中国大陆现今构造变形GPS观测数据与速度场

利用 1991— 1999年间 36 2个全球定位系统 (GPS)测站的观测资料 ,初步获得了中国大陆及周边地区现今地壳水平运动的统一速度场。该速度场主要涵盖青藏高原 ,天山 ,塔里木、川滇 ,河西走廊 ,福建东南沿海等重要构造活动区 ,测定精度总体优于 2～ 3mm/a ,速度场站点的分布和测定精度基本上满足中国大陆现今构造变形和动力学研究的需求。现代大地测量第一次比较全面、定量地展示出中国大陆在周边板块作用下大幅度构造变形的图像 ,为模拟大陆岩石圈动力过程提供了基础性的运动学约束条件。     

浅层土（溶）洞的地震探测问题探讨

对埋深≤30m的土(溶)洞做了理论模型,并对其进行研究(高斯射线束法),再依据三维地震勘探方法,根据我院在工作中的实测成果,指出了土(溶)洞异常的解释理论要点和解释依据,说明了土(溶)洞在实际工作中的复杂多变性。     

灵渠地质地貌初步研究

灵渠位于广西东北部的兴安县,建造于公元前214年的秦朝,是联接湘江和漓江的一条人工运河。灵渠的建造是利用了分水岭上特定的有利的地质—地貌条件,即:1.地质构造上的低点;2.分水岭上强烈喀斯特化的峰林平原地形;3.从漓江到湘江新构造运动为掀斜式上升。      

Research on the water use efficiency and foliar nutrient status of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus euphratica</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tamarix ramosissima</Emphasis> in the extreme arid region of China

Seasonal variations in foliar stable carbon composition (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentrations of Populus euphratica Olivier and Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb, as well as correlations between foliar δ¹³C values and N, P and K concentrations were studied in the Ejina oasis in the lower reaches of the Heihe River, northwestern China. Foliar δ¹³C values, and P and K concentrations significantly differed between species. Foliar δ¹³C signatures in T. ramosissima were significantly more enriched than those in P. euphratica, but P and K concentrations of P. euphratica were higher. The seasonal variations and patterns of these were similar. The total foliar δ¹³C values and N, P and K concentrations in both P. euphratica and T. ramosissima showed a descending trend. There were significantly positive correlations between foliar δ¹³C values and N and P concentration of both P. euphratica and T. ramosissima. For the relationship between foliar δ¹³C and K concentration, there appeared oppositely positive and negative correlations in P. euphratica and T. ramosissima, respectively, but they were not significant. The simple positive correlations of δ¹³C–P% and δ¹³C–N% suggested that N and P in P. euphratica and T. ramosissima behave in a similar manner. This study also showed that there were nutrient deficiencies; N and P nutriments were the co-limiting factors in P. euphratica, while it was P nutriment in T. ramosissima.     

碳酸盐岩洞穴充填物及其充填程度的测井判别方法

近年来在新疆塔里木盆地发现了超亿吨级的碳酸盐岩大型油气田,洞穴型碳酸盐岩储层是其非常重要的储层类型之一,而此类储层的有效性取决于洞穴中充填物及充填程度,由于此储层中的洞穴横向变化可延伸至几米甚至几十米,远远超过了仪器的探测深度,因此对它的充填程度及其充填物的有效识别仍是目前待攻关的难题。通过分析不同充填程度、不同充填物的洞穴在常规测井曲线、电成像和阵列声波图像上的响应特征以及交会图分析法来识别洞穴充填物的性质,并结合钻井、录井、试井及地震等方面的识别标志,将洞穴型储层划分为完全充填洞穴储层、半充填以及未充填洞穴储层。      

辽宁五龙金矿黄铁矿的热电性标型特征

黄铁矿是五龙金矿的主要载金矿物之一，热电性以P型为主，占总数的90.8%，变化范围为4.3-392.0uV/℃，N型占9.2%，变化范围为-28.6--177.1uV/℃；不同世代黄铁矿热电性不同，第一世代为P型，第二、三世代为P、N混合型；横向上从矿体到围岩；热电系数由小变大，As使其呈P型，而C0、Ni使其呈N型。     

