考虑泥浆套不同形态的顶管管壁摩阻力计算公式

大直径、长距离顶管施工常通过注浆形成泥浆套来减小阻力,泥浆套的形态及其完整性对管壁摩阻力大小有决定性作用,现有摩阻力计算公式一般未考虑不同泥浆套形态对摩阻力的影响,计算结果与实际情况相差较大。根据不同施工状况对顶管外壁泥浆套的可能形态进行了分类及成因分析,提出了判断3种常见泥浆套形态的方法。利用半无限弹性体中柱形圆孔扩张理论探讨了注浆压力对泥浆套厚度的影响,结合非线性流体力学计算泥浆与管壁接触产生的摩阻力,最终采用挖掘面稳定假设,针对3种泥浆套形态提出了摩阻力计算公式。采用该方法对工程案例进行计算,计算结果与实测数据对比表明：现有摩阻力计算公式的计算结果过于保守,所提出的计算公式是合理和有效的。     

Risk evaluation of China’s natural disaster systems: an approach based on triangular fuzzy numbers and stochastic simulation

To deal effectively with the evaluation problem of natural disaster risk system affected by many uncertain factors, a multivariate connection number expression is presented. This expression is based on the index samples and evaluation grade criterions of natural disaster risk system and is capable of describing the hierarchy property and fuzziness of membership relationship between index samples and evaluation grade criterions. In this proposed method, the fuzzy evaluation grade criterion problem is resolved by combining triangular fuzzy numbers with multivariate connection number theory, and triangular fuzzy numbers are used to express the discrepancy degree coefficients of connection number and evaluation index weights. Accordingly, a connection number-based evaluation method for the natural disaster system of China (named CN-TFN for short) is established using triangular fuzzy numbers and stochastic simulation. The application results show that the spatial distribution of natural disaster risk grades of China has the trend of aggrandizement from west to east of China. The economically developed and densely populated coastal areas are very likely to have a high level of natural disaster risk grade or above; thus, these areas are the key regions of the natural disaster risk management of China. The results also show that the CN-TFN is able to reflect practical conditions of the evaluation problem of natural disaster system and to provide more reliability information as compared to the existing evaluation methods. This is as a result of its comprehensive usage of various information of subjective and objective uncertainties in the evaluation process of natural disaster risk system and its expression by confidence intervals. Due to the simplicity and generalization, the CN-TFM is applicable to comprehensive risk grade evaluation of various natural disaster systems.     

辽宁花坤头营子旋卷构造中侵入岩特征与构造演化的关系

花坤头营子侵入岩是花坤头营子旋卷构造的重要组成部分,共分出4个侵入体,分别为早石炭世辉绿岩、早三叠世闪长岩、中侏罗世二长花岗岩、早白垩世花岗斑岩,最晚还有一期流纹斑岩脉侵入.岩浆来源除早石炭世辉绿岩来自上地幔,余下几个序次来源于下地壳,并熔融了部分陆壳物质.以被动就位机制为特征.     

改进的蚁群算法及其在南岭地区花岗岩侵入体探测中的应用

蚁群算法（ACO）主要应用于组合优化问题（COPs）,很少应用于地球物理重磁资料物性反演。首先,对蚁群系统中目标函数值与信息素的映射机制进行改进。理论模拟表明,改进后的Gauss模型在收敛速度和反演精度方面比传统的ant-cycle模型要好,适用于重磁资料物性反演。然后,将蚁群算法应用于南岭地区千里山岩体和九嶷山岩体重力资料反演与解释。结果表明:蚁群算法圈定的花岗岩岩体与地面地质填图结果及大地电磁测深反演结果吻合,较好地控制了千里山岩体和九嶷山岩体的深度和形状。该结果可为研究南岭地区花岗岩侵入模式和多金属成矿规律提供参考。     

Magneteostratigraphy of Yumen Conglomerate in the Yumushan Region and Its Implication for Deformation and Uplift of the NE Tibetan Plateau

