小兴安岭-张广才岭地区晚古生代至中生代花岗岩的成因及其地质意义

中国东北地区显生宙花岗岩的成因一直是中亚造山带东段研究的热点之一,尤其是小兴安岭-张广才岭地区的花岗岩其成因及形成的大地构造背景一直存在较大争议。本文新获得小兴安岭-张广才岭铁力和依兰地区的二长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为188±1 Ma和257±3 Ma。地球化学数据显示,两地区的二长花岗岩均为Ⅰ型花岗岩并且富集大离子亲石元素(Th和U等)和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素(Nb和Ta等)和重稀土元素具有弧岩浆岩的地球化学特征。锆石Hf同位素数据显示,铁力地区二长花岗岩的岩浆源区可能来自于中新元古代的下地壳部分熔融。综合前人在小兴安岭-张广才岭地区已发表的花岗岩类岩石的地质年代学和地球化学数据,初步推测小兴安岭-张广才岭地区在晚古生代至中生代期间处于活动大陆边缘环境。同时,小兴安岭-张广才岭地区晚古生代至中生代的岩浆岩具有自东向西形成时代逐渐变年轻的趋势,这可能是由于东侧的牡丹江洋在晚古生代至中生代期间俯冲角度逐渐变缓造成的。     

Hyperspectral estimation model of soil Pb content and its applicability in different soil types

Acta Geochimica - In order to obtain Pb content in soil quickly and efficiently, a multivariate linear regression (MLR) and a principal component regression (PCR) Pb content estimation model were...     

青藏高原东北缘瑞利面波成像：射线理论与程函方程结果的比较

青藏高原东北缘是青藏高原隆升的前缘地带,其构造变形特征一直是研究的热点。前人在该区域进行过面波成像研究,但不同结果存在较明显的差异,可能与不同成像方法的分辨率有关,此次研究分别使用基于射线的方法和基于程函方程的方法进行了瑞利波相速度成像。笔者对比了20 s、30 s和60 s的成像结果,两种方法的结果表现出相似的速度特征。总体的速度特征与研究区域的主要构造单元分布相吻合,青藏高原东北缘表现出低速异常,鄂尔多斯块体表现出高速异常。在银川河套地堑,基于程函方程的成像在20 s和30 s得到更明显的低速异常,低速异常体的分布与地堑的轮廓吻合更好,说明基于程函方程的方法对数据利用更充分。     

Evolution of permafrost in China during the last 20 ka

The formation and evolution of permafrost in China during the last 20 ka were reconstructed on the basis of large amount of paleo-permafrost remains and paleo-periglacial evidence, as well as paleo-glacial landforms, paleo-flora and paleofauna records. The results indicate that, during the local Last Glacial Maximum(LLGM) or local Last Permafrost Maximum(LLPMax), the extent of permafrost of China reached 5.3×106-5.4×106 km2, or thrice that of today, but permafrost shrank to only0.80×106-0.85×106 km2, or 50% that of present, during the local Holocene Megathermal Period(LHMP), or the local Last Permafrost Minimum(LLPMin). On the basis of the dating of periglacial remains and their distributive features, the extent of permafrost in China was delineated for the two periods of LLGM(LLPMax) and LHMP(LLPMin), and the evolution of permafrost in China was divided into seven periods as follows:(1) LLGM in Late Pleistocene(ca. 20000 to 13000-10800 a BP)with extensive evidence for the presence of intensive ice-wedge expansion for outlining its LLPMax extent;(2) A period of dramatically changing climate during the early Holocene(10800 to 8500-7000 a BP) when permafrost remained relatively stable but with a general trend of shrinking areal extent;(3) The LHMP in the Mid-Holocene(8500-7000 to 4000-3000 a BP)when permafrost degraded intensively and extensively, and shrank to the LLPMin;(4) Neoglaciation during the late Holocene(4000-3000 to 1000 a BP, when permafrost again expanded;(5) Medieval Warming Period(MWP) in the late Holocene(1000-500 a BP) when permafrost was in a relative decline;(6) Little Ice Age(LIA) in the late Holocene(500-100 a BP), when permafrost relatively expanded, and;(7) Recent warming(during the 20 th century), when permafrost continuously degraded and still is degrading. The paleo-climate, geography and paleopermafrost extents and other features were reconstructed for each of these seven periods.     

Effects of mineral-organic fertilizer on the biomass of green Chinese cabbage and potential carbon sequestration ability in karst areas of Southwest China

The karst mountain areas of Southwest China contain barren farmland soils and suffer from nutritional and water deficiencies that affect crop productivity. Hence,it is imperative to apply suitable fertilizers to restore soil fertility and maintain crop yield. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of mineral-organic fertilizer(MOF)made of potassic rock and organic waste on the growth of crops. For this purpose, green Chinese cabbage grown using three different fertilization methods including MOF,inorganic fertilizer(IF), and a control was evaluated. We determined soil water content, agronomic characteristics,and biomass of green Chinese cabbage in different treatments. Furthermore, surface runoff from the pot experiments and soil leachate from pot experiments were collected to determine water temperature, pH, and cation and anion concentrations. The results demonstrate thatMOF can improve the soil water-holding capacity of soil,and the basic agronomic characteristics of the cabbage treated with MOF were superior to those with IF. Using MOF can promote the increase in cabbage biomass.Additionally, the concentration of inorganic carbon(largely in the form of HCO_3^-) in surface runoff water treated by MOF was higher than the other treatments, establishing carbon sequestration potential. This work provides a novel and environmentally friendly fertilization pattern in karst areas, which will improve crop yield and also increase the carbon sequestration potential of crops.     

