of medium and long periods is recognized.