Acidity of Aerosols during Winter Heavy Haze Events in Beijing and Gucheng,China

We investigated the acidity and concentrations of water-soluble ions in PM_(2.5) aerosol samples collected from an urban site in Beijing and a rural site in Gucheng, Hebei Province from November 2016 to January 2017 to gain an insight into the formation of secondary inorganic species. The average SO_4~(2–), NO_3~–, and NH_4~+ concentrations were 8.3,12.5, and 14.1 μg m~(–3), respectively, at the urban site and 14.0, 14.2, and 24.2 μg m~(–3), respectively, at the rural site.The nitrogen and sulfur oxidation ratios in urban Beijing were correlated with relative humidity(with correlation coefficient r = 0.79 and 0.67, respectively) and the aerosol loadings. Based on a parameterization model, we found that the rate constant of the heterogeneous reactions for SO_2 on polluted days was about 10 times higher than that on clear days, suggesting that the heterogeneous reactions in the aerosol water played an essential role in haze events.The ISORROPIA II model was used to predict the aerosol pH, which had a mean(range) of 5.0(4.9–5.2) and 5.3(4.6–6.3) at the urban and rural site, respectively. Under the conditions with this predicted pH value, oxidation by dissolved NO_2 and the hydrolysis of N_2O_5 may be the major heterogeneous reactions forming SO_4~(2–) and NO_3~– in haze.We also analyzed the sensitivity of the aerosol p H to changes in the concentrations of SO_4~(2–), NO_3~–, and NH_4~+ under haze conditions. The aerosol p H was more sensitive to the SO_4~(2–) and NH_4~+ concentrations with opposing trends, than to the NO_3~– concentrations. The sensitivity of the p H was relatively weak overall, which was attributed to the buffering effect of NH_3 partitioning.     

Response of evapotranspiration and water availability to the changing climate in Northern Eurasia

We introduce a probabilistic framework for vulnerability analysis and use it to quantify current and future vulnerability of the US water supply system. We also determine the contributions of hydro-climatic and socio-economic drivers to the changes in projected vulnerability. For all scenarios and global climate models examined, the US Southwest including California and the southern Great Plains was consistently found to be the most vulnerable. For most of the US, the largest contributions to changes in vulnerability come from changes in supply. However, for some areas of the West changes in vulnerability are caused mainly by changes in demand. These changes in supply and demand result mainly from changes in evapotranspiration rather than from changes in precipitation. Importantly, changes in vulnerability from projected changes in the standard deviations of precipitation and evapotranspiration are of about the same magnitude or larger than those from changes in the corresponding means over most of the US, except in large areas of the Great Plains, in central California and southern and central Texas.     

基于PS-InSAR的输电塔结构及沿线地质监测技术

我国电力建设发展迅速,电力输送设施建设通常会跨越恶劣地质条件区域,这些区域易发生地质灾害,从而引起输电铁塔基础结构产生形变,严重威胁高压输电线路的运行安全.本文使用合成孔径雷达影像,应用永久散射体差分干涉测量(PS-InSAR)技术对高压输电塔结构及其沿线地表进行形变监测.使用相干系数阈值法来确定研究区域的永久散射体点...     

地震计远程监控功能接口的实现

提出了一种适用于地震计远程监控功能接口的实现方式,扩充了地震数据采集器的应用。     

联合战役地形分析

首次提出联合战役地形分析的概念,并分析了联合战役地形分析应用的主要时机和要求。论述确定地形分析基本任务的逻辑关系,并分别研究了联合战役地形分析各基本内容的概念与分析方法。     

基于地理探测器的合肥市热岛效应影响因素分析

地表温度是城市热岛效应的重要指标。本文利用合肥市2018年4月10日的Landsat-8 OLI影像数据,经过预处理后,采用大气校正法反演地表辐射温度,并提取研究区域的归一化差分植被指数(NDVI)、归一化差分水体指数(NDWI)。通过地理探测器模型,探测地表温度和海拔、NDVI、NDWI等因子之间的影响关系。结果表明：合肥市存在热岛效应。通过分析地理探测器模型的探测结果可知：从单一因子探测角度分析,影响合肥市地表温度的主导因子为NDVI和NDWI;从两因子交互作用影响角度分析,NDVI对因子交互作用的影响最强。研究结果有利于分析合肥市热岛效应的影响因素,为城市规划、生态环境保护提供科学依据。     

小波分析在高边坡水平位移异常值探测中的应用研究

在测量工作中由于仪器误差等因素引起的粗差不可避免,针对粗差会导致数据中出现异常值这一问题^[1],本文以某一高边坡为研究对象,通过小波分析方法,利用MATLAB软件中的小波工具箱对某一高边坡水平位移监测成果进行异常值的探测。研究结果表明：针对某一高边坡的模拟增加粗差,进一步用小波分析方法对异常值探测,通过原始信号的差分信号可以看到剧烈波动点,有效地完成了对水平位移异常值的探测。     

区域地质图空间数据库建设技术方法及操作技巧

区域地质图空间数据库建设是地质调查成果数字化、信息化及数字国土工程的重要组成部分,为我国基础经济建设提供重要的数据支撑.以1：25万铁岭幅地质图空间数据库建设为例,对空间数据库建设标准及模型进行了阐述,并总结了地质图空间数据库的建设流程以及在属性操作过程中的一些技巧,以此为利用RGMAP系统建立数据库提供借鉴.     

Electrical resistivity imaging for the characterization of the Montaguto landslide (southern Italy)

Long runout landslides involve a massive amount of energy and can be extremely hazardous owing to their long movement distance, high mobility and strong destructive power. Numerical methods have been widely used to predict the landslide runout but a fundamental problem remained is how to determine the reliable numerical parameters. This study proposes a framework to predict the runout of potential landslides through multi-source data collaboration and numerical analysis of historical landslide events. Specifically, for the historical landslide cases, the landslide-induced seismic signal, geophysical surveys, and possible in-situ drone/phone videos (multi-source data collaboration) can validate the numerical results in terms of landslide dynamics and deposit features and help calibrate the numerical (rheological) parameters. Subsequently, the calibrated numerical parameters can be used to numerically predict the runout of potential landslides in the region with a similar geological setting to the recorded events. Application of the runout prediction approach to the 2020 Jiashanying landslide in Guizhou, China gives reasonable results in comparison to the field observations. The numerical parameters are determined from the multi-source data collaboration analysis of a historical case in the region (2019 Shuicheng landslide). The proposed framework for landslide runout prediction can be of great utility for landslide risk assessment and disaster reduction in mountainous regions worldwide.     

辽宁省东沟平原的演化与砂金成矿关系探讨

辽东半岛自晚白垩世以来,长期处于抬升剥蚀阶段,地形向准平原化,自晚更新世起发生多次海侵、海退作用,在黄海沿岸形成断续的滨海平原;数个滨海平原中以东沟滨海平原准平原化最好。其第四纪沉积物最全,厚度大,砂金成矿条件最好,对辽东半岛黄海沿岸砂金的供源条件、成矿环境的研究,并与国外特大型滨海砂金矿床的成矿地质条件对比认为,东沟滨海平原具有形成大型特大型滨海砂金矿床的成矿地质条件,此外,东沟平原从丘陵到浅海具有沟谷砂金、河床砂金、滨海砂金、浅海砂金的成矿条件,砂金潜在远景较大。