邵阳地区不同压实度的膨胀土抗剪强度特性研究

膨胀土路基的稳定性与其抗剪强度密切相关,通过直剪试验研究不同压实度膨胀土抗剪强度变化规律。试验结果表明,膨胀土粘聚力和内摩擦角均随压实度的增加而增加,近似线性变化。正应力和压实度与抗剪强度成正相关。对于相同的压实度,在正应力较小时表现为应变软化,正应力较大时表现为应变硬化。在确定抗剪强度设计值时,建议对于软化型曲线,其抗剪强度可取残余强度作为设计强度;对于硬化型曲线,可取曲线曲率明显变化点或剪切位移为1.0~1.5 mm对应的剪应力作为膨胀土抗剪强度设计值。     

星际甲醇（CH3OH）脉泽

简要综述了近年来对于星际ＣＨ３ＯＨ脉泽的观测和研究成果，对ＣＨ３ＯＨ脉泽的性质从分类，生成区域及分布，辐射特性，运动状况等方面做了介绍，并阐明了理论上对其时变特性，激发机制及河外脉泽的探讨，最后对两种类型的ＣＨ３ＯＨ脉泽作了对比和讨论。     

基于自组织理论的旅游产业结构协调发展研究

旅游产业结构是一个不断发展的动态系统结构,旅游产业各部门的协调发展对地区旅游业的健康发展具有重大意义。文章将自组织理论引入到旅游产业结构研究中,分析了旅游产业结构系统的自组织性,构建以实现产业结构协调发展为目标的旅游产业自组织理论,探讨实现旅游产业结构自组织的途径,最终目标是建立以旅游业的食、住、行、游、购、娱等部门组成的耗散结构,进而实现旅游产业结构协调发展。     

巴丹吉林沙漠北缘拐子湖流沙下垫面近地层湍流强度和陆面过程特征

利用巴丹吉林沙漠北缘拐子湖流沙下垫面2013年7、10月和2014年1、4月的湍流通量资料,计算并分析了研究区近地层湍流强度,同时针对风速分量、温度、水汽和CO₂归一化标准差随稳定度的变化关系和总体输送系数等陆面过程特征进行分析。结果表明：（1）风速各分量的湍流强度均随风速的增加逐渐减小,风速处于2 m·s^-1以下时湍流发展最为旺盛。湍流强度主要由水平方向风速分量决定,垂直方向风速的作用较小,且近中性和不稳定层结利于湍流的发展。与其他地区相比,平坦且没有建筑物的沙漠地区,机械湍流较弱,湍流强度相应较小。（2）风速各分量的归一化标准差与稳定度（z/L）均满足1/3次方函数规律,其中垂直方向风速分量的拟合曲线方程较好。（3）动量输送系数C_d具有明显的夏季高、冬季低的变化状态且各月的日变化形态均呈夜间低、日间高的循环形态。热量输送系数C_h的不同月份日变化间并没有明显的排列次序,且日出日落前后具有明显的波动。不稳定层结时,C_d和C_h均随风速的增加逐渐减小;稳定层结时,C_d和C_h均随着风速的增加逐渐上升。     

基于矢量匹配-劳斯法的群桩阻抗改进模型

采用薄层法算出群桩基础的频域阻抗,将群桩阻抗等效于一个单输入单输出系统,并表示为一个复数的频域传递函数。基于矢量匹配法（VF法）,通过对传递函数拟合得到任意分层地基的群桩阻抗函数的集总参数形式。采用VF法对整体频域拟合,可以得到多项分式分式阻抗形式,进而扩展成为Wu-Lee模型。结果表明,VF法拟合得到的动力柔度函数可以精确地匹配分层地基动力柔度函数,由于多项分式的形式可以直接扩展成为Wu-Lee集总参数模型,且数值稳定。对于高频阻抗拟合需要采用高阶数,进行劳斯（Routh）降阶,得到较好的效果。     

