Positive selection analysis reveals the deep-sea adaptation of a hadal sea cucumber (Paelopatides sp.) to the Mariana Trench

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - The Mariana Trench, the deepest trench on the earth, is ideal for deep-sea adaptation research due to its unique characters, such as the highest hydrostatic...     

文登市矿山地质环境治理简析

文登市地处胶东半岛东部,矿产资源种类丰富,全市共发现矿产资源20余种,其中已开发利用的有10种,年产矿石量1000多万吨。近年来,文登市围绕增强综合竞争力和可持续发展能力,加快资源节约型、环境友好型社会建设,不断强化对矿山地质环境的保护和管理。     

The formation of wind curl in the marine atmosphere boundary layer over the East China Sea Kuroshio in spring

Various data are used to investigate the characteristics of the surface wind field and rainfall on the East China Sea Kuroshio (ESK) in March and April, 2011. In March, the wind speed maximum shows over the ESK front (ESKF) in the 10 meter wind field, which agrees with the thermal wind effect. A wind curl center is generated on the warm flank of the ESKF. The winds are much weaker in April, so is the wind curl. A rainband exists over the ESKF in both the months. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used for further researches. The winds on the top of the marine atmosphere boundary layer (MABL) indicate that in March, a positive wind curl is generated in the whole MABL over the warm flank of the ESKF. The thermal wind effect forced by the strong SST gradient overlying the background wind leads to strong surface northeasterly winds on the ESKF, and a positive shearing vorticity is created over the warm flank of the ESKF to generate wind curl. In the smoothed sea surface temperature experiment, the presence of the ESKF is responsible for the strong northeast winds in the ESKF, and essential for the distribution of the rainfall centers in March, which confirms the mechanism above. The same simulation is made for April, 2011, and the responses from the MABL become weak. The low background wind speed weakens the effect of the thermal wind, thus no strong Ekman pumping is helpful for precipitation. There is no big difference in rainfall between the control run and the smooth SST run. Decomposition of the wind vector shows that local wind acceleration induced by the thermal wind effect along with the variations in wind direction is responsible for the pronounced wind curl/divergence over the ESKF.     

腾格里沙漠东南缘降尘粒度特征和沉积速率

从多年降尘实测资料入手，分析了粉尘粒度特征、沉积速率和时变过程。提出了气象要素相关估测模型．确定０．２５ｍｍ为本区粉尘沉积粒径上限。周围沙漠是粉尘沉积细砂部分的尘源，粉砂和粘土部分沉积来自一个较大的时空范围，二者几乎各占降尘量的１／２。研究区年平均粉尘沉积速率４３５８ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，每年５月的季风转期具有年内最大沉积速率。     

我国全新世泥炭α纤维素稳定碳同位素记录的对比与分析

泥炭是古气候研究的宝贵材料,α纤维素稳定碳同位素（δ¹³C_cell）是泥炭古气候研究的常用代用指标。我国已有数个地点报道了全新世泥炭全样或单种植物δ¹³C_cell记录,对这些记录的古气候解译存在明显冲突。结合相应的孢粉和植物残体证据,对这些记录进行综合对比,结果发现：高山草地植被带和内陆干旱区荒漠草原植被带当中的泥炭地,全新世期间的原地植物种属构成相对稳定且未发生显著变化,因此其δ¹³C_cell记录具有较为明显的长期变化趋势,其古气候解译也更为可靠;森林植被带和林草交互带当中的泥炭地,全新世期间的原地植物种属构成发生过显著变化（如木本植物入侵）,这可能是造成其全新世δ¹³C_cell记录长期趋势不明显或其古气候指示意义复杂难解的主要原因。这些结果显示了泥炭地的原地植物种属构成,对相应δ¹³C_cell记录的古气候解译的重要影响。同时也表明,无论是泥炭δ¹³C_cell研究地点的选择,还是泥炭δ¹³C_cell记录的古气候解译,都需重视其来源植物种属构成和变化。对于全新世泥炭δ¹³C_cell古气候研究,建议开展针对性的现代过程研究,尤其是优势泥炭植物种属的δ¹³C_cell在时间序列上的现代过程研究,以提供可靠的古气候解译基础。

