Cultivated land change in the Belt and Road Initiative region

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)–a development strategy proposed by China – provides unprecedented opportunities for multi-dimensional communication and cooperation across Asia, Africa and Europe. In this study, we analyse the spatio-temporal changes in cultivated land in the BRI countries (64 in total) to better understand the land use status of China along with its periphery for targeting specific collaboration. We apply FAO statistics and GlobeLand30 (the world’s finest land cover data at a 30-m resolution), and develop three indicator groups (namely quantity, conversion, and utilization degree) for the analysis. The results show that cultivated land area in the BRI region increased 3.73×10⁴ km² between 2000 and 2010. The increased cultivated land was mainly found in Central and Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia, while the decreased cultivated land was mostly concentrated in China. Russia ranks first with an increase of 1.59×10⁴ km² cultivated land area, followed by Hungary (0.66×10⁴ km²) and India (0.57×104 km2). China decreased 1.95×10⁴ km² cultivated land area, followed by Bangladesh (–0.22×10⁴ km²) and Thailand (–0.22×10⁴ km²). Cultivated land was mainly transferred to/from forest, grassland, artificial surfaces and bare land, and transfer types in different regions have different characteristics: while large amount of cultivated land in China was converted to artificial surfaces, considerable forest was converted to cultivated land in Southeast Asia. The increase of multi-cropping index dominated the region except the Central and Eastern Europe, while the increase of fragmentation index was prevailing in the region except for a few South Asian countries. Our results indicate that the negative consequence of cultivated land loss in China might be underestimated by the domestic- focused studies, as none of its close neighbours experienced such obvious cultivated land losses. Nevertheless, the increased cultivated land area in Southeast Asia and the extensive cultivated land use in Ukraine and Russia imply that the regional food production would be greatly improved if China’ “Go Out policy” would help those countries to intensify their cultivated land use.     

豫西前寒武纪汝阳群遗迹化石

本文研究的遗迹化石：Ｒｕｙａｎｇｉｃｈｎｕｓ ｌｏｙｕｅｎｓｉｓ ｉｃｈｎｏｇｅｎ，ｅｔ ｉｃｈｎｏｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．，Ｔｏｒｒｏｗａｎｇｅａ ｒｏｓｅｉ ｗｅｂｂｙ，Ｃｈａｎｇｃｈｅｎｇｉａ ｉｃｈｎｏｓｐ．，Ｓｑｕａｍｏｄｉｃｔ ｙｏｎ（？）ｉｃｈｎｏｓｐ．等发现于河南西部鲁山县和汝阳县的汝阳群云梦山组和北大尖组。根据同位素年龄值，微古植物和叠层石资料，产遗迹化石的汝阳群应相当于中元古代，可以和蓟     

深水碳酸盐岩沉积体系与储层发育控制因素 ——以中东H油田白垩系Khasib组为例

深水碳酸盐岩是有利的油气储集岩,中东地区上白垩统Khasib组缓坡型深水碳酸盐岩是重要的产油层系.伊拉克H油田Khasib组储层非均质性较强,储层发育特征及控制因素、油气分布规律不清,制约了选区评价及勘探部署.在区域地质调研的基础上,基于岩心、薄片和测井资料,对H油田Khasib组岩相、沉积微相和沉积模式、储层发育控制...     

甚宽频带地震计频域标定的噪声数据处理方法

分析了频域标定中的噪声及传统数据处理方法，提出数据处理的本质是噪声处理的观点，探讨了不同噪声的不同处理方法，详细研究了长周期非线性漂移的噪声处理方法，有效地提高了频域标定精度。     

