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论煤层的加积方式

煤层成因是煤地质学的核心。煤层是一种沉积地层,它遵循沉积学、地层学、岩石学以及矿床学的基本规律,也有其特殊性,其成因并不同于煤的成因。传统煤地质学的核心观点是煤层由泥炭沼泽演化而成,其本质就是成煤物质的垂向加积。通过对煤层垂向和侧向加积的分析对比以及大面积稳定展布的厚煤层低自然伽马多峰现象、层理与条带结构等沉积特征的研究,认为成煤物质是机械沉积的,煤层像大多数沉积岩层一样是侧向加积形成的。对于厚煤层而言,多期侧向加积产生了次生垂向加积,其形成过程不是一个简单的、连续的、线性的垂向累加过程,而是一个复杂的、不连续的、非线性的侧向叠合过程,成煤物质是不连续的、多期多源的,厚煤层中普遍存在的夹矸便是其不连续的证据,同时厚煤层是穿时的。煤层侧向加积与较深水或海相沉积共生,是一个有机连续的整体,符合瓦尔特相律和古生态学原理,符合煤层厚度、形态多变及下伏地层沉积体系多种多样,也符合成煤物质超巨量工业富集、含煤地层灰色灰黑色、煤矿床质量优良的事实。     

地磁干扰噪声的实验观测

为探查1988年3月前后在北京地磁台附近出现的较明显的地磁干扰噪声,我们在苏家坨—卧龙岗一带布设了8个测点,开展了专门的地磁干扰噪声实验观测。结果表明,该地磁干扰噪声主要是来自香山一带的电磁干扰,其次是北京市的地铁干扰。此地磁干扰噪声出现于每天06~h—23~h(北京时),其主要频谱成分在短周期(T=2—4 m)部分。另外本文的观测研究方法对于监测地磁台站(测点)的环境状况,改正受污染的地磁资料等方面具有实际应用价值。     

基于指纹识别的室内定位中的隐私保护

基于指纹识别的定位是最流行的室内定位方法.在离线阶段,服务器测量指纹,比如来自特定空间已知位置的不同接入点（AP）的接收信号强度（RSS）,测量后服务器将测量结果保存在数据库中;在线上阶段,用户同时向服务器发送他当前指纹的测量结果以及位置查询请求,服务器将在数据库中查找与测量结果最接近的指纹.虽然这种方法已经被研究了很久,但现有的工作并没有考虑2个隐私要求：供应商希望保护他们花大代价收集的指纹,用户想要对服务器保留他们的指纹测量结果,以避免泄漏位置.为了实现隐私保护,本文提出一种使用加密技术的指纹匹配方案,这个方案在加密情况下计算由用户测量的指纹与服务器存储的指纹的距离,服务器存储的指纹在这一过程中仍处于密文空间.本文证明了这个方案在进行单点定位时能够很好地保证两者的隐私要求.为了减少高昂的时间开销,本文还提出了一个基于网格划分的改进方案,以及以有限的隐私损失为代价的扩展方案.为加强安全性,最后提出了有效对抗特定攻击的对策,在这种攻击中恶意用户可以通过重复定位获得服务器存储的指纹.使用公众 RSS指纹数据集的扩展实验结果显示本文方案足以在实现实时定位的同时保留定位精度.     

双向近场地震作用下HDR隔震梁桥地震响应研究

以HDR隔震梁桥多自由度（MDOF）模型和等效双线性单自由度（SDOF）模型为研究对象，以典型近场地震动作为输入，研究HDR支座双向耦合效应对HDR隔震梁桥地震响应的影响。研究结果表明:不考虑双向耦合效应的HDR支座滞回曲线呈典型双线性；考虑双向耦合效应的HDR支座滞回曲线面积小于不考虑双向耦合效应的HDR支座滞回曲线面积。不考虑双向耦合效应的顺桥向HDR支座位移峰值d_b大于考虑双向耦合效应时，但横桥向的结果相反。近场地震作用下，对梁桥进行HDR支座隔震设计时，忽略双向耦合效应计算得到的墩底剪力峰值和弯矩峰值均偏于保守。可忽略HDR支座双向耦合效应对HDR隔震梁桥近场地震能量的影响。     

