三峡库区优质柑橘产业带建设土地整理模式

以三峡库区优质柑橘产业带建设土地整理模式研究为目标,以重庆市万州区甘宁镇永胜等两个村土地整理项目（标准化柑橘园）为例,从工程、生物技术方面探讨了改土和配套农业产业化基础设施建设。研究表明：以三峡库区优质柑橘产业带建设目标的土地整理模式必须立足库区复杂多样的立地条件和生态一经济功能差异,配套服务早、中、晚熟不同柑橘品种产...     

东北黑土区容许土壤流失量研究(英文)

Soil loss tolerance(T) is the maximum rate of annual soil erosion that is tolerated and still allows a high level of crop productivity to be sustained economically and indefinitely.In the black soil region of Northeast China,an empirically determined,default T value of 200(t/km2?a) is used for designing land restoration strategies for different types of soils.The ob-jective of this study was to provide a methodology to calculate a quantitative T for different black soil species.A field investigation was conducted to determine the typical soil profiles of 21 black soil species in the study area and a quantitative methodology based on a modified soil productivity index model was established to calculate the T values.These values,which varied from 68 t/km2?a to 358 t/km2?a,yielded an average T value of 141 t/km2?a for the 21 soil species.This is 29.5% lower than the current national standard T value.Two significant factors that influenced the T value were soil thickness and vulnerability to erosion.An ac-ceptable reduction rate of soil productivity over a planned time period of 1% is recommended as necessary for maintaining long-term sustainable soil productivity.Compared with the cur-rently used of regional unified standard T value,the proposed method,which determines T using specific soil profile indices,has more practical implications for effective,sustainable management of soil and water conservation.     

A new method for testing pile by single-impact energy and <Emphasis Type="Italic">P-S</Emphasis> curve

By studying the pile-formula and stress-wave methods (e.g., CASE method), the authors propose a new method for testing piles using the single-impact energy and P-S curves. The vibration and wave figures are recorded, and the dynamic and static displacements are measured by different transducers near the top of piles when the pile is impacted by a heavy hammer or micro-rocket. By observing the transformation coefficient of driving energy (total energy), the consumed energy of wave motion and vibration and so on, the vertical bearing capacity for single pile is measured and calculated. Then, using the vibration wave diagram, the dynamic relation curves between the force (P) and the displacement (S) is calculated and the yield points are determined. Using the static-loading test, the dynamic results are checked and the relative constants of dynamic-static P-S curves are determined. Then the subsidence quantity corresponding to the bearing capacity is determined. Moreover, the shaped quality of the pile body can be judged from the formation of P-S curves.     

哈尔滨市延寿地震台竖直摆倾斜同震效应分析

分析了2004年12月以来全球7级以上强震和中国5级以上地震的同震效应特征,当震中距较小时,同震应变阶似单纯的阶跃;而当震中距较大时,阶跃具有脉冲的形式,曲线有一个往返变化。初步总结了不同震中距时,竖直摆倾斜记录地震波动的能力。     

Seasonal changes in the abundance and composition of plant pigments in particulate organic carbon in the lower Mississippi and Pearl Rivers

Plant pigments in particulate organic carbon were examined in the lower Mississippi and Pearl Rivers (U.S.), along with physical variables and nutrients to study seasonal changes in the abundance and composition of phytoplankton. Water samples were collected monthly from September 2001 to August 2003 in the lower Mississippi River (MR; no samples were taken in February 2002) and from August 2001 to July 2003 in the Pearl River (PR). High concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS), nutrients, and chlorophylla (chla; dominated by diatoms) were observed in the lower MR. The smaller blackwater PR was characterized by lower nutrients and chla, higher ultraviolet absorbance, and a phytoplankton biomass dominated by chlorophytes. Chla concentrations in the lower MR was high in summer low-flow periods and also during interims of winter and spring, and did not couple with physical variables and nutrients, likely due to a combination of in situ production and inputs from reservoirs, navigation locks and oxbow lakes in the upper MR and Missouri River. Chla concentrations in the PR was only high in summer low-flow periods and were controlled by temperature and concentrations of chromophoric dissolved organic matter 9CDOM). The high, diatom-dominated phytoplankton biomass in the lower MR was likely the result of decreasing TSS (increased damming in the watershed) and increasing nutrients (enhanced agricultural runoff) over the past few decades. Lower phytoplankton biomass (dominated by chlorophytes) in the PR was likely linked with intense shading by CDOM and lower availability of nutrient inputs. An increase in the relative importance of phytoplankton biomass in large turbid rivers, such as the MR, could have significant effects on the age and lability of riverine organic matter entering the ocean, the stoichiometric balance of nutrients delivered to coastal margins, and the sequestration of atmospheric CO₂ in these dynamic regions.     

