Differential transgression of rift basin and characteristic response of sedimentary system within sequence framework: An example from the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Baxian sag,Bohai Bay Basin

Multi-stage differential transgression controls sequence architecture and its sedimentary type and distribution during the tectonic evolution of lacustrine rift basin. Combined with the seismic data of the Baxian sag as well as drilling,logging,core and paleontological materials from 800 exploration wells,the study targeted the Members 1 and 3 of the Shahejie Formation to analyze sequence architecture and sedimentological difference within the sequence framework during the differential lake transgression,based on the investigation of the Paleogene lake basin evolution. The results showed that the fault slope-break slope architecture was well developed with back-stepping deltas and fan deltas during the slow lake transgression of the Member 3 of Shahejie Formation,in which forms thick high quality source rocks. The flexural-gentle slope architecture was well developed with mixed beach bar and small scale nearshore subaqueous fans(fan deltas)during the rapid transgression of the Member 1 of Shahejie Formation. The differential subsidence controlled the sequence architecture,paleogeomorphology and provenance supply,regulating the spatial lithological distribution. And there are significant differences in sequence architecture and sedimentary system during the different evolution stages of the lake basin. On this basis,the response model of sedimentary system characteristics under differential lacustrine transgression is established,which can be used for reference for oil and gas exploration,especially for lithologic oil and gas reservoir in the same type of basin.     

Forced regression and its sedimentary response to continental lacustrine rift basin: A case of the Member 3 of Shahejie Formation in Laizhouwan sag,Bohai Bay Basin

Falling stage systems tract(FSST)is an offlap strata with strong relationship with hydrocarbon exploration,which is driven by relative lake-level fall and developed above the highstand systems tract and below the lowstand systems tract of a new sequence. It has no relationship with sediment supply. Based on the theory of sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology,3D seismic data,drilling core data,and well-logging data were comprehensively analyzed. The study showed that the FSST strata was formed in the Member 3 of Shahejie Formation in the Laizhouwan sag. The FSST can be divided into three units,namely as units P1,P2,and P3 from bottom to top. The P1 is the first unit of progradation downlap the bottom of the FSST. The top of the unit P3 is a sequence boundary exhibits subaerial unconformity. The seismic profile along the source direction is characterized by the low-angle oblique progradation reflection that downstream the center of lake basin from west to east. Incised valleys developed on the top of the FSST perpendicular to the source direction. Gamma-ray logging response is manifested by a series of funnel-shaped complex,indicating that the sedimentary response of the FSST was a cycle of coarsening-upward parasequence sets. Comprehensive studies on core interpretation and well-logging analysis showed that the FSST was a fluvial-delta sedimentary system with slumped fan deposits associated with the delta front. Consequently,the FSST is a common result of relative dry climate and falling of lake level,considering regional tectonic evolution,sediment supply,and paleo-climate change. The discovery of the FSST in the Laizhouwan sag has an important geological significance for the sedimentological interpretation,and it offers a guidance for further oil exploration in the study area. In addition,it also serves as a significant reference for future research on the FSST development and exploration in the continental lacustrine rift basin.     

Key signatures of turbidite and sandy debris and core examples in Liaohe Basin

Gravity flow is a widely-distributed fluid type in nature. Various classification schemes of gravity flow are proposed by different researchers from different viewpoints. The scheme of turbidity flow and debris flow is adopted in this paper. The sedimentary characteristics of turbidite and sandy debrite are summarized and discussed to clarify most typical facies marks of these two rock types. The study shows that turbidite and sandy debris can be identified by the following typical characteristics during the outcrop and core observation: If the graded bedding is developed in sandstone,it should be identified as turbidite;if the muddy rip-up clast or no bedding structure(massive sandstone)is developed in sandstone,it should be identified as sandy debris. These characteristics are the most reliable signatures to distinguish turbidite and sandy debris. In addition,some other sedimentary structures such as deformation bedding,climbing ripple cross bedding,wavy bedding,parallel bedding,scouring surface,lithologic abrupt interface,and flute cast also have certain indicative significance. It is necessary to make a comprehensive judgment based on the sedimentary background,vertical combination of lithofacies,geophysics and other materials when these characteristics are presented in the study.     

