内蒙古阿钦楚鲁二长花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征

阿钦楚鲁二长花岗岩体位于西伯利亚板块东南缘查干敖包奥尤特朝不楞早古生代构造-岩浆岩带中段, 主要岩石类型为中细粒二长花岗岩和中粗粒二长花岗岩。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果表明, 阿钦楚鲁二长花岗岩的成岩年龄为(296.3±3.8) Ma, 为华力西晚期。岩石地球化学分析结果表明:阿钦楚鲁二长花岗岩富硅, w(SiO₂)为73.48%~74.22%, 过铝质, w(Al₂O₃)为13.63%~14.01%, A/CNK值为1.04~1.10, 碱质含量较高, w(K₂O)+w(Na₂O)为8.08%~8.54%, 里特曼指数(σ)为2.13~2.46, 相对富钾, K₂O/Na₂O值为1.31~1.54, 属高钾钙碱性系列。该岩石富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Sr、Ba和轻稀土元素(LREE), 相对亏损Ta、Nb、Ti等高场强元素, 稀土元素总量为(112.05~130.16)×10^-6, 中等Eu负异常(δEu=0.52~0.65), 稀土元素配分曲线呈现出略微右倾型, 轻稀土较陡, 重稀土较缓, 具有向A型花岗岩过渡的后碰撞高钾花岗岩特征;岩石具有较低的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr初始值(0.703 849~0.704 236)和正的ε_Nd(t)值(4.2~4.3), 反映其物质来源可能主要为幔源岩浆底侵作用形成的新生大陆地壳。基于上述分析研究和构造环境判别, 结合区域对比, 推测阿钦楚鲁二长花岗岩为在岩石圈由挤压增厚向伸展体制转换的动力学背景下, 由于俯冲板片的断离, 造成软流圈上涌和岩石圈地幔的部分熔融, 而部分幔源岩浆底侵到地壳的下部或者呈基性侵入体的形式侵入地壳, 引起上部地壳的熔融而形成后碰撞高钾钙碱性花岗岩。     

Inverse Analysis of Deep Excavation Using Differential Evolution Algorithm

This paper presents the applications of the differential evolution (DE) algorithm in back analysis of soil parameters for deep excavation problems. A computer code, named Python‐based DE, is developed and incorporated into the commercial finite element software ABAQUS, with a parallel computing technique to run an FE analysis for all trail vectors of one generation in DE in multiple cores of a cluster, which dramatically reduces the computational time. A synthetic case and a well‐instrumented real case, that is, the Taipei National Enterprise Center (TNEC) project, are used to demonstrate the capability of the proposed back‐analysis procedure. Results show that multiple soil parameters are well identified by back analysis using a DE optimization algorithm for highly nonlinear problems. For the synthetic excavation case, the back‐analyzed parameters are basically identical to the input parameters that are used to generate synthetic response of wall deflection. For the TNEC case with a total of nine parameters to be back analyzed, the relative errors of wall deflection for the last three stages are 2.2, 1.1, and 1.0%, respectively. Robustness of the back‐estimated parameters is further illustrated by a forward prediction. The wall deflection in the subsequent stages can be satisfactorily predicted using the back‐analyzed soil parameters at early stages. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Permeable Reactive Barrier for Groundwater Pollution Remediation: An Review

As an in situ, simple and passive technology, Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) is becoming widely used in groundwater remediation. Based on its definition and development process, the development of PRB can be divided into two stages: The traditional zero-valent iron PRB before 2000 and the PRB composed of novel mixed media after 2000. With the rapid worsening of groundwater pollution, the increasing application of PRB and the rapid development of materials science, the development of PRB technology in future will be mainly focused on the investigation of mixed and novel media, the design of mixed PRBs, the combination of PRB technology with other remediation technology, and the long term monitoring and management of PRB projects.     

珠江口盆地东沙隆起珠江组层序界面的识别及划分

在掌握珠江口盆地东沙隆起年代地层、生物地层和岩石地层信息的基础上,通过对测井/录井、地震、古生物、岩心及成岩等相关资料的研究,将珠江组划分出四个三级层序和五个层序界面,归纳出四类界面标志,即沉积标志、成岩标志、测井标志和地震标志。各种界面标志的识别方法都有其特点和局限,实际应用时应综合利用,相互印证,以使层序界面划分更具有可靠性和精确性。     

软土固结系数确定方法的研究及应用

在砂井地基固结度计算中,土的固结系数是一个十分重要的参数,土的固结系数通常通过室内试验求得,但室内取得水平向固结系数制样比较困难。利用软基处理过程中孔隙水压力监测资料来推算软土的固结系数,并和室内试验加以对比分析,总结出二者之间的相互关系及变化规律,可供同类工程设计借鉴。     

Source apportionment and distribution of atmospheric mercury in urban Beijing,China

