东南丘陵山区深水水库两种浮床植物脱氮效率对比研究

为探究东南丘陵山区深水水库中生态浮床技术深度脱氮的效率及管理措施,以大型山谷型深水水库千岛湖为例,选取湿生植物空心菜(Ipomoea aquatica)和水生植物粉绿狐尾藻(Myriophyllum aquaticum),采用生态浮床技术,开展了原位模拟实验对比研究,探究不同营养盐浓度和光强下两种植物的生长状况与氮素去除效率。结果发现:(1)空心菜长势受营养盐和光照条件影响明显,添加氮磷后(TN=2.37 mg/L,TP=0.046 mg/L)的空心菜生物量是原位水体(TN=0.66 mg/L,TP=0.028 mg/L)的1.6倍,适当遮光有助于浮床植物生长,40%遮光条件下空心菜的生物量是不遮光条件下的1.5倍;而粉绿狐尾藻生长受营养盐和光照条件影响均较小。(2)空心菜对于水体氮素净化能力显著高于粉绿狐尾藻,在最佳条件下空心菜和粉绿狐尾藻对氮素的去除效率分别达到213.30和44.23 mg/(m²·d)。(3)空心菜去除氮主要以植物同化作用为主,占70%以上TN去除量,40%遮光环境通过明显提升空心菜同化吸收氮量和根系反硝化速率增强了氮的去除能力;粉绿狐尾藻同化吸收和反硝化脱氮作用各占50%左右,以遮光75%下脱氮效果最好。本研究表明,采用生态浮床技术能够强化深水水库的脱氮能力,空心菜更适合在氮浓度较高的水体生长,夏季为空心菜和粉绿狐尾藻浮床分别进行40%和75%的遮光处理将有更好的水质净化效果。因此,在滨岸湿地匮乏的深水水库实施多种植物搭配的生态浮床技术强化水体脱氮作用是一种行之有效的水质改善方法。     

上海市学生人群防震减灾科普工作现状调查研究——以初中生群体为例

为了全面系统评价上海市学生人群的防震减灾科普效果,准确了解其科普需求,课题组在2014年下半年选取上海市某初级中学的部分学生作为示例,从科普知识的认知程度、需求与认知偏好、对宣传工作满意度评价、科普教育在学校开展的情况这四个方面进行问卷调查,以便及时总结经验,为今后在该人群中更加科学、高效地开展防震减灾科普宣传工作打下坚实的基础。     

Frequency Domain Response at Pacific Coast Harbors to Major Tsunamis of 2005–2011

Tsunamis waves caused by submarine earthquake or landslide might contain large wave energy, which could cause significant human loss and property damage locally as well as in distant region. The response of three harbors located at the Pacific coast (i.e. Crescent City Harbor, Los Angeles/Long Beach Port, and San Diego Harbor) to six well-known tsunamis events generated (both near-field and far-field) between 2005 and 2011 are examined and simulated using a hybrid finite element numerical model in frequency domain. The model incorporated the effects of wave refraction, wave diffraction, partial wave reflection from boundaries, entrance and bottom energy dissipation. It can be applied to harbor regions with arbitrary shapes and variable water depth. The computed resonant periods or modes of oscillation for three harbors are in good agreement with the energy spectral analysis of the time series of water surface elevations recorded at tide gauge stations inside three harbors during the six tsunamis events. The computed wave induced currents based on the present model are also in qualitative agreement with some of the reported eye-witness accounts absence of reliable current data. The simulated results show that each harbor responded differently and significantly amplified certain wave period(s) of incident wave trains according to the shape, topography, characteristic dimensions and water depth of the harbor basins.     

北极快速增暖背景下冰冻圈变化及其影响研究综述

北极具有独特的地理位置和战略地位,是当前全球变化研究的热点区域之一.北极增暖是全球平均值的两倍以上,被称为"北极放大"现象.在北极快速增暖背景下,冰冻圈尤其是海冰显著萎缩,对北极乃至中纬度天气气候产生深远影响.对北极快速增暖背景下冰冻圈主要要素(包括海冰、冰盖、冰川、积雪和冻土)时空变化特征及未来预估进行了综述,同时总...     

1961—2019年青藏高原中东部夏季强降水与大尺度环流的关系

采用一元线性回归、合成分析等方法对1961—2019年青藏高原中东部71个站点夏季强降水与大尺度环流进行了分析,研究结果表明,近年来青藏高原中东部强降水呈增加趋势。在强降水高值年时,青藏高原中东部水汽辐合加强,中纬度西风和热带地区东风带向极移动加强,高层辐散流场、水汽输送以及上升运动条件,共同作用导致了强降水的产生。在强降水低值年时,青藏高原中东部大部水汽异常辐散,区域内的季风水汽输送减弱,西风带和东风带均向赤道移动减弱,高层为气旋式环流异常。通过风暴轴、波作用通量和E-P通量进一步分析发现,当北大西洋地区风暴轴偏强（偏弱）时,瞬变扰动作用加强（减弱）,使得北大西洋地区高纬度西风加速（减弱）,急流出口区的不稳定能量激发了欧洲西北部的异常反气旋（异常气旋）,并通过Rossby波列调控季风输送,导致了青藏高原中东部地区强降水的变化。     

