Convex model for gross domestic product-based dynamic earthquake loss assessment method

Ground motion intensity was presented as Modified Mercalli Intensity in gross domestic product (GDP)-based earthquake loss assessment method, and the variable uncertainties and the variation of GDP with time were neglected. In this study, the hazard-loss/GDP relation was determined based on peak ground acceleration (PGA), and the uncertainties of PGA and the hazard-loss/GDP relation were modeled with the Envelope Bound Convex Model and the curves of GDP with time were also derived. Finally, the earthquake loss of Ningbo city was estimated and disaggregated,and sensitivity of uncertain variables was investigated. The results show that the loss with Chen method locates in the lower half intervals of convex analysis results, and the most loss is from frequent earthquake. Hazard-Loss/GDP relation gives the most contribution to loss uncertainty, and the reminder sequence of sensitivity is the annual occurrence rate v, the b value and the upper bound magnitude M _u .     

基于ADO.NET的Shape地图矢量数据存储研究

以Shape格式矢量数据的结构特点、存储方式为基础,采用ADO.NET技术,实现了Shape格式地图矢量数据的数据集的转换和存储。为采用关系型数据库技术管理Shape格式数据以及建立Shape数据的空间拓扑关系提供了一种方法。     

Condition assessment of structures under unknown support excitation

A new method is proposed to assess the condition of structures under unknown support excitation by simultaneously detecting local damage and identifying the support excitation from several structural dynamic responses. The support excitation acting on a structure is modeled by orthogonal polynomial approximations, and the sensitivities of structural dynamic response with respect to its physical parameters and orthogonal coeffi cients are derived. The identifi cation equation is based on Taylor’s fi rst orde...     

近地空中爆炸作用下钢框架结构冲击响应

采用多物质欧拉与拉格朗日耦合算法,对框架结构和混凝土地面采用Lagrange单元、空气和炸药采用多物质ALE单元,建立流固耦合有限元模型,对一个五层的钢框架结构在近地爆炸作用下冲击压力波的传播过程、结构冲击响应和变形以及破坏过程进行了数值模拟.数值模拟分析结果表明,拉格朗日-欧拉耦合算法较好地模拟了爆炸冲击波在介质中的传播和作用在结构上的爆炸荷载效应.在爆炸近区,空气爆炸冲击波的衰减速率快;爆炸产生强烈的冲击波首先使钢框架结构正面的柱和梁柱节点区产生很大的塑性变形,钢框架柱在发生爆炸的瞬间失去承载能力,最终导致建筑物整体倒塌.考虑结构变形和流体荷载间的相互影响可以较真实地模拟结构在爆炸荷载作用下的连续倒塌过程,为研究结构在爆炸荷载作用下的连续倒塌提供了有效手段.     

Carbonate Sequence Stratigraphy of a Back-Arc Basin： A Case Study of the Qom Formation in the Kashan Area, Central Iran

The Qom Formation comprises Oligo-Miocene deposits from a marine succession distributed in the Central Basin of Iran. It is composed of five members designated as A-F. Little previous work exists on the sequence stratigraphy. Based on an integrated study of sequence stratigraphy with outcrop data, wells and regional seismic profiles, the Qom Formation is interpreted as a carbonate succession deposited in a mid-Tertiary back-arc basin. There are two second-order sequences (designated as SS1 and SS2) and five third-order sequences (designated as S1-S5). Five distinct systems tracts including transgressive, highstand, forced regressive, slope margin and lowstand have been recognized. The relationship between the sequences and lithologic sub-units has been collated and defined (S1 to S5 individually corresponding to A-C1, C2-C4, D-E, the lower and upper portions of F); a relative sea level change curve and the sequence stratigraphic framework have been established and described in detail. The coincidence of relative sea level change between that of the determined back-arc basin and the world indicates that the sedimentary cycles of the Qom Formation are mainly controlled by eustatic cycles. The variable combination of the systems tracts and special tectonic-depositional setting causally underpin multiple sequence stratigraphic framework styles seen in the carbonates of the back-arc basin revealing: (1) a continental margin basin that developed some form of barrier, characterized by the development of multiple cycles of carbonate-evaporites; (2) a flat carbonate ramp, which occurred on the southern shelf formed by the lack of clastic supply from nearby magmatic islands plus mixed siliciclastics and carbonates that occurred on the northern shelf due to a sufficient clastics supply from the land; and (3) a forced regressive stratigraphic stacking pattern that occured on the southern shelf and in basin lows due to the uplifting of the southern shelf. Thick and widespread aggradational framework limestone usually occurs in the initial sequences (S1 and S3) of the supersequence, which led to preferential oil reservoir deposition but a lack of source and cap rocks, whereas the retrogradational and progradational framework limestone usually occurs in the later sequences (S2 and S4-S5) of the supersequence, which results in two perfect sets of source, reservoir and cap rock assemblies, so that the limestone in sub-member C2-C4 and the F-Member can be predicted as important objects for oil exploration.     