大兴安岭北部森林覆盖区植物化探找矿方法的新思路

大兴安岭北部森林覆盖区内白桦、落叶松分布广泛。以白桦、落叶松作为植物化探的主要研究对象具有可操作性和可推广性.植物的外皮、落叶是植物化探研究的首选.落叶松、白桦树叶的采集时间应在9月份叶落后不久,采样间距可在100~600m之间.松树、白桦树皮的采样时间集中在6月和9月两个阶段,采样间距在10~200m之间,采集的树皮距地约0.2m.建议采用干灰化法,最佳的灰化温度在450℃左右     

成矿系统的结构与聚矿功能

成矿系统结构对成矿动力学条件的约束与促进,引起系统固有聚矿功能的巨大变异。成矿系统动力学包括：系统运转的动力组合、系统物质运动总方向和轨迹、矿质活动空间规模形态及单位空间中成矿微过程的频度。系统结构定性分析表明：系统结构的完善程度和成矿动力学条件的优劣与系统聚矿功能的强度正相关。系统结构完善程度可由结构紧致度（Ｉ）表征,系统聚矿功能可用标准富集量（Ｑｓ）反映,它是矿床储量（Ｑ０）经成矿难度系数（Ｃ）变换的归一化指标。经结构定性半定量分析,对成矿系统聚矿功能作出初步排序,具强烈非线性成矿特征的花岗岩浆成矿系统和环流热液成矿系统的聚矿功能最高     

巧用SURFER绘制二维、三维物化探实用图件

介绍了使用比较普遍的ＳＵＲＦＥＲ 软件的潜在功能及使用技巧。通过功能组合和巧取绘图参数等方法, 能绘制出一些别致的物化探实用图件, 较好地满足多种行业对图件的一些特殊要求。     

皖南青阳及周边地区农业地质背景

根据农业上的应用需求,对皖南青阳及周边地区区域农业地质背景（包括区域地貌背景、地层和岩浆岩背景、地质构造和地球化学背景）进行了综合研究,并以此总结提出区域农业发展的地质制约因素和有利条件以及应该注意的地化因素的潜在影响。     

溃屈型滑坡稳定性分析中三个问题的探讨

针对溃屈型滑坡稳定性分析中的三个问题,即滑带土强度参数的分段取值,顺层段与切层段分界点和水的作用,逐一进行初步探讨。     

记甘肃华池的一件空棘鱼类化石

本文记述了一件产自甘肃华池晚三叠世的空棘鱼类化石,并讨论了陕甘宁盆地中生代早,中期一些含鱼沉积的海相成因及可能与油气生成的关系。     

Isotopic constraints on the Easter Seamount Chain source

New isotopic data (Sr, Nd and Pb) for lavas from Easter and Salas y Gomez Islands, and nine seamounts along the length of the Easter Seamount Chain (ESC) to the east of these islands, exhibit a regular behavior that is consistent with two-component mixing between a MORB-like source and more enriched mantle (the Easter Plume source) characterized by relatively radiogenic Pb and unradiogenic Sr. Based on the linearity of mixing trends on the isotope diagrams, the plume source appears to have maintained approximately the same isotopic composition over the 20 to 30 Ma history of the Easter Plume sampled by the seamounts. In current nomenclature, the plume source resembles a mix of predominantly HIMU mantle with a small amount of EMI. The proportions of MORB and plume source mantle sampled by the lavas erupted along the ESC vary in a systematic way, with Easter Island and seamounts to the west containing larger fractions of the MORB component than Salas y Gomez Island and the older seamounts to the east. This variability is probably a reflection of the nearness to the spreading center, and therefore lithospheric thickness, at the time of volcanism Received: 27 April 1998 / Accepted: 11 December 1998