The concentration of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) in the atmosphere of urban Beijing was measured from October 2003 to September 2004 to investigate the origins and spatial-temporal variations of atmospheric Hg. The mean value of Hg concentration is 17.1 ng·m-3 (n=653). The atmospheric Hg data showed spatial-temporal variations throughout the duration of our observation. The maximum GEM concentration (53.7 ng·m-3) was observed at Gucheng in the western area of urban Beijing. The GEM concentrations increased from the north to the south of the studied area, and were higher in winter than in summer. The highest and lowest monthly averages of GEM concentrations were measured to be 23.3 and 4.1 ng·m-3 in January and July, respectively. In addition, GEM concentrations are higher in the daytime than at night in Autumn and from 14 March to 15 April, but daily GEM variation showed an inverse pattern from 22 April to 22 May. In winter, two peak values of GEM concentrations occurred at 13:30 and 21:30. Daily variation of GEM concentrations in summer was the lowest in the four seasons. Mercury from coal combustion was estimated to be the main source of anthropogenic emissions in Beijing from October 2003 to September 2004. Additionally, Hg emission from natural gas burning was estimated to be another dominant source of atmospheric Hg in Beijing.     

Geological Evolution of Longhushan World Geopark in Relation to Global Tectonics

The South China fold belt has experienced a complex series of tectonic events that span 1.0 billion years of earth history. Longhushan (龙虎山) World Geopark is located on the Proterozoic suture between the Yangtze craton and Cathyasia block and highlights the long history of this belt. Collision of the Cathyasia and Yangtze cratons 1.0 billion years ago was associated with the formation of the Rodinian supercontinent where most of the planet's landmasses were amalgamated into one block. Jurassic through Early...     

龙门山及其邻区的地壳厚度和泊松比

根据龙门山及其周边地区(26°～35°N,98°～109°E)的132个台站的宽频带远震记录,使用H-k叠加方法计算地壳厚度和波速比.结果表明该区域的地壳厚度总体变化是:从东向西增加,东部的最小厚度为37.8km,西部的最大厚度是68.1 km,其中横跨龙门山断裂带的地壳厚度变化最大,从东南的41.5km增加到西北的52.5km.根据Airy均衡理论,用台站的高程和观测地壳厚度数据求得最小二乘意义下的壳幔密度差为0.649g/cm3,平均地壳厚度为37.9km.龙门山及其邻近地区基本上处于均衡状态.松潘-甘孜地体北部和西秦岭造山带具有低泊松比(v<0.26),扬子地台的西南部具有低一中泊松比(v<0.27),松潘-甘孜地体南部、三江褶皱带和四川盆地具有中一高泊松比(0.26≤P≤0.29).该地区的泊松比空间分布不支持青藏高原东部广泛分布的下地壳流的假说.龙门山断裂带南段及其附近地区的高泊松比(v≥0.30)可以看成是地壳具有较高的铁镁质组分和/或存在部分熔融.该地区下地壳可能是处于富含流体和温度较高的部分熔融状态.松潘-甘孜块体南部的上地壳物质向东运动,受刚性强度较大的扬子地台的阻挡,导致沿龙门山断裂带产生应变积累.当断层被地壳流体弱化,积累的应变能量快速释放,产生汶川Ms8.0地震.     

苏北平原MIS 3阶段海侵事件的沉积记录

MIS 3阶段的气候与环境是古气候与古环境研究的热点,该阶段中国沿海地区的海侵过程是沿海平原环境演化的重要事件。根据苏北平原宝应By1钻孔的 14 C年代结果和沉积特征、微体生物组合特点,确认苏北平原MIS 3阶段存在明显的海侵事件,潮滩与泻湖相沉积层的厚度约7m,深度在By1孔19~26m,海相层位于长江三角洲地区的典型末次冰盛期的硬粘土层之下,14 C年代在距今26~39ka之间,属于MIS 3阶段的沉积,岩芯沉积物的沉积构造以水平的薄层砂质粉砂沉积为主。沉积物中大量的海相有孔虫壳体在研究的岩芯段中是最丰富的; 此外,还发现咸水环境下的Sinocytheridea impressa (Brady),Spinileberis pulchra与Spinileberis furuyaensis,Neomonoceratina chenae Zhao,Keijella bisanensis (Okubo)等形类壳体; 该段岩芯中的植物残体、碳屑也很丰富,有机质含量丰富,显示比较封闭的弱动力环境,指示了潮滩、泻湖沉积环境。     

塔里木北部地区三叠系储层溶蚀作用机理

塔里木北部地区三叠系储层在成岩演化过程中曾经历两期溶蚀作用，深埋成岩环境的晚期溶蚀较早期近地表－浅埋成岩环境溶蚀要剧烈得多，溶蚀作用的最大特点是铝硅酸盐矿物较碳酸盐矿物剧烈。溶蚀作用发生的机理是由于三叠系储层处于８０～１２０℃热窗、成岩流体富含低分子量羧酸、碱度由低分子量羧酸控制，铝硅酸盐和碳酸盐矿物均处于去稳定状态。溶蚀作用的发育程度受控于储层砂体的沉积和岩石学特征以及早期成岩发育程度。