Gravity wave exclusion circles in background flows modulated by the semidiurnal tide

In this short paper the exclusion circles and vertical phase locities for gravity waves launched from the ground into a time-varying wind are studied using a ray-tracing technique. It is shown that waves with initial observed phase speeds that should place them within the local temporally varying exclusion circle, are often Doppler shifted outside of the circle. This, and the finite lifetime of some critical levels, allow waves to survive the critical layer and reach higher altitudes. Also, for slower phase-speed waves, the temporally varying wind can shift the observed frequency to negative values, so that the observed phase motions will be opposite (i.e. horizontally reversed and vertically upward), even though the energy still propagates upward. This effect can also cause the phase velocity to move inside the local exclusion circle. Due to the directional filtering of wave sources by the stratospheric wind, the percentage of such reverse-propagating waves will change systematically with local time and height in our simplified but realistic model. These results are related to ground-based systems, optical and radar, which sample the wind field and gravity waves in the middle atmosphere.     

The Paleoceanography during the Time with High δ13C of Phanerozoic marine carbonates

Carbon isotopic composition of marine carbonates is a record for various important geological events in the process of earth development and evolution. The carbonates of Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic, as the transition from Paleozoic to Mesozoic-Cenozoic have very high ¹³C value. Taking this as the main point, and combined with the oxygen, strontium isotopic composition in carbonates, distribution of carbonate basin area through geologic time, the correlation of carbon isotopic composition of marine carbonates to sea level change, organic carbon burial flux, exchange of CO₂ content in atmosphere and ocean, and long cycle evolution of the earth ecosystems were approached. The results are shown as follows: ①The interval of ¹³C >3‰ during Phanerozoic was concentrated in Carboniferous, Permian and the beginning of Triassic, but the beginning of Triassic was characterized by higher frequency and larger fluctuations in ¹³C value during a short time, whereas the Carboniferous-Permian presented a continuously stable high ¹³C value, indicating a larger amount of organic carbon accumulation in this time interval. Relatively high ¹⁸O values during this time was also observed, showing a long time of glaciations and cold climate, which suggest a connection among rapid organic carbon burial, cold climate, as well as pCO₂ and pO₂ states of atmosphere. ②The over consumption of atmosphere CO₂ by green plants during the time with high ¹³C of seawater forced CO₂ being transferred from ocean to atmosphere for the balance, but the decrease in the seawater amount and water column pressure caused by the global cooling could weaken dissolution capacity of CO₂ in seawater and carbon storage of marine carbonates, and also reduce the carbonate sedimentary rate and decrease the carbonate basin area globally from Devonian to Carboniferous and Permian. During the middle-late Permian carbonate was widely replaced by siliceous sediments even though in shallow carbonate platform, which resulted in the decrease of marine invertebrates, suggesting the Permian chert event should be global. ③The Phanerozoic ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr trend of seawater showed a sharp fall in Permian and drop to a minimum at the end of the Permian, indicting input of strontium from the submarine hydrothermal systems (mantle flux). Such process should accompany with a supplement of CO₂ from deep earth to atmosphere and ocean system, but the process associated with widespread volcanism and rises of earth’s surface temperature pricked up the mass extinction during the time of end Permian. ④Cold climate and increase of continental icecap volume, the amalgamation of northern Africa and Laurentia continentals were the main reasons responsible for the sea level drop, but the water consumption result from the significantly increased accumulation of organic carbon should also be one of the reasons for the sea level drop on the order of tens of meters. ⑤The mass extinction at the end Permian was an inevitable event in the process of earth system adjustment. It was difficult for marine invertebrates to survive because of the continuously rapid burial of organic carbon, and of the decrease of sea water amount and its dissolution ability to CO₂. At last, at the end of Paleozoic, the supplement of CO₂ to atmosphere and ocean by widely magma activities resulted in a high temperature of earth surface and intensified mass extinction.     

分布式空间分析运算关键技术

为了提高分布式环境下海量空间数据的空间运算的效率,解决空间分析处理模块在设计上与底层的数据库服务协议、空间数据模型等透明一致的设计问题.分析了分布式空间运算具备的基本特征,从空间运算任务分解和分布式空间数据的划分方法、共享数据复制策略、基于负载的数据划分策略和空间运算框架的缓存机制等几个方面讨论分布式空间信息的运算技术体系,并提出现阶段可行的实现框架.基于本框架开发的系统用于实际应用中,较好地解决了分布式环境下的大规模复杂空间数据运算的效率问题.以分布式环境下的经典空间运算为例进行的试验表明:该框架设计新颖,提高了空间运算效率.      