青藏高原新生代变形隆升过程是青藏高原新生代构造演化研究的热点问题,地处于高原东北部祁连山东北缘的榆木山是研究高原变形隆升时空过程的关键研究区之一.榆木山地区发育了一套粗砾相磨拉石——玉门砾岩,磁性地层研究表明其底部地质年代约为3.58 Ma.经古水流、磁化率、野外考察等推断玉门砾岩可能主要为构造隆升的产物,同时在榆木山地区还发育3个与玉门砾岩有关的不整合面,其跨越年龄分别约为:5.23～3.58Ma、2.88～2.58 Ma和＜1.77～0.8 Ma.综合分析认为该地区变形隆升不晚于3.58 Ma,之后至少经历两期构造变形隆升,该结果比北东向分步生长变形隆升模式推测的变形隆升时间明显早约1Ma,应该是对高原东北部青藏-昆黄运动的响应结果.     

青海某地软玉的宝石学特征

青海软玉产于花岗岩与大理岩的内接触带。与和田玉、花莲玉相比，化学成分表现高ＣａＯ，低Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＴＦｅ、Ｎａ２Ｏ等特点；矿物成分以透闪石为主，含少量白云石、滑石等，颜色多呈白色、淡绿色，赤有灰白、暗绿等色，油脂光泽，半透明至不透明，平均比重２．９４，平均硬度５．９５×１０８ｋｇ／ｍ２，折射率１．６２３～１．６２２。块度大、裂纹少，具良好的加工工艺性能。     

Holocene monsoon climate documented by oxygen and carbon isotopes from lake sediments and peat bogs in China: a review and synthesis

There has been much recent debate about Holocene climate variation in the monsoon region of China, especially the temporal pattern of variations in precipitation, the time-transgressive nature of the Holocene precipitation maximum, and the extent to which variations in regions influenced by the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) and the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) have been synchronous. We summarize and compare carbonate oxygen-isotope records (δ¹⁸O_carb) from ten lakes within the present-day ISM region. We discuss their paleoclimate significance considering the present-day moisture source, isotopic composition of precipitation and the hydrological setting. The δ¹⁸O_carb records are controlled mainly by the isotopic composition of lake water, which in turn is a function of regional Precipitation/Evaporation (P/E) balance and the proportion of precipitation that is monsoon-derived. We normalized the δ¹⁸O_carb data and used these records to generate an integrated moisture index. This index, along with oxygen-isotope records from speleothems and carbon-isotope records (δ¹³C_org) from peats within the monsoon region, suggests that Holocene climate was broadly synchronous across the monsoon region and, within the limits of accuracy of the existing age models, provides no strong evidence for previously-proposed anti-phasing of the ISM and the EASM. Stable-isotope records from lake sediments and peat bogs have excellent potential for providing high-quality paleoclimate data for monsoon Asia, and complement high-resolution speleothem sequences, which are only found in certain localities.     

中国大陆地磁学特征与百年地震相关关系分析

鉴于我国目前正面临着本世纪第五个地震活动期,探索地震的发生规律,是个很重要的地学问题。作者在前期工作的基础上,提取了不同分量、不同阶次的区域地磁异常的特征线,并对比了 ２０ 世纪以来大地震（ Ｍｓ≥６０）的分布,发现大地震多数分布在特征线上,特别是交叉点处。说明这些特征线反映了地壳深部构造特征,故对中、长期地震预报将起到重要作用。     

水库坝址岩溶渗漏类型及防渗帷幕布置型式的研讨

在我国岩溶地区,修建了很多水力发电站和水库,其中大多数是成功的,但有一些效果不佳,主要原因是对地质条件认识不足和防渗处理不当。为了研究岩溶渗漏规律和估算岩溶渗漏量,以及对防渗帷幕进行最优设计,作者提出将岩溶渗漏型式划分为八组二十八种类型,渗漏程度分为五级;并提出了水库允许渗漏量和防渗帷幕在平面及剖面布置型式的分类。