天津市地震前兆台网的运行监控与维护管理

介绍天津市地震前兆台网的基本概况以及前兆台网部的职责任务;阐述仪器设备运行监控、观测数据质量监控的方式与方法;总结在仪器设备、技术系统维护过程中解决的一些关键技术问题;最后提出了关于仪器和软件系统的一些问题与建议。     

The Data Depth-weight-kernel Estimation of the Model Error of Satellite Orbit Determination

It is an objective fact that there exists error in the satellite dynamic model and it will be transferred to satellite orbit determination algorithm, forming a part of the connotative model error. Mixed with the systematic error and random error of the measurements, they form the unitive model error and badly restrict the precision of the orbit determination. We deduce in detail the equations of orbit improvement for a system with dynamic model error, construct the parametric model for the explicit part of the model and nonparametric model for the error that can not be explicitly described. We also construct the partially linear orbit determination model, estimate and fit the model error using a two-stage estimation and a kernel function estimation, and finally make the corresponding compensation in the orbit determination. Beginning from the data depth theory, a data depth weight kernel estimator for model error is proposed for the sake of promoting the steadiness of model error estimation. Simulation experiments of SBSS are performed. The results show clearly that the model error is one of the most important effects that will influence the precision of the orbit determination. The kernel function method can effectively estimate the model error, with the window width as a major restrict parameter. A data depth-weight-kernel estimation, however, can improve largely the robustness of the kernel function and therefore improve the precision of orbit determination.     

近年我国区域水文研究的若干进展

我国区域水文学的研究是在解放后其正发展起来的。尽管迄今人们对区域水文学仍有不同的认识,例如区域水文学是否可以与水文地理学等同,或是区域水文学是否应隶属于区域地理学等等,但是作为水文学的分支学科是无疑的。区域水文学从整体的观点来研究区域水文情势。区城可以是功能区,如城市、出口加工中心区等,或为自然景观区,如干旱区、喀斯特区等,也可以是行政区。目前,许多水文水利工作者已在致力于区域水文学的研究。     

NGC 7538—IRS1致密HⅡ区研究

本文在分析研究NGC7538-IRS1致密HⅡ区H_2CO和OH脉泽辐射VLBI观测结果的基础上,指出该HⅡ区合理的模型是:HⅡ区表面为厚的尘埃层包围,尘埃层两极已被突破,并形成双极流;HⅡ区外面有一个环形转动气体-尘埃云,存在由环向HⅡ区表面的物质下落;包括环和HⅡ区在内的整个系统视向速度为-61km/s,该系统居于视向速度为-57km/s的更大分子云中。H_2CO和OH脉泽发生在HⅡ区两极附近离HⅡ区表面小于0.2R_(HⅡ)的区域内。利用上述模型,还讨论了H_2O脉泽及其他分子吸收线和发射线的发生区域。     

Effects of grazing and climate change on species diversity in sandy grassland, Inner Mongolia, China

To understand the effects of animal grazing activities and climate change on sandy grassland vegetation in northern China, a field grazing and protected enclosure experiment was conducted from 1992 through 2006 in Horqin Sand Land, Inner Mongolia. The results showed that (1) the grazing was primary responsible for changes of the vegetation richness and diversity in the grazing grassland and that changing climate was the main reason for changes in the species richness and diversity in the grassland protected from grazing; (2) light and moderate grazing can promote restoration of the richness and the diversity in the degraded grassland, and heavy grazing could result in a decrease of the richness and diversity; (3) heavy grazing can result in significant decrease of the perennial diversity, and moderate and light grazing promotes increase of the perennial diversity; the grazing, whether heavy or moderate and light grazing, was beneficial to increase of the annual diversity; (4) heavy grazing was not beneficial to diversity of Graminean and Chenopodiaceae, and moderate and light grazing was favorable the diversity of Compositae and Chenopodiaceae; (5) the warm-humid climate was favorable to increase of the richness and the diversity, and the warm-drought climate could result in decease of the richness and the diversity; (6) increased precipitation was favorable to perennial diversity and the diversity of Graminean, Leguminosae, and Compositae, and decreased precipitation had few effects on the annual diversity and Chenopodiaceae diversity.