The Effect of Air Density on Sand Transport Structures and the Adobe Abrasion Profile: A Field Wind-Tunnel Experiment Over a Wide Range of Altitude

Aeolian sand transport results from interactions between the surface and the airflow above. Air density strongly constrains airflow characteristics and the resulting flow of sand, and therefore should not be neglected in sand transport models. In the present study, we quantify the influence of air density on the sand flow structure, sand transport rate, adobe abrasion profiles, and abrasion rate using a portable wind-tunnel in the field. For a given wind speed, the flow’s ability to transport sand decreases at low air density, so total sand transport decreases, but the saltation height increases. Thus, the damage to human structures increases compared with what occurs at lower altitudes. The adobe abrasion rate by the cloud of blowing sand decreases exponentially with increasing height above the surface, while the wind erosion and dust emission intensity both increase with increasing air density. Long-term feedback processes between air density and wind erosion suggest that the development of low-altitude areas due to long-term deflation plays a key role in dust emission, and will have a profound significance for surface Aeolian processes and geomorphology.     

牡蛎酶解物减轻5-FU对荷瘤小鼠肠黏膜损伤的作用研究*

文章以牡蛎肉为原料, 采用胰蛋白酶水解法制备获得牡蛎胰蛋白酶水解物(trypsin hydrolysates of oyster, OYH), 分析了其氨基酸组成和相对分子量分布, 并初步探究了OYH在减轻化疗药物5-氟尿嘧啶(5-fluorouracil, 5-FU)对S180荷瘤小鼠肠黏膜损伤方面的作用效果。结果表明: OYH中的必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的36.44%, 且谷氨酸含量最高, 其分子质量主要集中在1kDa以下, 所占比例为92.18%。5-FU单独使用组的肿瘤抑制率为31.00%; 与模型组相比, OYH-L+5-FU组、OYH-M+5-FU组和OYH-H+5-FU组小鼠肿瘤抑制率明显提高(p<0.001), 分别为38.24%、46.27%和47.57%, 其中OYH-M+5-FU组和OYH-H+5-FU组较5-FU单独使用有明显提高(p<0.01, p<0.001)。同时, OYH还能有效减轻5-FU给药期间造成的肠道黏膜损伤, 与5-FU组相比, OYH-L+5-FU组、OYH-M+5-FU组和OYH-H+5-FU组小鼠的小肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度、黏膜厚度和绒毛表面积均显著增加(p<0.01, p<0.001), 明显改善小肠隐窝和上皮绒毛的状态, 维持肠黏膜屏障的完整。此外, OYH-L+5-FU组、OYH-M+5-FU组和OYH-H+5-FU组的S180荷瘤小鼠与模型组相比, 中性粒细胞含量降低, 淋巴细胞含量增加(p<0.05, p<0.01), OYH-H+5-FU组能显著增加机体总蛋白、白蛋白以及免疫球蛋白含量(p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001), 改善机体免疫功能、营养状况以及调节血清免疫抗体水平。结果显示牡蛎肉的胰蛋白酶水解物具有作为化疗过程辅助治疗营养食品, 起到肠黏膜保护和提升机体耐受力的应用潜力。     

Optimal nonlinear excitation of decadal variability of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation

Nonlinear development of salinity perturbations in the Atlantic thermohaline circulation （THC） is investigated with a three-dimensional ocean circulation model, using the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation method. The results show two types of optimal initial perturbations of sea surface salinity, one associated with freshwater and the other with salinity. Both types of perturbations excite decadal variability of the THC. Under the same amplitude of initial perturbation, the decadal variation induced by the freshwater perturbation is much stronger than that by the salinity perturbation, suggesting that the THC is more sensitive to freshwater than salinity perturbation. As the amplitude of initial perturbation increases, the decadal variations become stronger for both perturbations. For salinity perturbations, recovery time of the THC to return to steady state gradually saturates with increasing amplitude, whereas this recovery time increases remarkably for freshwater perturbations. A nonlinear （advective） feedback between density and velocity anomalies is proposed to explain these characteristics of decadal variability excitation. The results are consistent with previous ones from simple box models, and highlight the importance of nonlinear feedback in decadal THC variability.     

大地测量中的永久潮汐问题

研究大地测量中永久潮汐的处理问题。首先推导永久潮汐位的数值表示式,接着给出6类常遇到的大地观测量的3种潮汐值形式及其转换关系,最后讨论3种潮汐系统的性质及其在大地测量中的使用问题。     

上海市内环线高架道路Ⅰ,Ⅱ标段工程勘察

内环线Ⅰ、Ⅱ标段工程勘察中将13余km长变化较复杂的地层,划分为8个类型,分别选用了适宜的桩基持力层及桩端埋深,单桩承载力及桩基沉降量均满足设计要求。     

天津盐碱荒地农垦过程对土壤环境中微量元素的影响(Ⅰ)

以天津盐碱荒地农垦过程为例 ,分析盐碱荒地农垦为水田种植水稻后土壤环境中微量元素的变化特征。结果表明 ,随着垦殖年限的增加 ,Cd、As、Hg元素大量富集在 0～ 2 0cm土壤中 ,其原因与污水泡田相关 ;Cu、、Zn、Mn、Ba等植物生长必需的元素在 2 0～ 4 0cm的土壤中的含量高于 0～ 2 0cm土壤中的含量 ,与 0～ 10cm土壤中这些元素有一部分已经被植物吸收有关 ,B的含量在 0～ 2 0cm中较高 ,与人工施肥有关。污水灌溉仍是农业生产中土壤微量元素变化的主要影响因素。     

浅论湖南省银异常分布特征和找矿方向

湖南省银矿床银主要来源于岩浆源,已发现的银矿床主要有三类:矽卡岩型银铅锌矿床,脉状热液型银铜铅锌矿床,斑岩型银多金属矿床。银矿的分布受大地构造的控制:属扬子准地台上扬子台褶带的湘西北区无岩浆侵入活动,无银矿点分布,也末发现银异常;属扬子准地台江南台隆的雪峰古陆过渡区,银异常密集分布,强度中等,系沉积型含银的钒磷矿分布区,尚未发现工业银矿床,属华南褶皱系赣湘桂粵褶皱带的湘中、湘南、湘东区,银异常呈点状分布,强度大,是主要岩浆源型银矿分布区,是银矿找矿的重点地区。     

我国大地坐标系的换代问题

首先指出了我国现有大地坐标系在先进性和实用性方面存在的问题，提出了我们面临的选择与采用地心坐标系的建议，然后就地心坐标系的定义和实现、参考椭球常数、正常重力公式等问题提出了初步意见，并就坐标系改变对旧地形图的影响问题进行了研究。我国大地坐标系应由局部坐标系更新为地心坐标系。我国大地坐标系的定义应与IERS(国际地球自转服务)协议相一致，采用国际常用的参考椭球和正常重力公式。本文提出的参考椭球和正常重力公式符合这些原则，提出的地形图坐标系变化改正方案应是基本可行的。     

Quantifying aluminosilicate manganese release and dissolution rates across organic ligand treatments for rocks,minerals, and soils

Acta Geochimica - Manganese is ubiquitous in terrestrial environments and most studies have focused on dissolution of Mn oxides, but aluminosilicates also release Mn. Here, we evaluated oxic Mn...