事件沉积及其周期性的氦同位素指示

物理、化学或生物事件所造成的事件沉积一般都会在沉积层中留下痕迹.事件沉积的突发性使得不同物源的物质比如稀有气体He在尚未达到平衡时就被保存在沉积地层中.海底沉积物中地球4He的丰度受古大陆尘所支配,海底沉积物中的He主要源于3He/4He比率不足0.1Ra的大陆物质(Ra = 1.40×10-6,是空气的3He/4He比率)和3He/4He比率大于100Ra的地球外星际尘粒.计算表明:亚洲风成尘粒总的质量累积速率(mass accumulation rate,MAR)与4He通量之间有一个显著的相关性.由氧同位素变化所记录的冰期-间冰期循环的100 kyr周期的起始点与地壳4He通量中100 kyr周期的起始点清晰地匹配.在大洋钻探计划中,用海底沉积物中地球外3He的通量来考查星际尘粒的全球生长速率发现:3He埋藏通量也与100 kyr冰期-间冰期循环周期相关.对白垩纪-第三纪界面(KTB)粘土中较高的地球外3He( [3He]Et)计算,发现该界面事件的短期性.来自中国梅山和日本西南部Sasayama的二叠纪-三叠纪界面(PTB)富勒烯的He同位素限定了这种富勒烯形成于地球外环境.在整个宇宙体系中,各物源之间的He及其同位素组成存在着很大差异,这为解析沉积事件提供了新的高灵敏度的手段.     

滇西昌宁——孟连带西区两个地层问题——兼论昌宁——孟连带的闭合 …

对昌宁－－孟加带西区的两个地层问题进行了讨论。根据牙形刺和放射虫的发现将原定为拉巴组的塔拉弄－南雅条带的时代厘定为晚泥盆世至早石炭世,时代大致与南皮河群的弄巴组或“中区”的“上泥盆统”相当,它们之间的确切关系仍有待进一步研究。怕拍组实际上主体属晚二叠世晚期,仅顶部可能包含有少量下三叠统印度阶最底部的沉积。对怕拍组的研究证实了澜沧运动的存在,昌宁－孟连带自此开始了由海洋盆地向造山带的演变进程,这一过     

From 2D to 3D Modeling of Mineral Prospectivity Using Multi-source Geoscience Datasets,Wulong Gold District,China

Natural Resources Research - The Wulong gold district (WGD) is located at the northeastern margin of the North China Carton (NCC) on the Liaodong Peninsula, China. The results of early mineral...     

Bulk organic δC and C/N as indicators for sediment sources in the Pearl River delta and estuary,southern China

Preservation of organic matter in estuarine and coastal areas is an important process in the global carbon cycle. This paper presents bulk δ¹³C and C/N of organic matter from source to sink in the Pearl River catchment, delta and estuary, and discusses the applicability of δ¹³C and C/N as indicators for sources of organic matter in deltaic and estuarine sediments. In addition to the 91 surface sediment samples, other materials collected in this study cover the main sources of organic material to estuarine sediment. These are: terrestrial organic matter (TOM), including plants and soil samples from the catchment; estuarine and marine suspended particulate organic carbon (POC) from both summer and winter. Results show that the average δ¹³C of estuarine surface sediment increases from −25.0 ± 1.3‰ in the freshwater environment to −21.0 ± 0.2‰ in the marine environment, with C/N decreasing from 15.2 ± 3.3 to 6.8 ± 0.2. In the source areas, C₃ plants have lower δ¹³C than C₄ plants (−29.0 ± 1.8‰ and −13.1 ± 0.5‰ respectively). δ¹³C increases from −28.3 ± 0.8‰ in the forest soil to around −24.1‰ in both riverbank soil and mangrove soil due to increasing proportion of C₄ grasses. The δ¹³C_POC increases from −27.6 ± 0.8‰ in the freshwater areas to −22.4 ± 0.5‰ in the marine-brackish-water areas in winter, and ranges between −24.0‰ in freshwater areas and −25.4‰ in brackish-water areas in summer. Comparison of the δ¹³C and C/N between the sources and sink indicates a weakening TOM and freshwater POC input in the surface sedimentary organic matter seawards, and a strengthening contribution from the marine organic matter. Thus we suggest that bulk organic δ¹³C and C/N analysis can be used to indicate sources of sedimentary organic matter in estuarine environments. Organic carbon in surface sediments derived from anthropogenic sources such as human waste and organic pollutants from industrial and agricultural activities accounts for less than 10% of the total organic carbon (TOC). Although results also indicate elevated δ¹³C of sedimentary organic matter due to some agricultural products such as sugarcane, C₃ plants are still the dominant vegetation type in this area, and the bulk organic δ¹³C and C/N is still an effective indicator for sources of organic matter in estuarine sediments.