青田山口叶蜡石传压介质初步研究

采用青田山口叶蜡石作为超高压高温合成金刚石的传压介质，分析了其主要化学成分和矿物组成。对青田山叶蜡石粉压块粒度效应进行了研究，确定了该传压介质的粒度组成。超高压高温人造金刚石试验表明，青田山口叶蜡石的传压介质理想，金刚石合成效果较好。     

长江口深水航道治理工程综述

文章概要地介绍长江口深水航道治理工程的规划、勘察、设计和施工情况，对整治方案及主要岩土工程问题略作讨论。     

“十五”期间我省地震分析预报数据库建设展望

本文阐述了地震分析预报数据库在地震中短期预报系统中的重要性 ,同时具体提出建立该数据库系统所用的方法和技术途径 ,并给出预期的成果。另外 ,本文还介绍了建立该数据库系统的有利条件极其存在的困难 ,并对解决困难提出了建议。     

西扬子大陆区泥盆纪沉积演化与成矿

西扬子大陆区泥盆系因有丰富的矿产资源一直为地学界所关注.在泥盆纪盆地演化中,地质事件与成矿关系极为密切.盆地沉积类型有台地型和海槽型两种.台地型泥盆系在沉积建造、生物群落、地质事件及沉积矿产等多方面均能与中、下扬子区相对比,故归属南方区扬子型泥盆系;海槽型泥盆系与台地型泥盆系在时空上均紧密衔接,但成矿作用有明显差别.海槽型泥盆系多产出层控型金和多金属矿床,台地型则以沉积矿床为主.     

新疆吐-哈盆地三叠系和侏罗系含油砂体的形成条件

吐-哈盆地是位于天山造山带内的具复杂演化历史的中新生代叠合盆地,是典型的煤成烃陆相含油气盆地。盆地南带的前侏罗系 (三叠系 )油气藏其含油砂体的形成明显受沉积相、高地温和印支运动的影响,分布于盆地南部的扇三角洲砂体裙在印支运动中由于地层抬升而处于与盆地北部生烃中心接触良好的位置,并且具备了产生次生孔隙的动力学基础,从而及时接受了由于岩浆体热和印支构造热事件提供的热所形成的早成熟油,形成了该盆地第一套优质储油砂体。盆地北带的侏罗系油气藏其含油砂体以南物源辫状河三角洲相为主,次为北物源扇三角洲相,具有砂体层数多、上下叠置性强、原始物性好、与多层煤系烃源岩互层、烃类向南运移距离短的特点,形成以中侏罗统西山窑组、三间房组和七克台组为基础的第二、三、四套优质储油砂体。     

从旋回层序的特征论地层记录的两种相变面及两种穿时性

地层记录具四大特性 :“复杂性、非渐变性、不完整性、旋回性”。旋回性地层记录的研究 ,即“不同级别旋回层序及其有序叠加形式”的研究是从复杂而不完整的地层记录中寻找更多的规律性的有效途径之一。异成因旋回层序的两大特征——“空间上相序的有序性及时间上环境变化的同步性”,说明了地层记录中的两种相变面——“静态相变面及动态相变面”以及与之相关的两种穿时性——“相变面穿时及间断面穿时”的普遍性 ,这是地层记录的复杂性的又一重要体现。两种相变面及两种穿时性 ,是地层堆积作用过程中沉积环境的空间相变及时间相变共同作用的结果 ,它们是正确建立时代—岩石格架 ,研究事件对岩石形成影响的基本要素     

三维相干切片断层多边形检测

作者在本文中将三维切片视为二维图像，利用图像边缘检测技术，检测出相干切片上断层多边形，并将其直接投影到测网底图上，用于构造成图。该项技术不仅提高了用相干切片解释断层的精度，而且提高了断层解释效率，使相干数据体技术在三维解释中的作用得到更大的发挥。实际应用表明，三维相干切片断层多边形检测技术，是全三维高精度解释的有力工具，提高了解释效率，缩短了解释周期。     

Study on the relationship between geothermal exploitation and seismic activity in Xi’an region