南秦岭金龙山微细浸染型金矿成矿时代

 金龙山金矿带是南秦岭新发现的卡林型金矿带,主要产于上泥盆统南羊山组细碎屑岩—碳酸盐岩建造中,在上泥盆统冷水河组、下石炭统碳酸盐建造中也有产出,可分为明显受断裂控制的脉型金矿化和受有利岩性及小规模断裂、节理控制的浸染型矿化。     

新疆喀拉通克铜镍矿贵金属矿物定量研究

喀拉通克铜镍矿床产于漏斗状基性岩体中下部的橄榄苏长辉长岩相中,矿石类型分特富铜镍矿石(Ⅰ)、富铜贫镍矿石(Ⅱ)、贫铜贫镍矿石(Ⅲ)及富镍富铜矿石(Ⅳ).由于矿床物质成分复杂特别是金银铂钯矿物颗粒细、品位低、种类多,故首先在进行矿物定性研究的基础上,确定目的矿物的特殊富集流程.然后在人工重砂大样中富集目的矿物,并制成砂光薄片,有代表性的排定视域,引入电子探针-图象分析-计算机联机定量并辅以显微镜定量的综合方法对贵金属元素和矿物进行定量.联机方法是用电子探针以扫描方式提供颗粒电子象和元素X射线面分布象信号给出元素或共存元素的化学信息,对矿物颗粒进行分类,统计出个数及面积百分比.这种方法对微细杂矿物的定量工作颇有成效.     

黑龙江盘古-碧水韧性剪切带中段构造地球化学特征

盘古-碧水韧性剪切带中段糜棱岩的叠加强度和质量平衡分析表明:剪切带在变形过程中组分发生了显著的交换。糜棱岩类总体CaO、K2O、SiO2大量带入,TiO2、MnO、FeO是带出的。随着糜棱岩化程度的提高,SiO2、K2O、MnO明显带入,CaO少量带出。以Al2O3守恒为限制条件,整个剪切带质量和体积增加了16.87%。大规模的物质带入带出发生在糜棱岩阶段。     

CHANGE OF CLIMATE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE CROPPING SYSTEM IN CHINA

Tne global change of climate and its influence on the cropping system in China have been investigatedin this paper.It is found that the temperature was increased during the last decade and the precipitationdecreased in northern China and increased in southern China during the last 30 years.The sea level hasbeen rising by about 21—26 cm in the coastal areas south of 30°N in China during the last 100 years.The most of results as simulated by the general circulation models(GCMs)show that the temperature increasewould amount to about 2°—4°C in the most parts of China and precipitation and soil moisture might bedecreased in northern China and increased in sourthern China due to doubling of carbon dioxide(CO_2).The effects of doubled CO_2 on growth period and climatic yield capability in China have been estimatedroughly.It is shown that the regions of the growth period in China would be moved northward about fivedegrees latitude and the climatic yield capability might be increased by about 10％ in the most parts of China.     

Response spectral amplification ratios from 1- and 2-dimensional nonlinear soil site models

In order to determine the effect of geometry on the ground response of 2-dimensional (2-D) basins filled with soils that can develop nonlinear response, we use three basin models with width/depth ratios 3, 6 and 10. The three basins are subjected to a suite of rock site records with various magnitudes and source distances. We compute response spectral amplification ratios at four locations on the surface of the 2-D basins, and determine the average variation of the amplification ratios with respect to excitation spectra, for peak ground acceleration (PGA) and 3 spectral periods of 0.2, 0.5, 1 s. Similarly, we compute the average response spectral amplification ratios for two 1-dimensional (1-D) nonlinear models, one having the soil profile at the basin centre and the other having a soil profile at half the depth of the basin. From the relationship between the average amplification ratios and excitation spectra, we determine the cross-over point in terms of excitation spectral values that separate the amplification range from the deamplification range. Our results show that the cross-over point varies significantly from one location to another on the ground surface and from one basin to another, in a range of 0.3–1.1g for PGA. The effects of basin geometry are very strong at weak and moderate excitation, but decrease with increasing excitation spectra in a significant portion around the basin centre. Our results provide some justification for using 1-D models for 2-D basins with a width/depth ratio ?6 if the soil site is subjected to strong ground shaking.