江汉平原旱地和水田土壤镉的吸附与解吸特征及影响因素

为揭示旱地和水田土壤镉的吸附解吸特征,以江汉平原黄豆地、棉花地以及水稻田土壤为研究对象,开展土壤镉的吸附动力学实验、等温吸附?解吸实验以及有机质的影响实验.结果表明:江汉平原土壤对镉的吸附是一个较为复杂的吸附动力学过程且以化学吸附为主,研究区土壤镉的初始吸附速率总体上表现为水田土壤大于旱地土壤;旱地土壤对Cd2+具有较...     

南海天然气水合物资源勘查战略接替区初步分析与预测

二十多年来,南海天然气水合物勘查评价均主要集中在南海北部大陆边缘陆坡深水区,且先后在珠江口盆地神狐、珠江口盆地东部海域调查区和琼东南盆地陵水-松南调查区取得了天然气水合物勘查试采的重大突破及进展,陆续发现了两个大规模的天然气水合物藏,初步评价预测南海天然气水合物资源规模达800亿吨油当量左右,取得了南海天然气水合物勘探的阶段性重大成果.然而,南海天然气水合物资源进一步深化和拓展勘探的有利领域在哪里？尤其是可持续滚动勘探的战略接替区及选区在何处？其与目前陆坡深水油气及水合物勘探紧密相邻的外陆坡-洋陆过渡带（OCT）乃至洋盆区是否具有天然气水合物形成的地质条件？根据海洋地质调查及初步的地质综合分析研究,认为外陆坡-洋陆过渡带乃至洋盆区具备天然气水合物成藏的基本地质条件,可作为南海未来天然气水合物勘查的战略接替区和可持续滚动勘探的战略选区及资源远景区.针对这些影响和决定将来天然气水合物勘探决策部署及走向等关键问题进行初步分析与探讨,抛砖引玉希望能够对未来南海天然气水合物资源勘查评价及战略接替区之选择有所裨益！      

南京河西地区地面沉降成因分析

为了查明南京河西地区地面沉降的成因,笔者等在系统研究水文地质与工程地质条件的基础上,研究了地面沉降的分布特征和发展规律,以及地面沉降与地下水位、软土分布及建筑荷载之间的关系,进而揭示了南京河西地区地面沉降的成因。研究结果表明：南京河西地区不开采地下水,地面沉降与软土层厚度和建筑荷载分布关系密切,地面沉降主要受建筑工程影响,即建筑荷载和深基坑降水的作用。     

Guocun landslide in a slate slope with dip structure on 27 March 2021 in Tonglu County,Zhejiang Province,China

On 27 March 2021, a landslide with a volume of approximately 2?×?10⁴ m³ occurred in Guocun Village next to Kengheng road in Tonglu County, Zhejiang Province, China. The landslide caused no casualties as a result of timely road closures, because of the unusual noises detected early by local residents. The motion mechanism of the landslide was studied using video analysis. Slope cutting resulting from road construction might have been the major triggering factor for the landslide. The intrusion of magma and the uplift process of Huangshan led to the metamorphism of mudstone to easily fractured slate, and the brittle layered slate might have controlled the change of motion from transitional sliding to dry debris flow.

     

Bayesian active learning for parameter calibration of landslide run-out models

Landslides - Landslide run-out modeling is a powerful model-based decision support tool for landslide hazard assessment and mitigation. Most landslide run-out models contain parameters that cannot...     

平面旋转坡体形成的离散元仿真模拟研究

本文采用离散单元法对平面旋转坡体的形成进行模拟 ,应用二维代替三维计算。研究了平面旋转坡体的变形特点与位移的特殊性 ,其分析结果与实测的实际观测较为吻合。本研究不仅说明平面旋转坡体的客观存在 ,而且也为这类变形斜坡的稳定性分析提出了新的要求     

华北地台太行-五台和阴山地块地壳物质组成——岩石地震波速实验证据

在模拟地壳的温度和压力条件下,测定了华北地台太行－五台和阴山地块的主要变质岩群和侵入岩共５４个岩石样品的纵波速度（ｖｐ）．各类岩石的ｖｐ在约４～１０ｋｍ深度内上升很快,在１０～２５ｋｍ内继续增大,但是幅度变小,在该深度范围内达到了ｖｐ最大值;在３０～３５ｋｍ之后到５０ｋｍ深度内的ｖｐ都趋于恒定．综合对比地壳的波速结构和岩石的波速特征表明,在太行－五台地块,五台群、滹沱群和古老花岗岩岩类构成上地壳,阜平群和恒山群构成中地壳,集宁群代表了下地壳的岩石组成;在阴山地块,马家店群、二道凹群、色尔腾山群和古老侵入岩类是中地壳和上地壳的组成部分,乌拉山群岩石则是下地壳的代表     