监测网优化设计的必要性及内容

本文详细分析了监测网优化设计的必要性，并针对监测网的特点，叙述了监测网设计的有关问题。     

Production and Certification of Synthetic Selenium Isotopic Reference Materials

Due to intensive research into selenium isotopes in recent years, the increasing requirement for reliable and comparable measurement results has created a strong demand for selenium isotopic certified reference materials (iCRM) that were previously not available. To address this, eleven selenium iCRMs were developed, including ten synthetic iCRMs (GBW 04447–GBW 04456) and one natural iCRM (GBW 04457). The synthetic iCRMs were prepared with ⁷⁶Se, ⁷⁸Se, ⁸⁰Se and ⁸²Se solutions and a natural selenium solution; the natural iCRM was prepared with highly pure selenium material. The property values of isotope ratios in these iCRMs were certified by calibrated mass spectrometry with a collision cell multi‐collector ICP‐MS. The mass discrimination effect of the instrument was corrected with corresponding ⁷⁸Se/⁷⁶Se isotope mixtures and ⁸²Se/⁷⁶Se isotope mixtures, which were gravimetrically prepared with purified, isotopically enriched selenium materials. Homogeneity and stability tests were performed, and no significant influences were found. The uncertainty of the property values of the iCRMs was evaluated according to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) of ISO/BIPM and ISO Guide 35. The δ^82/76Se value of GBW 04457 relative to NIST SRM 3149 was also calculated. These iCRMs are intended for use in calibration of instruments and evaluation of methods for the determination of selenium isotope ratios.     

青藏高原及其邻近地区的地球物理场特征与大陆板块构造

本文搜集了现在已知的关于青藏高原地区的各种地球物理场特征,即:该区的地壳与上地幔构造,地磁场要素的分布,航空磁测的结果,古地磁极移轨迹,重力异常与均衡补偿,地热活动与温泉分布,地震活动以及深地震探测等研究结果,来探讨它与大陆板块构造的关系。 研究的初步结果表明,印度洋板块与欧亚板块交接地带的北界为雅鲁藏布江,南界为恒河平原的北缘。喜马拉雅地带为这两大板块碰撞与挤压的过渡带,其宽度约300公里左右。这一地带的大、小地震绝大部分是浅源地震,只在弧形山系和东西弧顶及其转折部位有中源地震。在这一过渡带内水热活动剧烈,重力也不均衡。 雅鲁藏布江以北到当雄一带,地壳厚度为70—73公里,喜马拉雅地区则为68—45公里左右,并向南翘起。地壳由多层介质组成,在下地壳中存在着低速层。断层面解表现为向南逆冲,主压应力轴基本上为南北向和北东向,且与震源深度相关。现在构造活动与地震活动似均逐渐向南移到主边界大断层一带。 在雅鲁藏布江以北,小震震源深度向南递加,而在恒河平原以北,则向北递加。此外,在上述两个地区均有零星的中源地震发生。因此,喜马拉雅地带的南北两侧有相向“俯冲”之势。在兴都库什地区,中源地震震源面北倾;在帕米尔地带,中源地震震源面南倾。因此,震源面构成了“V”字     

Advances in the Research of Impact of Decadal Solar Cycle on Modern Climate

Role of solar activity on modern climate change, particularly in the decadal scale is an important scientific issue. This paper reviews the recent observation of decadal solar signal in earth’s climate, with focus on the mechanism of solar radiation, ultraviolet radiation and cosmic rays on climate system ,and its validation. The paper points out that the assessment of uncertainty in observations, amplification process of the climate system, as well as possible future impact of solar extreme events are challenges in the present study. Finally, the keys of breakthrough are pointed, to provide a reference for future research.     

Seasonal variability of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in a wetland system of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,southwest China: a quantitative assessment of groundwater inflow fluxes

The Caohai Wetland serves as an important ecosystem on the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau and as a nationally important nature reserve for migratory birds in China. In this study, surface water, groundwater and wetland water were collected for the measurement of environmental isotopes to reveal the seasonal variability of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes (δ¹⁸O, δD), sources of water, and groundwater inflow fluxes. Results showed that surface water and groundwater are of meteoric origin. The isotopes in samples of wetland water were well mixed vertically in seasons of both high-flow (September) and low-flow (April); however, marked seasonal and spatial variations were observed. During the high-flow season, the isotopic composition in surface wetland water varied from ?97.13 to ?41.73‰ for δD and from ?13.17 to ?4.70‰ for δ¹⁸O. The composition of stable isotopes in the eastern region of this wetland was lower than in the western region. These may have been influenced by uneven evaporation caused by the distribution of aquatic vegetation. During the low-flow season, δD and δ¹⁸O in the more open water with dead aquatic vegetation ranged from ?37.11 to ?11.77‰, and from ?4.25 to ?0.08‰, respectively. This may result from high evaporation rates in this season with the lowest atmospheric humidity. Groundwater fluxes were calculated by mass transfer and isotope mass balance approaches, suggesting that the water sources of the Caohai Wetland were mainly from groundwater in the high-flow season, while the groundwater has a smaller contribution to wetland water during the low-flow season.