基于GIS技术的县域城市规划数据管理模式应用的研究——以广东省增城市为例

随着近年来GIS技术在城乡规划方面的应用日趋普及,GIS技术在空间数据采集、数据管理与分析等关键环节上的优势也逐渐显露。同时,县域城市城乡规划数据种类繁杂,数据量大,亟需先进的技术手段对其进行有效组织与管理。采用GIS技术对城乡规划数据进行动态管理和更新将给城乡规划带来极大的便利。本文以广东省增城市规划管理信息系统为案例,系统阐述GIS技术在城乡规划数据管理中的应用。     

Changes of soil surface roughness under water erosion process

The objective of this study was to determine the changing characteristics of soil surface roughness under different rainfall intensities and examine the interaction between soil surface roughness and different water erosion processes. Four artificial management practices (raking cropland, artificial hoeing, artificial digging, and contour tillage) were used according to the local agriculture customs of the Loess Plateau of China to simulate different types of soil surface roughness, using an additional smooth slope for comparison purposes. A total of 20 rainfall simulation experiments were conducted in five 1 m by 2 m boxes under two rainfall intensities (0.68 and 1.50 mm min^?1) on a 15° slope. During splash erosion, soil surface roughness decreased in all treatments except raking cropland and smooth baseline under rainfall intensity of 0.68 mm min^?1, while increasing for all treatments except smooth baseline under rainfall intensity of 1.50 mm min^?1. During sheet erosion, soil surface roughness decreased for all treatments except hoeing cropland under rainfall intensity of 0.68 mm min^?1. However, soil surface roughness increased for the artificial hoeing and raking cropland under rainfall intensity of 1.50 mm min^?1. Soil surface roughness has a control effect on sheet erosion for different treatments under two rainfall intensities. For rill erosion, soil surface roughness increased for raking cropland and artificial hoeing treatments, and soil surface roughness decreased for artificial digging and the contour tillage treatments under two rainfall intensities. Under rainfall intensity of 0.68 mm min^?1, the critical soil surface roughness was 0.706 cm for the resistance control of runoff and sediment yield. Under rainfall intensity of 1.50 mm min^?1, the critical soil surface roughness was 1.633 cm for the resistance control of runoff, while the critical soil surface roughness was 0.706 cm for the resistance control of sediment yield. These findings have important implications for clarifying the erosive nature of soil surface roughness and harnessing sloped farmland. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

海南省三亚湾和榆林湾海水中叶绿素a浓度、总细菌和大肠杆菌的丰度与分布

1996 年8 月在海南省三亚湾和榆林湾对海水中的叶绿素a 浓度、总细菌和大肠杆菌的丰度进行了检测。结果表明叶绿素a 浓度和总细菌丰度以三亚河口和榆林湾内港为最高, 离岸逐渐降低。三亚河口和榆林湾内港的叶绿素a 高浓度 (分别超过10 μg/dm 3 和5 μg/dm 3)、高的总细菌丰度(均达4×106个/cm 3) 和三亚河口高的大肠杆菌丰度(达11 000 个/dm 3) 表明其水体已呈现富营养化, 这主要是由生活污水通过三亚河对河口和内港的污染造成的。要保证三亚市旅游业的可持续发展, 应加强对三亚河、榆林内港及海滨区环境和水质的监控与管理     

Triassic Nb-enriched basalts, magnesian andesites, and adakites of the Qiangtang terrane (Central Tibet): evidence for metasomatism by slab-derived melts in the mantle wedge

