Coevolution of brachiopod paleobiogeography and tectonopaleogeography during the late Paleozoic in Central Asia

Patterns of brachiopod paleobiogeographic regionalization in Central Asia reveal a coevolution between brachiopod paleobiogeography and tectonopaleogeography during the Early Devonian,Early Carboniferous,Late Carboniferous,Early Permian,and Middle Permian.The coevolutionary relationship reasonably accounts for the formation mechanisms of brachiopod paleobiogeography in this region,and also provides a basis for studies on the location and configuration of oceans and plates(blocks)during the late Paleozoic in Central Asia.     

韩江三角洲地貌发育的新认识

韩江三角洲从晚更新世中期开始沉积,经历了Q_3~(2-1)的古冲积扇、Q_3~(2-2)的占三角洲、Q_3~3的风化和新冲积扇、Q_4~1—Q_4~(2-1)的新三角洲、Q_4~(2-2)的贝壳堤和沼泽以及Q_4~3的沙堤-泻湖等六个发育阶段。发育模式为河流冲积扇与三角洲的交替发展。重新划分了三角洲的界线,面积为915.08km~2。划分出二类十亚类地貌类型。     

Joint AVO inversion in the time and frequency domain with Bayesian interference

Amplitude variations with offset or incident angle (AVO/AVA) inversion are typically combined with statistical methods, such as Bayesian inference or deterministic inversion. We propose a joint elastic inversion method in the time and frequency domain based on Bayesian inversion theory to improve the resolution of the estimated P- and S-wave velocities and density. We initially construct the objective function using Bayesian inference by combining seismic data in the time and frequency domain. We use Cauchy and Gaussian probability distribution density functions to obtain the prior information for the model parameters and the likelihood function, respectively. We estimate the elastic parameters by solving the initial objective function with added model constraints to improve the inversion robustness. The results of the synthetic data suggest that the frequency spectra of the estimated parameters are wider than those obtained with conventional elastic inversion in the time domain. In addition, the proposed inversion approach offers stronger antinoising compared to the inversion approach in the frequency domain. Furthermore, results from synthetic examples with added Gaussian noise demonstrate the robustness of the proposed approach. From the real data, we infer that more model parameter details can be reproduced with the proposed joint elastic inversion.     

Shape and position of Earth’s bow shock near-lunar orbit based on ARTEMIS data

Earth’s bow shock is the result of interaction between the supersonic solar wind and Earth’s magnetopause. However, data limitations mean the model of the shape and position of the bow shock are based largely on near-Earth satellite data. The model of the bow shock in the distant magnetotail and other factors that affect the bow shock, such as the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) B_y, remain unclear. Here, based on the bow shock crossings of ARTEMIS from January 2011 to January 2015, new coefficients of the tail-flaring angle α of the Chao model (one of the most accurate models currently available) were obtained by fitting data from the middle-distance magnetotail (near-lunar orbit, geocentric distance -20R_E>X>-50R_E). In addition, the effects of the IMF B_y on the flaring angle α were analyzed. Our results showed that: (1) the new fitting coefficients of the Chao model in the middle-distance magnetotail are more consistent with the observed results; (2) the tail-flaring angle α of the bow shock increases as the absolute value of the IMF B_y increases. Moreover, positive IMF B_y has a greater effect than negative IMF B_y on flaring angle. These results provide a reference for bow shock modeling that includes the IMF B_y.     

Altitude of the upper boundary of AAR based on observations of ion beams in inverted-V structures: A case study

Outflowing ion beams forming four successive inverted-V structures in the energy-time spectrograms of H+, He+, and O+ were observed at an altitude of 3.4 RE by Cluster satellites travelling above the auroral acceleration region (AAR) in the southern hemisphere on February 14, 2001. Energization by negative U-shaped potential structures in the AAR is believed to be responsible for the formation of these outflowing ion inverted-V structures. Thus, utilizing the different motion properties of the three ion species, the altitude of the upper boundary of the AAR is estimated to be ~11100 km. Moreover, based on multi-satellite observations, each of these U-shaped potential structures involved in this event crosses the latitudinal direction at ~0.4°–1° invariantlatitude (ILAT), moving poleward at an average speed of ~0.2° ILAT per minute, before disappearing at ~71.5° ILAT.     

