中强震前后泉水中砷含量变化特征及其在地震预报中应用的可行性研究

作者在滇西红河断裂带北段布设了5个泉点,开展了砷含量变化的观测研究。通过近三年的观测,发现泉水中砷含量的变化能较好地反映该地区的中强地震活动,地震前泉水中砷含量明显增高。以澜沧7.6级地震为例,讨论了地震前后地下水中砷含量的异常特征及异常机理,并对其在地震预报中应用的可行性进行了论证。     

甘肃河西地区土地资源农业开发利用程度评价及持续利用对策研究

土地资源是区域社会经济发展的基本资源之一,土地资源开发利用程度评价将为人们了解掌握区域土地开发利用合理与否提供科学信息。作为重要商品粮基地的甘肃河西地区,土地农业开发利用历史悠久,文章通过土地资源农业开发利用程度评价研究,初步分析研究了区域土地开发利用特点,旨在为区域可持续发展战略的制定提供科学依据。     

Sediment accumulation of Dianchi Lake determined by 137Cs dating

The water quality of Dianchi Lake declines quickly and the eutrophication is getting serious. To identify the internal pollution load of Dianchi Lake it is necessary to evaluate its sediment accumulation. Sedimentation rates of Dianchi Lake are determined by ¹³⁷Cs dating. However, ¹³⁷Cs vertical distribution in sediment cores of Dianchi Lake has special characteristics because Dianchi Lake is located on the southeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Kunming quasi-stationary front is over the borders of Yunnan and Guizhou where the specific precipitation is distributed. Besides 1954, 1963 and 1986 ¹³⁷Cs marks can be determined in sediment cores, a ¹³⁷Cs mark of 1976 representing the major period of ¹³⁷Cs released from China unclear test can be determined and used for an auxiliary dating mark. Meanwhile Dianchi Lake is divided into seven sections based on the water depth, basin topography, hydrological features and supplies of silt and the lakebed area of each section is calculated. The mean annual sedimentation rates for seven sections are 0.0810, 0.1352, 0.1457, 0.1333, 0.0904, 0.1267 and 0.1023 g/cm²a in 1963–2003, respectively. The gross sediment accumulation of the lake is 26.18×10⁴ t/a in recent 17 years and 39.86×10⁴ t/a in recent 50 years. Foundation: National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40771186; The Key Project of the State Key Laboratory of Soil Sustainable Agriculture, Nanjing Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.5022505 Author: Zhang Yan (1962–), Ph.D and Associate Professor, specialized in environmental change.     

广东新会市人口,耕地,粮食问题及灰色模型预测

在我国改革开放政策实行较早的广东珠江三角洲地区，我们对地处西南部的新会市进行了为期两年的全面、典型抽样调查。发现全市的耕地面积和播种面积呈下降趋势，单产虽有较大幅度的增长但粮食总产量的增长缓慢，速度低于全市总人口的自然增长率，因此人均粮食产量呈下降趋势。根据建立的灰色ＧＭ（１，１）模型预测，新会市２０１０年人均耕地面积只有０．０２５ｈｍ＾２，在“人均４分保命田”之下。因此，本文对该地区作出的粮食及     

基于QFD的自动气象站运行质量测评

将质量功能展开(Quality Function Deployment,QFD)方法引入到自动气象站运行质量测评研究中,建立了观测员对自动气象站运行满意度测评质量功能展开模型,通过两个阶段的质量屋结构将观测员对自动气象站运行质量逐步展开为观测员所关注的具体细节,该模型不但可以帮助自动站设计人员、业务管理人员、技术保障人员及测报员直观了解自动气象站运行现状,而且为提高自动气象站运行质量指明了需要改进的技术和方法.     

青藏高原地区OLR与地面有效辐射关系的分析

青藏高原;;OLR;;地面有效辐射     

A numerical investigation on the interaction of turbulent and long-wave radiative fluxes in the surface layer

The interaction of turbulent and radiative transfer applied to a number of plausible atmospheric situations in the surface layer under the stably stratified condition is discussed.The calculated results show that the long-wave radiative flux has a great influence upon the thermal structure of the surface layer, and that it usually acts in such a way as to weaken the thickness of the constant turbulent heat flux layer. In the case of low wind velocities and strongly stable stratifications, the thickness of the turbulent heat flux layer will become very thin and/or inexistent.     

柴达木盆地东部尕海湖DG03孔岩芯粒度特征及环境意义

对柴达木盆地东部尕海湖DG03孔岩芯沉积物的粒度特征的研究,结果表明:在12 800—11 800 cal a BP之间,DG03孔沉积物主要以砂为主,含少量的粉砂和粘土,表明钻孔地点的水动力条件比较强,湖泊水位较低,尕海地区经历了一次短暂的干旱事件,这一事件可能是该区域对全球性的YD事件的响应;全新世早中期（11 800—5 600 cal a BP）,沉积物主要以粉砂和粘土为主,钻孔地点的水动力条件比较弱,湖泊水位较高,气候环境相对湿润;全新世中晚期以来（5 600 cal a BP以来）,沉积物中砂粒组分含量越来越多,粉砂和粘土含量越来越少,平均粒径越来越大,钻孔地点的水动力越来越强,该区域经历了一个干旱化的过程。     

触发重庆山洪灾害的典型环流和影响系统分析

通过对触发重庆山洪灾害的31次区域性暴雨的特点以及产生重庆区域性暴雨的典型大气环流形势和主要影响系统的统计分析,结果表明:(1)重庆山洪灾害主要是强降水引起的滑坡、局部泥石流和小溪流的洪涝等灾害,其危害极大;(2)诱发重庆山洪灾害的典型区域性强降水主要出现在5~9月,其中7月出现频率最大;(3)绝大部分区域性强降水过程产生前,在500 hPa中、高纬地区上空形成两脊一槽型(占52%)或两槽一脊型的环流形势(占42%);(4)高原槽(高原切变)、高原涡、副热带高压、西南涡、低空急流、地面冷锋等为其主要影响系统。