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471.
"Traces of MTBE in ground water (>10 ppb) do not necessarily indicate recent gasoline contamination."  相似文献   
472.
Abstract Carbonate platform growth in active tectonic settings may be strongly influenced by the structural evolution of the basin, including volcanic activity. In this paper, the sedimentary–tectonic evolution of the Duranguesado carbonate platform (Larrano) in northern Spain is described, and an evolutionary depositional model is presented. The Albian Duranguesado carbonate platform deposits are dominated by rudist and coral limestones with small intervening argillaceous limestone-filled troughs (10–30 m deep). The platform succession is divided into two parts. The lower platform deposits were intruded by volcanics and tilted before the deposition of the upper platform succession. A volcanic vent plug filling an upward-flaring pipe occurs in the lower carbonate platform succession. The timing of intrusion is well constrained to the early Albian. Tectonic extension and active deep-seated strike-slip faults induced magma ascent at a fault intersection. Sedimentological analysis of these areas indicates that, before volcanic intrusion, they acted as weakened zones of extension, and were slightly more subsident basinal areas. These sites contain anomalous accumulations of siliceous sponge spicule deposits, linked to the release of hydrothermal fluids on the sea floor. After the phase of intrusion, tilting and erosion of the platform and its associated volcanic products occurred. As the intrusion cooled, the platform downwarped, leading to the formation of an overlying perched capping basin bordered by carbonate platforms. Over the volcanic plug, carbonate mounds grew on local palaeohighs. The presence of strike-slip and magma emplacement in the Duranguesado platform is related to movements between the Iberian and European lithospheric plates, which were accommodated by rotation and lateral movement of the crust along wrench faults.  相似文献   
473.
Abstract A copepod nauplius of the family Dirivultidae Humes & Dojiri 1980 is described for the first time. The lecithotrophic nauplius of the widespread symbiotic copepod Stygiopontius pectinatus Humes 1987 was released from females bearing paired egg sacs that included only one yolky embryo each. The ovigerous females of S. pectinatus were washed from the branchial chamber of alvinocaridid shrimps ( Rimicaris exoculata Williams & Rona 1986 ) collected at a deep-sea hydrothermal field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 5° S (Red Lion site, chimney 'Shrimps Farm', depth 3,048 m) by ROV Quest 4000 and maintained in a laboratory on the R/V METEOR (cruise M64/1, 2005). The nauplius of S. pectinatus , appears to be a stage I nauplius because it bears only one pair of caudal setae and the setose bud of maxilla 1 is absent. Like nauplii of other copepods of the order Siphonostomatoida, this nauplius of S. pectinatus possesses a reduced labrum and the body is filled with yolky granules; it also lacks a masticatory process on the antennal coxa. The presence of two inner setae (instead of one seta) on the mandibular endopod is hypothesized to be a primitive character of dirivultids that distinguishes them from the remaining siphonostomatoid genera. The Dirivultidae is a widespread and diverse family of copepods endemic to the deep-sea hydrothermal vents of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Morphological features of the planktonic nauplius of S. pectinatus suggest nutritional independence during their dispersal.  相似文献   
474.