     

昆明草海晚更新世硅藻植物群及其环境演化

通过对草海2号孔硅藻植物群生态演化及沉积特征的研究,将草海晚更新世划分为十个硅藻带和五个环境演化段落,说明5万年以来草海经历了由河流三角洲—中深湖滨—浅湖—沼泽的发展过程,在距今4.4万年时,滇池湖达到高潮,以后一直湖退,其中距今2.8万年左右由于河口砂坝的发展而形成海埂,使草海与滇池相对隔离而进入一个独立发展阶段,并加快了草海沼泽化进程。从气候上看,5万年以来,草海也经历了凉—暖—凉—温的两次周期性变化。     

Effect of farmland expansion on drought over the past century in Songnen Plain,Northeast China

The effects of human activities on climate change are a significant area of research in the field of global environmental change. Land use and land cover change(LUCC) has a greater effect on climate than greenhouse gases, and the effect of farmland expansion on regional drought is particularly important. From the 1910 s to the 2010 s, cultivated land in Songnen Plain increased by 2.67 times, the area of cultivated land increased from 4.92×10~4 km~2 to 13.14×10~4 km~2, and its percentage of all land increased from 25% to 70%. This provides an opportunity to study the effects of the conversion of natural grassland to farmland on climate. In this study, the drought indices in Songnen Plain were evaluated from the 1910 s to the 2010 s, and the effect of farmland expansion on drought was investigated using statistical methods and the Weather Research and Forecasting Model based on UK's Climatic Research Unit data. The resulting dryness index, Palmer drought severity index, and standardized precipitation index values indicated a significant drying trend in the study area from 1981 to 2010. This trend can be attributed to increases in maximum temperature and diurnal temperature range, which increased the degree of drought. Based on statistical analysis and simulation, the maximum temperature, diurnal temperature range, and sensible heat flux increased during the growing season in Songnen Plain over the past 100 years, while the minimum temperature and latent heat flux decreased. The findings indicate that farmland expansion caused a drying trend in Songnen Plain during the study period.     

相对湿度对黄瓜叶片光合特性的影响

以黄瓜“津优1号”为试材,于2011年4月在南京信息工程大学进行人工环境控制试验,设计8个相对湿度梯度,用LI 6400进行光合参数的测定,系统研究不同相对湿度处理对黄瓜叶片光合特性的影响。结果表明：黄瓜叶片的净光合速率和胞间CO2浓度随着相对湿度的减小而降低;气孔导度、蒸腾速率和叶片的水分利用效率在相对湿度为75%时达到最大;而气孔限制值在相对湿度为75%时降到最低;黄瓜叶片最大光合作用速率（Pmax）与空气相对湿度呈指数关系：Pmax=22375e189085fRH;随空气相对湿度的减小,黄瓜叶片的表观量子效率、光饱和点均降低,而光补偿点增加;相关分析表明,净光合速率与叶面水汽压差呈负相关,而与气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、相对湿度、蒸腾速率均呈正相关,且相关性均达到极显著水平。     

气候变暖对云南烤烟生产影响的初步分析

通过对云南6个烤烟种植区35 a来烤烟大田生长期气温资料的初步分析发现:云南省6个烤烟生产区烤烟大田生长季平均气温呈明显升高趋势,热量条件有较明显的改善;各烟区烤烟成熟—采烤期气候变暖趋势一致性好、增温最突出、增幅最大,增温幅度达到了0.0155~0.0356℃/a,这在一定程度上缓和了云南省烤烟生产过程中烤烟生长中、后期高温不足这一制约云南烤烟品质提高的气候瓶颈问题,对提高云南省烟叶品质有十分重要的促进作用。