东海外陆架浅孔沉积物的岩性和磁性特征及成因讨论?

利用东海外陆架的10根柱状样，进行磁性、粒度、氯离子含量和粘土矿物分析。结果表明：在东海外陆架扬子浅滩前缘，浅部沉积地层自上而下可分为两层。上层为砂泥混合物，含大量贝壳碎片，磁化率与饱和等温剩磁较强，主要是磁铁矿富集所致，反映了冰后期海侵对晚更新世沉积物的强烈改造。研究还发现，现代海底表层沉积物中存在铁硫化物，它是浅海还原环境中铁磁性矿物次生变化的产物。下层为坚硬致密的黄褐色泥质粉砂和粉砂质泥（硬土层），磁化率与饱和等温剩磁较弱，但局部存在剩磁异常高，从矫顽力等磁性特征证明它是硫复铁矿的富集所致。另外，在硫复铁矿富集层中绿泥石和氯离子含量明显富集，反映该硬土层是早期海侵沉积物在末次冰期干冷气候条件下的风化产物。     

青藏高原气温的年际变率与大气环状波动模

基于1961年3月至2002年2月间青藏高原地区64个台站的地面气温观测资料和ERA40再分析数据集,研究了青藏高原上空气温的年际变率及其与大尺度环流的关系。结果表明除夏季外,高原地面气温与整个北半球副热带、极地对流层的温度和位势高度有显著的同位相变化关系,而与中高纬度对流层有显著的反位相变化关系。其中北半球副热带还有5个分别位于青藏高原、西太平洋、北美西部、大西洋中部、北非到阿拉伯半岛的活动中心。这3条环状活动带和5个副热带活动中心共同组成了一种北半球大气环状波动模,其纬向特征为异常偏强的中纬度西风气流以及热带和高纬度东风气流,并伴有中纬度大气长波槽脊的减弱;经向基本特征为异常偏强的Hadley和Ferrel环流以及副热带下沉气流和中纬度上升气流,垂直方向呈相当正压结构。当这种环状波动模处于正位相时,异常增强的绝热下沉增温效应和减弱的冷空气活动共同使得高原上空对流层中、低层气温异常偏暖。     

用地震走时反演计算长白山天池火山区二维地壳泊松比

尝试应用一种同时获得地壳二维速度结构和界面形态的地震走时反演算法， 通过分别反演P波和S波速度结构， 计算深地震测深剖面的泊松比分布的方法， 并对长白山天池火山区测深剖面（L1）进行处理解释. 计算表明， 该方法克服了传统基于正演计算方法的诸多缺陷， 是计算测深剖面泊松比分布的行之有效的方法， 特别是在对火山岩浆系统及地壳断裂带研究中具有重要意义. 研究结果显示， 天池火山口下的地壳低速体内有一宽约30 km、 高约12 km的高泊松比异常区， 其泊松比值高于周围介质8％左右， 应为高温熔融岩石介质， 即岩浆囊. 在其上方直至上地壳顶部有一高泊松比条带， 代表了热物质上移的通道. 在其下部高泊松比区域， 局部深达莫霍面形成了地幔热物质底侵的可能通道. 三维台阵观测的层析成像和大地电磁测深研究结果均与上述结论相印证.      

基于特征结构配置的结构鲁棒控制算法及仿真

本文提出了结构系统的鲁棒主动控制算法，其目的是求取状态反馈控制律，在闭环系统具有希望特征值前提下，使得闭环系统特征值关于参数摄动具有最小的灵敏度。基于状态反馈特征结构配置参数化方法和矩阵特征值灵敏度分析理论，该问题转化为含有约束条件的优化问题，并给出了求解该鲁棒控制问题的算法。该方法给出了特征值灵敏度函数的参数化表示，且直接基于结构系统矩阵，故便于工程应用。三自由度层间剪切型结构地震作用下的仿真分析，表明所提方法的有效性。     

几种视程障碍现象的区别

视程障碍现象规定了能见度，光色，天气条件和成因几个标准。能见度主要是由空气中所含质粒的浓度所决定，用以判断天气现象的有无、强度。光色特征是由空气中所含质粒的性态决定的，是指天空背景和太阳的颜色，各种粒子对光波的散射和漫射不同，就呈现出不同的光色。光色和能见度标准之结合，决定了不同时刻可以出现1种或2种相似、相近的天气现象。对于某些特殊的天气现象观测员有时很难判定，是地面观测目测项目中的一个难点。