Based on the analysis of the induced earthquakes in China and abroad, we get some ideas about earthquakes induced by pumping water out of a well or injecting water into a well. The induced earthquakes usually occur near the well, and they are generally small earthquakes. The earthquake sources are shallow, and they belong to the main shock-after shock type of earthquake or the swarm-type of earthquake. The magnitude and the quantity of the induced earthquakes obviously depend on the pressure and the quantity of water pumped or injected. These earthquakes happen as soon as pumping or injecting occurrence, or after ten or twenty days, they may occur at the time of injecting mud or injecting high pressure water when a well is being drilled, or at the time when the ground water is being normally exploited. A large quantity of hot water has been exploited since 1990 in Xi’an, and the quantity of water exploited has been increasing year by year, as a result the groundwater level has been dropping with the water pumped out and the water level is high in summer and low in winter. The earthquakes in Xi’an region belong to the solitary-type and they spread outside Xi’an city where the wells are concentrated but no earthquake happens. The seismic frequency and the energy released have no relation with the quantity of water exploitation or the water level in the well. It is considered that geothermal exploitation does not induce earthquakes in and around Xi’an because of its specially geological condition. Foundation item: Project sponsored by the Landslide Office of Shaanxi Province and Society of Disaster Reduction of Shaanxi Province.     

Investigation of rupture process of the 1999 M =5.4 Xiuyan, Liaoning, earthquake sequence

Conclusions The sequence of the November 29, 1999 Xiuyan, Liaoning, earthquake withM _S=5.4 is relocated, and its rupture process is analyzed. Results are as follows: The rupture extended mainly before the January 12, 2000,M _S=5.1 earthquake. There are two phases of rupture extending: The first phase was before the November 29, 1999,M _S=5.4 earthquake, epicenters were situated within a small region with a dimension of about 5 km, and the focal depth increased. It shows that the rupture mainly extended from shallow part to deep in the vertical direction. The second phase was between theM _S=5.4 earthquake and theM _S=5.1 earthquake, earthquakes migrated along southeast, the focal depth decreased. It indicates that the rupture extended along southeast and from deep to shallow part. Foundation item: The Project of “Mechanism and Prediction of the Strong Continental Earthquake” (95-13-05-04). Contribution No. 01FE2017, Institute of Geophysics, China Seismological Bureau.     

Geochemical Characteristics of Different Kinds of Crude Oils in the Tarim Basin,Northwest China

Based on the compositions and distributions of biomarkers in thirty-five representative oil samples, oils from the Tarim Basin of northwestern China are mainly divided into two oil families. One oil family contains relatively low amounts of C₁₅-C₂₀ isoprenoid hydrocarbons and shows pristane predominance with Pr/Ph ratios ranging from 1.50 to 3.00. The GC/MS analytical data of these oils show the occurrence of abundant hopanes, and low concentrations of steranes and tricyclic terpanes with hopanes/steranes ratios from 6.25 to 12.24 and tricyclic terpanes/hopanes ratios from 0.03 to 0.24. These oils contain low drimane relative to homodrimane (C₁₅/C₁₆ < 1.0) and abundant rearranged bicyclanes in bicyclic sesquiterpanes. They are dominated by low carbon number (C₁₉-C₂₁) compounds in the tricyclic terpanes, and are rich in rearranged hopanes, C₂₉Ts and an unknown C₃₀ compound in pentacyclic triterpanes. These geochemical characteristics suggest that the oils were generated mainly from terrigenous organic matter. The other oil family shows remarkably different biomarker compositions and distributions. The oils revealed Pr/Ph ratios of about 1.0, high drimane/homodrimane ratios (>1.0), low hopanes/steranes ratios (0.65–2.50), high tricyclic terpanes/hopanes ratios (0.30–2.00) and a dominant peak at C₂₃ in tricyclic tepanes, suggesting a marine organic origin. Oil-source rock correlation indicates that these two oil families seem to have been derived from Mesozoic Jurassic-Triassic terrestrial source rocks (shales and coal seams) and Lower Paleozoic Ordovician-Cambrian marine source rocks, respectively.