Abstract. As part of a wider study on the settlement and recruitment of Chthamalus spp. in Europe, this study investigated whether chthamalid cyprids can be separated by length on a European scale. Variation in cyprid length with latitude and temporal variation at selected localities were also examined. The lengths of cyprids collected between 1996 – 1999 on nine rocky shores in Europe are reported. Elminius modestus cyprids were found only at Roscoff, NW France and could be distinguished due to their carapace shape and length. They showed a unimodal length distribution, measuring between 450 and 625 µm, with no variation in length between the two sampling dates (1997 and 1998). Based on carapace shape and length, the remaining cyprids in the collections were identified as one of three chthamalid species, Chthamalus montagui, Chthamalus stellatus or Euraphia depressa. Bimodal length distributions of chthamalid cyprids were seen on some shores, while others had a single small‐sized modal group (representing C. montagui on Atlantic shores and/or E. depressa in the Mediterranean) separated from a few distinctly larger cyprids (C. stellatus). Metamorphs collected simultaneously with cyprid collections were identified as C. stellatus or C. montagui, except at Roscoff, where E. modestus were also found. In southern Portugal, where all metamorphs collected were C. montagui and adult C. montagui were the dominant barnacles, most cyprids measured between 350 and 550 µm long and this size distribution coincides with the distribution expected for C. montagui. Cyprids collected on these four more southerly Portuguese shores had the same modal length class (475 µm) and this remained constant between successive years at Luz and Albufeira, Algarve. The smallest (350 µm long) wild chthamalid cyprids found were from southern Portugal and Italy. In Spain, France and Ireland the smallest chthamalid cyprid was 425 µm long. The results from the present study support the hypothesis that on Atlantic shores cyprids of C. montagui can be separated from those of C. stellatus based on size, although there is some variation in cyprid length with latitude as well as temporal variation at selected localities.  相似文献   
475.
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477.
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a major carbon reservoir for the global carbon cycle, and its molecules play a key role in the biogeochemistry of the ocean. Colloidal DOM macromolecules assemble to form polymer hydrogels known as marine microgels. Marine microgels represent one of the most dynamic pools of organic carbon in the ocean. However, their optical characteristics and their contribution to ocean optical properties are largely unknown. In this work, we explore the optical and proteomic properties of spontaneously assembled DOM polymer microgels. Microgels from cultures and from Puget Sound seawater were sorted and counted using a dual-laser (365 nm/365 nm) high-speed cell sorter. This sorter has been adapted to interface with a scanning monochromator to measure the fluorescence emission spectrum of the microgels over the range from 300 to 850 nm. Surprisingly, the microgels show a broad fluorescence emission from 420 to 520 nm when excited with UV light. The microgels were classified according to their blue autofluorescence, and by three criteria that are used to define microgels: 1) staining with chlortetracycline 2) the ability to undergo phase transitions at low pH, and 3) dispersion following calcium chelation by EDTA.  相似文献   
478.
The oxidation of four alkanes, two olefins and twelve aromatic compounds in the liquid phase with either high voltage or radio frequency glow discharges has been studied. The results of the liquid-plasma interactions of this work considerably differ from those in homogeneous gas phase. Neither fragmentation products in the traps nor polymers on the reactor walls have been detected. The selectivity of product formation is far superior to plasma oxidations in gas phase, making these techniques attractive for preparative chemistry. Total conversion, i.e., mass transformed against initial mass of substrate, has been studied as a function of the temperature of the liquid and the oxygen flow rate in the reactor. Optical emission spectroscopy has been utilized to detect and monitor the active species in the plasma. At the conditions for maximum oxidation no evidence of O2(1g) has been observed. A correlation between the behavior of the O(3P) population in the discharge and the reactivity of the different compounds, as a function of the oxygen flow rate in the reactor, is presented.  相似文献   
479.
480.
The Charney model is reexamined using a new mathematical tool, the multiscale window transform(MWT), and the MWT-based localized multiscale energetics analysis developed by Liang and Robinson to deal with realistic geophysical fluid flow processes. Traditionally, though this model has been taken as a prototype of baroclinic instability, it actually undergoes a mixed one. While baroclinic instability explains the bottom-trapped feature of the perturbation, the second extreme center in the perturbation field can only be explained by a new barotropic instability when the Charney–Green number γ 1, which takes place throughout the fluid column, and is maximized at a height where its baroclinic counterpart stops functioning.The giving way of the baroclinic instability to a barotropic one at this height corresponds well to the rectification of the tilting found on the maps of perturbation velocity and pressure. Also established in this study is the relative importance of barotropic instability to baroclinic instability in terms of γ. When γ 1, barotropic instability is negligible and hence the system can be viewed as purely baroclinic; when γ 1, however, barotropic and baroclinic instabilities are of the same order;in fact, barotropic instability can be even stronger. The implication of these results has been discussed in linking them to real atmospheric processes.  相似文献   
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