典型喀斯特峡谷区碳储量空间分配格局、演变过程及其贡献率

采用样方法和土地利用转移矩阵,以贵州省西南部的晴隆县为研究区域,研究了典型喀斯特峡谷区不同土地利用类型在1988、1999和2009年的碳储量空间格局和演变过程,并由此估算了贵州省喀斯特峡谷区的碳储量及贡献率。结果表明：晴隆县喀斯特区域的碳储量和平均碳密度呈先减少后增加的趋势。由晴隆县不同情况下的碳储量比例关系,估算出贵州省喀斯特峡谷区碳储量的实际值为42.55 Tg。同时,研究结果表明人类活动对碳储量的空间格局和演变有很大的影响。此外,估算的贵州省喀斯特峡谷区生态系统的平均碳密度远高于中国陆地生态系统的平均值,土壤平均碳密度则接近全国陆地生态系统平均值,但其植被平均碳密度却远高于全国陆地生态系统平均值,与全国森林系统的植被平均碳密度持平。这说明喀斯特峡谷区具有极大的固碳潜力,对其进行石漠化防治,是极其必要的。     

高原咸水湖水面蒸发估算——以兹格塘错为例

根据兹格塘错流域附近气象站（安多,那曲和班戈）的器测资料和那曲站的实测辐射资料,对兹格塘错水面蒸发进行了估算,结果表明,兹格塘错多年平均（1958－1998年）蒸发量为925．1mm,在估算的41年中,最高的为1111．5mm(1975年）,最低的仅791．9mm(1983年）,5年滑动平均结果揭示,近40年来兹格塘错蒸发存在波动变化,基本上由2个峰值期（1970－1980年和1993－1998年）,1 个下降期（1975－1980年）和2个相对平衡期组成,且总体上呈上升趋势。     

山东荣成湾月湖地区的潟湖-潮汐汊道体系

泻湖－潮汐汊道体系为一复杂的反馈体系,其中任一参数的改变即可导致整个体系的复杂反映。以月湖为例探讨了泻湖地貌演化的过各,及人工作用泻湖各主要参数的变化规律;提出了月湖目前由于人工署堵特别是残余坝基对潮流的限制作用,致使Ｐ／Ａ值较高而饱满系数Ｋ值偏代,泻湖－潮汐汊道体系稳定性较差的问题。     

The sedimentary characteristics and formation mechanism of shell ridges along the southwest coast of Bohai Bay

The present paper studies the sedimentary characteristics and mechanism of the shell ridges on the southwestern coast of Bohai Bay, which are the largest and have the highest shell (or shell fragment) content in the world. These shell ridges are composed of two sedimentary subfacies: the ridge subfacies and the ridge infill subfacies with different inner textures and sedimentary structures. The ridge subfacies primarily consists of fresh shells and/or shell fragments with parallel beddings and high-angle oblique beddings. The ridge infill subfacies consists of finer shell fragments and silty sand with parallel beddings oblique to land. The evolution of the shell ridge is controlled by the accumulation of substantial shell material,the relative slow erosion of shoreline, storm waves, winds and the shift of river routes. Wind tunnel tests indicate that the critical movement velocity of shell is lower than that of quartz sand of the same grain size. Deltaic progradation alternates with shell ridge growth. While the Yellow River empties into the sea through this area, accompanied by deltaic progradating, the shell material is scarce, which is unfavorable to the growth of the shell ridge. Conversely, erosion occurs along an abandoned delta coast where a shell ridge may develop, e.g. the shell ridge on the southwest of Bohai Bay.     

近60年洞庭湖水位演变态势研究

辨析洞庭湖历史水位演变态势对保护湖泊生态系统健康运转以及确保长江中下游防洪安全和水资源利用均至关重要。为了定量评估洞庭湖近60年来水位变化特征、程度及规律,基于洞庭湖鹿角、杨柳潭和南咀水文站1961—2020年逐日水位监测数据,应用Mann-Kendall检验法、小波分析法、累积距平法、滑动t检验法等方法对洞庭湖水位变化趋势性、周期性、突变性进行分析,进而采用IHA-RVA法综合评价洞庭湖突变年前后各站点水位改变度和整体水位改变度。研究结果表明:(1) 1961—2020年,鹿角站和杨柳潭站年均水位呈上升趋势,南咀站年均水位呈下降趋势;3个站点水位周期性变化较为明显,呈现4～5个时间尺度的周期变化规律,第一主周期为55～56年;鹿角站水位突变年份为1979、2003年,杨柳潭站水位突变年份为1978、2003年,南咀站水位突变年份为2003年,综合确定2003年为3个站点突变年份。(2)通过分析突变前后3个站点的水位、时间、频率、延时和改变率5组32个水位指标改变度,发现杨柳潭站水位改变度大于鹿角站和南咀站,鹿角、杨柳潭、南咀站的整体水位改变度分别为43%、48%、42%,均属于中度改...