川中地区下侏罗统自流井组大二亚段陆相页岩层系岩性组合类型及其特征

川中地区下侏罗统自流井组大安寨段湖相页岩非均质性强,有利岩性组合的研究对目标层段的选取较为关键.通过对21口井的岩心观察与描述、有机质含量与主微量元素测定等,划分了岩性段及组合类型,并探讨了各组合类型特征.结果表明:大二亚段页岩层系主要发育泥质介壳灰岩、灰黑色页岩、含介壳页岩3类岩性,针对其生物介壳发育的特征,识别出特殊的介壳层岩性段;进一步总结出4类岩性段类型,A块状介壳灰岩段、B页岩与介壳层互层段、C页岩夹介壳层段、D纯页岩段.4类岩性段的古环境特征差异反映了不同的页岩油潜力,半潮湿-潮湿的古气候、较高的古生产力、合适的沉积速率,以及缺氧还原、半咸水-淡水环境有利于有机质的富集与保存,由此综合优选出有利岩性段类型为C页岩夹介壳层段,D纯页岩段次之.      

多父体杂交演化算法求解约束优化问题

提出了一种求解约束函数优化问题的新算法。设计了3种新的多父体杂交算子。这3种算子都使用了统计信息来决定搜索方向，使算法具有较高的收敛速度，同时又具有互补的特性，使得种群在演化过程中能保持较好的多样性，不容易陷入局部最优。对常见测试函数的数值实验证实了新方法的有效性、通用性和稳健性，其性能优于现有的一些演化算法。     

赣中抚州—永丰断裂新构造活动踪迹及其找矿意义

抚州—永丰断裂作为江西省德兴—遂川断裂带的组成部分,通常认为是一条长期活动的控岩控盆控矿断裂。研究发现,该断裂在挽近时期具有明显新构造活动的踪迹,如清晰的线性影像、构造地貌单元分界线与断裂走向一致、具有地震活动纪录、温泉沿断裂分布等,表明该断裂是新构造。断层角砾岩特征及地层错移关系显示为右行正断层,南东盘向南东方向下滑,致使断裂两侧侵蚀深度或保矿条件明显不同:北西侧处上升盘,侵蚀深度较大,玉华山盆地体找铀潜力受限;南东侧处下降盘,侵蚀深度较小,上白垩统红层较厚,保矿条件良好,相山矿田北西部及红层深部具有较大的找铀远景。     

Influence of stocking density on growth,body composition and energy budget of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in recirculating aquaculture systems

Atlantic salmon Salmo salar were reared at four stocking densities—high density D 1(final density ~39 kg/m 3), medium densities D 2(~29 kg/m 3) and D 3(~19 kg/m 3), and low density D 4(~12 kg/m 3)—for 40 days to investigate the effect of stocking density on their growth performance, body composition and energy budgets. Stocking density did not significantly affect specific growth rate in terms of weight(SGR w) but did affect specific growth rate in terms of energy(SGR e). Stocking density significantly influenced the ration level(RL w and RL e), feed conversion ratio(FCR w and FCR e) and apparent digestibility rate(ADR). Ration level and FCR w tended to increase with increasing density. Fish at the highest density D 1 and lowest density D 4 showed lower FCR e and higher ADR than at medium densities. Stocking density significantly affected protein and energy contents of the body but did not affect its moisture, lipid, or ash contents. The expenditure of energy for metabolism in the low-density and high-density groups was lower than that in the medium-density groups. Stocking density affected energy utilization from the feces but had no effect on excretion rate. The greater energy allocation to growth at high density and low density may be attributed to reduced metabolic rate and increased apparent digestibility rate. These findings provide information that will assist selection of suitable stocking densities in the Atlantic-salmon-farming industry.     

湛江湾红树林湿地沉积柱粒度特征及沉积动力分析

粒度是反映沉积动力特征的重要参数,红树林湿地沉积物在输送和沉积过程中记录了丰富的沉积环境信息。为探讨湛江湾红树林湿地沉积物粒度垂向特征及沉积动力过程,加强对湿地生态保护,通过运用图解法、对比研究法分析湛江湾南海堤(NHD)、东头山岛(DTSD)、湖光镇(HGZ)和观海长廊(GHCL)4个站位红树林湿地沉积柱粒度参数特征、频率分布曲线以及沉积速率,揭示近百年来湛江湾的沉积动力演变。结果表明:(1)NHD和DTSD沉积柱的²¹⁰Pb_ex比活度都呈现较好的指数衰变趋势,且沉积速率逐年增加。近百年来,NHD和DTSD平均沉积速率分别为1.277 cm/a和1.034 cm/a,但在2011年之后DTSD的速率远超过NHD。(2)各沉积柱粒度特征存在明显差异。NHD沉积柱粒径均值为3.42ϕ,以砂为主(67.23%),为粉砂质砂;DTSD粒径均值为5.71ϕ,分选系数2.21,组分以粉砂为主(55.13%),为砂质粉砂;HGZ沉积柱粒径均值为5.49ϕ,沉积物类型为砂质粉砂;GHCL粒径均值为4.18ϕ,砂为主要组分(55.85%)。(3)各沉积柱4个层位的粒度频率分布曲线呈现多峰态特征,沉积过程掺杂了多种沉积介质的作用。NHD和GHCL粒级集中在砂质颗粒端,指示较强的沉积动力;DTSD和HGZ粉砂粒级突出,沉积动力较弱。(4)沉积物粒度特征与所在陆源或岛屿、径流来沙有关;沉积过程深受潮流动力、红树林的分布及人类活动的影响。近年来湛江湾沉积速率的加快可能会对航道产生影响,应加强对湾内湿地生态环境的重视。