应用先进微波探测器AMSU资料遥感反演春季陆地表层湿度

利用先进微波探测器(AMSU)正演快速微波辐射传输模型,完成了AMSU 窗区通道亮温与地表温湿特征的相关性分析,根据模拟计算结果改进了现有业务上反演地表微波辐射率的统计分析方法,得到适用于我国非冻土积雪覆盖地区地表微波辐射率反演的指数分析模型;进一步通过地表微波辐射传输模型迭代反演得到土壤体积含水量信息.2001年相互匹配的AMSU资料和地面农业气象观测站地表相对湿度观测结果的对比分析表明二者间具有一定的相关性.利用2002年3月和2003年3月的AMSU资料,反演了我国陆地区域地表湿度;连续两年春季地表湿度反演结果的对比分析表明,与2002年春季相比,2003年我国北方沙尘暴发生源区地表湿度反演值普遍偏高,潮湿的下垫面特征与沙尘暴发生频次的减少之间有一定的对应关系.试验结果表明,利用AMSU遥感资料可以获取大范围陆地表层湿度信息,进行区域尺度陆地表层湿度特征的动态分析,为我国沙尘暴监测分析提供陆地表层湿度基础信息.     

高光谱遥感仪器的光谱参数和信噪比需求

卫星短波红外CO₂遥感获得大气低层CO₂浓度信息,已成为目前国际热点研究领域。结合气候变化及碳源、汇观测需求,利用高精度大气辐射传输模式研究了高光谱分辨率、高精度CO₂探测目标的可实现性。针对高光谱CO₂探测器光栅分光、阵列探测器特点,分析了光谱分辨率、光谱采样率等关键技术指标对CO₂探测的可能影响;基于辐射敏感度因子分析了不同探测精度要求下的信噪比需求。结果表明:高光谱CO₂探测器首先应具有足够高的光谱分辨率,以便从太阳反射连续谱段中分辨出CO₂吸收线;为保证CO₂光谱的准确性,光谱仪所用探测器面元应该保证光谱采样率大于2;尽管探测边界层内CO₂浓度1%变化所要求的信噪比难以达到,但探测整层大气CO₂浓度1%的变化所需要的信噪比是可以实现的。     

碳卫星高光谱二氧化碳探测仪基于太阳夫琅禾费吸收线的在轨波长定标

大气二氧化碳（CO₂）探测仪（ACGS, Atmospheric Carbon dioxide Grating Spectrometer）搭载于中国全球二氧化碳观测科学试验卫星（TanSat）,通过探测0.76 μm、1.61 μm、2.06 μm波段的反射太阳光谱,采用最优估计算法反演大气CO₂浓度。满足高光谱分辨率和高精度CO₂浓度反演需求,精确探测光谱波长的变化非常重要。本文以高分辨率太阳参考光谱的夫朗禾费吸收线作为参考基准,利用ACGS对太阳的观测光谱计算了ACGS三个谱段通道中心波长位置在一年内的变化情况。结果显示,三个谱段的波长变化在光谱分辨率10%以内,满足光谱定标精度需求。这种变化可能是由于仪器在轨状态变化引起,特别是在轨运行温度变化引起的。ACGS波长的微小变化需要在产品反演中进行修正。基于独立太阳夫琅禾费吸收线的在轨光谱定标方法不仅可以有效监测ACGS的光谱稳定性,还可以为L2产品的处理的提供参考信息。     

AMSR-E土壤湿度产品在锡林浩特草地样区的精度验证

AMSR-E土壤湿度产品已逐渐应用于气象,农业等各个领域,对土壤湿度的研究,特别是干旱半干旱地区,有着重要的科研和现实意义.为了验证AMSR-E土壤湿度产品在锡林浩特草地的适用性,利用锡林浩特草地野外实验,在3 km×3km范围内,与同经纬度地面9个点的2 cm土壤体积含水量数据作产品精度验证.通过与降水量的比较,验证了AMSR-E土壤湿度产品的可靠性,通过与地面实测值的比较,验证结果表明,AMSR-E反演的平均土壤体积含水量与地面实测平均土壤体积含水量分别为13.3%和11.8%,两者土壤体积含水量的RMSE为3.7%.     

利用双多普勒雷达研究强飑线过程的三维风场结构

山东齐河CINRAD/SA和滨州CINRAD/SC雷达相距125.5km,组成了双多普勒雷达观测网,利用2004年6月21—22日的一次强飑线过程的多普勒天气雷达探测资料,分析了双雷达观测资料的质量控制结果,并根据双多普勒雷达反演的三维风场研究了飑线的三维结构。结果表明,两部雷达探测的回波在水平位置上有2.0km的差别,回波强度滨州雷达低5.2dBz,回波结构也有一定的差别,径向速度在可比较的区域一致性很好。飑线不同位置的水平风场结构有很大不同,在飑线北端,低层是气旋性辐合风场,飑线南端是反气旋性辐合风场,而中部沿强对流窄带的前部是偏西和东南风的风场辐合。中高层云中风逐渐转为西北风,强对流回波带上空对应辐散风场;垂直于强对流带方向的风场垂直结构表明:成熟阶段,强对流窄带前部的低层是入流气流,即东风气流,它与对流带后部的西风相遇后向上倾斜上升,在中高层向前流出形成飑前砧状云。减弱阶段,低层的西风分量增强并向前穿过强对流回波带,导致前面的入流气流风速减弱、下边界抬高,这一垂直风场结构和演变特征与美国中纬度飑线的结构基本一致。