250kaB.P.以来西太平洋暖池中心区——Ontong Java海台古生产力演化

多年平均表层水温超过28℃的"西太平洋暖池",是全球海平面高度的加热中心和大气三大环流的辐散中心。为评价西太平洋暖池中心区域海洋生物泵的演化特征、规律与机制,本文以位于热带西太平洋暖池核心区——Ontong Java海台的WP7柱状样为材料,通过提取浮游有孔虫δ13C组成、底栖有孔虫群落和钙质超微化石下透光带属种Florisphaera profunda相对百分含量变化等指标,反演该区250kaB.P.以来的古生产力的演化历史。研究结果表明,250kaB.P.以来西太平洋暖池中心区的古生产力演化与地球轨道变化控制的冰期-间冰期旋回以及岁差控制的太阳辐照率密切相关。在冰期-间冰期尺度上,西太平洋暖池中心区距今250ka以来的生产力变化间冰期明显低于冰期,而且在间冰期阶段生产力相对稳定,冰期波动幅度较大。在冰期或间冰期背景下显著的岁差周期是该区古生产力演化的又一重要特征。而且在岁差波段生物生产力的变化可能领先极地冰体积变化2～4ka左右。热带东西太平洋的古生产力演化在冰期-间冰期变化和岁差尺度上存在ENSO式的变动机制,而且二者互相调谐,产生了似30ka和19ka周期,并出现了"半30ka周期"和半岁差周期。此外,WP7孔Neogloboqudrina dutertrei的δ13C显示在MIS 1/2,MIS 3/4和MIS 5e/6的冰期向间冰期的过渡期的冰消期阶段存在变轻事件,可能与数千年尺度的大洋环流演化有关。     

Plant distribution at the mobile dune scale and its relevance to soil properties and topographic features

A survey was conducted in an 11-year recovery mobile dune (RMD11) and a 20-year recovery mobile dune (RMD20), in Horqin Sandy Land, Northern China, to determine plant distribution at the mobile dune scale and its relevance to soil properties and topographic features. The results showed that (1) vegetation cover and species number increased from dune top to bottom in the restoration process of mobile dune; (2) the average value of soil organic C, total N, pH, relative height of sampling site, very fine sand content and soil water contents (40−60 and 60−80 cm) of RMD11 were less than that of RMD20, respectively, and there were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the two dunes; (3) soil resources were redistributed by shrub restoration and relative height of sampling site on dune. The distribution of sand pioneer plant, Agriophyllum squarrosum, was positively related to the relative height of sampling site and soil water content, while that of other herbaceous plants was positively related to soil nutrients in the restoration process of mobile dune. These results suggest that at mobile dune scale, plant distributions are determined by a combination of soil properties and topographic feature. Much effort should be made to preserve the interdune lowland and to improve the level of soil nutrients on mobile dune.     

Triassic Nb-enriched basalts, magnesian andesites, and adakites of the Qiangtang terrane (Central Tibet): evidence for metasomatism by slab-derived melts in the mantle wedge

New chronological, geochemical, and isotopic data are reported for Triassic (219–236 Ma) adakite-magnesian andesite-Nb-enriched basaltic rock associations from the Tuotuohe area, central Qiangtang terrane. The adakites and magnesian andesites are characterized by high Sr/Y (25–45), La/Yb (14–42) and Na₂O/K₂O (12–49) ratios, high Al₂O₃ (15.34–18.28 wt%) and moderate to high Sr concentrations (220–498 ppm) and ε_ND (t) (+0.86 to +1.21) values. Low enrichments of Th, Rb relative to Nb, and subequal normalized Nb and La contents, and enrichments of light rare earth elements combine to distinguish a group of Nb-enriched basaltic rocks (NEBs). They have positive ε_ND (t) (+2.57 to +5.16) values. Positive correlations between Th, La and Nb and an absence of negative Nb anomalies on mantle normalized plots indicate the NEBs are products of a mantle source metasomatized by a slab melt rather than by hydrous fluids. A continuous compositional variation between adakites and magnesian andesites confirms slab melt interaction with mantle peridotite. The spatial association of the NEBs with adakites and magnesian andesites define an “adakitic metasomatic volcanic series” recognized in many demonstrably subduction-related environments (e.g., Mindanao arc, Philippines; Kamchatka arc, Russia; and southern Baja California arc, Mexico). The age of the Touhuohe suite, and its correlation with Triassic NEB to the north indicates that volcanism derived from subduction-modified mantle was abundant prior to 220 Ma in the central Qiangtang terrane.