南海表层沉积物中细粒组分的稀土元素地球化学特征

对南海表层沉积物中的细粒组分进行电感耦合等离子体质谱法测试, 探讨南海稀土元素分布特征及其影响因素.结果表明, 南海表层沉积物中稀土元素分布主要与陆源物质输入、生物活动和火山物质补给密切相关.南海细粒组分的配分模式与中国黄土的接近, 与周边的珠江、湄公河等河流输入物质也有相似性, 而与南海碱性玄武岩存在显著差异, 表明南海沉积物主要来自于周边大陆.稀土元素趋势分析表明, 珠江口往外至海南岛南部海域中沉积物朝东南方向向陆坡输送; 台西南至珠江口往外海域沉积物大多向南输运; 吕宋岛西部海域包括黄岩岛附近海域的火山物质主要向西北方向输送, 向西可达113°E、向北可至20°N附近; 南海南部沉积物整体上向南沙海槽西北部附近海域输送.      

剪切带的流体－岩石相互作用

作为大陆岩石圈中的应变局部化带，剪切带中一般都渗透着大量流体。流体的来源与剪切带所处的构造背景、流变域和水文条件有关，而剪切带中流体的流动则受岩石的渗透率、孔隙度、孔隙性质、流体的扩散和渗透能力、环境的温压条件、应力或载荷的梯度等因素所制约。剪切带中流体的成分、通量及赋存状态或流动方式，直接影响着岩石的流变。由应变局部化及力学失稳所引起的化学不平衡和由流体与岩石的相互作用，使剪切带岩石的矿物成分和化学成分发生调整，其变异程度取决于原岩的性质、剪切的温压条件和流体的成分及通量等。由于流体的渗透流动和流体与岩石的相互作用使剪切带的体积有所变化，体积变化过程是一种自组织行为。较大的体积亏损，意味着剪切带中渗透过大量的流体，这对剪切带的流变行为、化学行为和成矿作用都有深刻的影响。     

黄海南部野生银鲳和鮸鱼的耳石元素微化学研究

利用电子显微探针元素分析技术(EPMA)对黄海南部野生银鲳和鮸鱼的耳石进行了锶和钙沉积特征的初步分析。定量线分析结果表明,两种鱼类耳石的Sr/Ca之间存在显著的种间差异。银鲳耳石Sr/Ca比,在耳石核心及相邻处为低值区(5.86±0.92);3段Sr/Ca高值区分别为近核心部(7.88±1.28)、第1龄处(9.44±1.82)及耳石边缘(7.91±1.38);揭示银鲳孵化和早期发育应需要盐度适中的生境,当龄鱼在后期的生长中需洄游经过两段高盐生境(其中之一在第1龄时)。鮸鱼耳石Sr/Ca比波动表现为耳石核心处(7.72±0.97)高于其余部分,反映了鮸鱼孵化及初期发育阶段可能生活在高盐度生境,而当龄鱼随后阶段的生长和发育过程则会洄游至盐度有所降低的生境中进行。     

粤东深澳湾养殖区域异养细菌和弧菌的动态分布

调查于2007年1月至2008年12月进行,对异养细菌和弧菌丰度的时间和空间分布开展了相关的研究,结果显示深澳养殖海湾水体中以上2种被调查菌类的丰度全年变化范围分别为1.20×105―1.27×108cfu·L-1和1.00×103―3.90×105cfu·L-1;底质中的丰度变化范围分别为2.73×104―4.06×107cfu·g-1和3.25×102―7.23×104cfu·g-1.从时间上来看,营养盐类与异养细菌的相关性要强于温度、盐度、pH值和溶氧等物理因素的相关性;而弧菌与物理因素的相关性要强于与营养盐类的相关性.从空间分布来看水体环境的变化要比底质的大,水体中经常出现异养细菌和弧菌丰度的剧烈变化,变化程度也远远高于底质中细菌的变化.而且不同的养殖活动也会很明显地影响异养细菌和弧菌的丰度:S3站位水体中异养细菌的丰度比底质中的高;S5站位的底质中异养细菌和弧菌的丰度都是较高的.龙须菜的养殖可以很明显地改善底质环境,特别是降低底质中对养殖和水质环境有很大负面影响的生物和非生物因子如硫化物和弧菌等.     

彗星等离子体某些特征的讨论

本文讨论了彗星中尘埃粒子的充电机制 ,带电特性和平衡电势的变化规律 ,分析了彗星尘埃的破碎特性和临界半径 ,得出了很有意义的结果     

增氧机自动控制电路

介绍作者自行设计、研制的控制增氧机运行时间的自动控制电路及其原理．该电路采用ＣＭＯＳ集成芯片，结构简单、工作可靠，价格低，业经试验证实：各项性能指标均符合要求．     

积极推进海域使用管理两项制度的落实

海域使用管理两项制度的推进,是国家海洋局2000年重点工作任务之一。在局党组的高度关注下,在海域管理司领导和全司同志的共同努力下,在财政部综合司的大力支持下,2000年海域使用管理工作成效显著,管理力度明显加大。 1 稳打稳扎,逐步贯彻落实海域使用管理的两项制度