New chronological, geochemical, and isotopic data are reported for Triassic (219–236 Ma) adakite-magnesian andesite-Nb-enriched basaltic rock associations from the Tuotuohe area, central Qiangtang terrane. The adakites and magnesian andesites are characterized by high Sr/Y (25–45), La/Yb (14–42) and Na₂O/K₂O (12–49) ratios, high Al₂O₃ (15.34–18.28 wt%) and moderate to high Sr concentrations (220–498 ppm) and ε_ND (t) (+0.86 to +1.21) values. Low enrichments of Th, Rb relative to Nb, and subequal normalized Nb and La contents, and enrichments of light rare earth elements combine to distinguish a group of Nb-enriched basaltic rocks (NEBs). They have positive ε_ND (t) (+2.57 to +5.16) values. Positive correlations between Th, La and Nb and an absence of negative Nb anomalies on mantle normalized plots indicate the NEBs are products of a mantle source metasomatized by a slab melt rather than by hydrous fluids. A continuous compositional variation between adakites and magnesian andesites confirms slab melt interaction with mantle peridotite. The spatial association of the NEBs with adakites and magnesian andesites define an “adakitic metasomatic volcanic series” recognized in many demonstrably subduction-related environments (e.g., Mindanao arc, Philippines; Kamchatka arc, Russia; and southern Baja California arc, Mexico). The age of the Touhuohe suite, and its correlation with Triassic NEB to the north indicates that volcanism derived from subduction-modified mantle was abundant prior to 220 Ma in the central Qiangtang terrane.     

固结过程对冻土应力-应变特性的影响

选用四种不同固结方式,并在－５０℃条件下,对冻结砂土样进行三轴压缩试验,试验发现固结过程对冻土的强度与变表有明显影响。经历Ｋ０ＤＣＦ的冻土其强度最大,友坏变形最小,经历ＦＣ的试样强度最小,破坏变形最大;经历ＥＤＣＦ和ＥＵＤＣＦ的产介于中间。     

煤中微量元素富集的主要因素分析

在对兖州矿区煤中微量元素成因分析及总结前人结论的基础上,将煤中微量元素富集因素划分为原生、次生和后生三个阶段,分别对每一个阶段影响微量元素富集的主要因素进行研究和分析。结果表明,煤在形成的过程中影响微量元素迁移、富集的因素很多,植物生长的种类、生长中水化学条件、泥炭沼泽形成中大气、海水的入侵、煤在煤化过程中岩浆热液的作用、煤与顶、底板岩石的物质交换作用等都影响着煤中微量元素富集。因此,煤中微量元素的形成、聚集是煤在形成的各个时期、各种地质因素综合影响的结果。      

火焰原子吸收法测定化探样品中的银铜铅锌

样品经硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸分解，制成硝酸溶液，经巯基棉层析柱过滤富集Ag，并用2mol／LHBr溶液洗脱，用火焰原子吸收法测定洗脱液中的Ag和滤液中的Cu，Pb，Zn。用该法测定化探样品中银和铜铅锌，检出限低，结果准确度和精密度均令人满意。     

温室效应变化及其地理意义

在过去100年间，全球平均气温上升0．3－0．5℃，这种增温幅度与温度效应的预报结果相一致。也与气候变化的自然幅度相一致，由于温室气体效应，现代的气候变化与过去气候变化已有本质不同，经过进一步研究，多数科学家认为，全球变暖主要是大气中的温室气体增加造成的，温室效应变化具有重要的地理意义，增温幅度存在普遍适应的规律。冬季大于夏季，高纬度大于低纬度，陆地大于海洋。植物种群的更新及迁移可能跟不上气候变化的步伐，土壤的形成更将远远落后于气候变化，过渡带的生态系统将长时期内存在，它们将是不稳定的，脆弱的，物种的灭绝速度可能会因此加快，人类对生物资源的利用也许会面临新的问题和挑战。     

2020年前我国核能发展的策略和目标研究

本文提出了我国核电发展的 4项策略 ,明确了近中远兼顾的 3个层次的发展目标及相关的重点工程。     

青海玉树地震差分干涉雷达同震形变测量

2010-04-14青海玉树发生7.1级地震后,作者利用震前和震后获取的日本ALOS卫星PALSAR遥感数据,开展了差分干涉雷达(D-InSAR)地震同震形变测量与分析。结果表明:玉树地震引起较大范围地表变形,地震变形沿玉树—甘孜断裂带向南东东方向扩展,在N33.7°,E96.81°附近达到最大形变量,D-InSAR监测到雷达视向上的最大形变量为35cm。地表形变特征对于评价玉树地震破坏程度、推断断层性质、研究地震形变和地震孕育特征具有重要的参考价值。