Deriving depths of deep chlorophyll maximum and water inherent optical properties: A regional model

The Bohai Sea is a semi-enclosed inland sea with case-2 waters near the coast. A comprehensive set of optical data was collected during three cruises in June, August, and September 2005 in the Bohai Sea. The vertical profile measurements, such as chlorophyll concentration, water turbidity, downwelling irradiance, and diffuse attenuation coefficient, showed that the Bohai Sea was vertically stratified with a relative clear upper layer superimposed on a turbid lower layer. The upper layer was found to correspond to the euphotic zone and the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) occurs at the base of this layer. By tuning a semi-analytical model (24 and 25) for the Bohai Sea, we developed a method to derive water inherent optical properties and the depth of DCM from above-surface measurements. Assuming a ‘fake’ bottom in the stratified water, this new method retrieves the ‘fake’ bottom depth, which is highly correlated with the DCM depth. The average relative error between derived and measured values is 33.9% for phytoplankton absorption at 440 nm, 25.6% for colored detrital matter (detritus plus gelbstoff) absorption at 440 nm, and 24.2% for the DCM depth. This modified method can retrieve water inherent optical properties and monitor the depth of DCM in the Bohai Sea, and the method is also applicable to other stratified waters.     

Seismic wave scattering inversion for fluid factor of heterogeneous media

Elastic wave inverse scattering theory plays an important role in parameters estimation of heterogeneous media. Combining inverse scattering theory, perturbation theory and stationary phase approximation, we derive the P-wave seismic scattering coefficient equation in terms of fluid factor, shear modulus and density of background homogeneous media and perturbation media. With this equation as forward solver, a pre-stack seismic Bayesian inversion method is proposed to estimate the fluid factor of heterogeneous media. In this method, Cauchy distribution is utilized to the ratios of fluid factors, shear moduli and densities of perturbation media and background homogeneous media, respectively. Gaussian distribution is utilized to the likelihood function. The introduction of constraints from initial smooth models enhances the stability of the estimation of model parameters. Model test and real data example demonstrate that the proposed method is able to estimate the fluid factor of heterogeneous media from pre-stack seismic data directly and reasonably.     

基于广义Hoek-Brown强度准则的岩质边坡稳定性分析

为了对带有垂直裂隙的岩质边坡进行稳定性分析,基于极限分析上限法,引入广义Hoek-brown准则对最危险滑移面上的旋转破坏机制和稳定性进行分析,利用拟静力法等手段计算地震力、水压力和均布荷载等不同条件下岩质边坡稳定性的变化,并将外荷载与在滑动面上耗散的能量的比值作为稳定系数,推导出了带有垂直裂隙的岩质边坡的稳定性分析上限解。案例的计算结果表明:基于广义Hoek-Brown强度准则的上限法计算出的结果较极限分析上限法保守,安全系数差距在10%左右;本方法对于有多条裂隙影响的边坡可以分别分析不同裂隙的前部所形成的潜在滑坡体的稳定性并进行对比以选取最危险的滑动块体进行分析。     

基于GPS的遥感图像纠正

介绍了运用GPS控制点纠正遥感影像的全过程,在ERDAS平台对传统的窗口对窗口的视图式纠正方法和基于文件的GPS纠正方法作了比较,就其存在的优缺点进行了分析.对运用GPS进行遥感影像纠正的可行性进行了分析,对这种方法运用于西部地区或沙漠地区的遥感影像纠正的可行性作了初步的设想.     

新疆戈壁地区近地面大气折射率结构常数观测对比

利用大口径闪烁仪和QHTP-2型温度脉动仪对新疆戈壁地区近地面大气折射率结构常数进行对比观测。结果表明：两种仪器测量所得大气折射率结构常数具有较好的相关性,皮尔森相关系数达0.68。大口径闪烁仪所测结果符合新疆戈壁地区近地面大气湍流强度日变化特征,与温度脉动仪测量结果随时间变化趋势基本一致。两种仪器测量结果在数量级上存在的差异,可能是由测量原理、测量高度、大气稳定状态等因素造成的。