基于Hilbert-Huang变换的地震瞬时属性提取方法及应用(英文)

希尔伯特—黄变换(Hilbert-Huang transform,HHT)是一种新的适合非平稳和非线性信号的分析方法,由于地震信号一般呈现出非平稳与非线性特性,因此HHT非常适合地震信号的分析。本文首先介绍了HHT中关于经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)的实现过程,在此基础上分析了几种基于EMD获得本征模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Functions,IMF)来计算瞬时频率的算法,其中利用了两个采样间隔瞬时频率的平均来计算瞬时频率,较好地反映了地震信号频率成分随时间变化的特征。将该方法应用于四川东北部某地区海相碳酸盐岩地层三维地震叠后偏移数据处理,提取"三瞬"地震属性,与传统的希尔伯特变换提取的"三瞬"地震属性进行对比,结果表明基于HHT的"三瞬"地震属性结果具有更高的分辨率,IMF2的瞬时相位能够较好地刻画台地边缘生物礁相,IMF2的瞬时频率亦具有较好的分带性。将IMF2的"三瞬"地震属性与钻井等资料结合分析,能够更好地识别沉积相的分布。     

物理守恒律保真全球谱模式辐射—云—对流过程的改进

辐射—云一对流相互作用的正确和合理描述是改进湿物理过程描述和数值模式的重要方面.在一个物理守恒律保真的全球模式中引入描述更细致的云参数化方案和辐射参数化方案,对6个30天实时资料数值积分进行分析.结果表明,通过云参数化方案中云描述的细化,改进了模式对云分布、云量、以及云水、云冰不同相态的模拟;辐射方案中对这些云水物质的...     

2010年7月19日新乡大暴雨天气分析

利用常规观测资料、卫星云图资料、雷达回波和NCEP全球最终分析资料(FNL),对2010年7月19日新乡区域性大暴雨过程进行了诊断分析.结果表明:在西南涡与副高相互作用的天气形势下,中低层切变线等影响系统造成了这次区域性大暴雨;对流层中低层副高外围强盛的西南急流将海上充沛的水汽输送到大暴雨区并在此汇集,造成新乡地区上空...     

北京地区自动气象站气温观测资料的质量评估

该文从完整性、准确性、可靠性3个方面设计了自动气象站数据质量评估的流程,并对北京地区187个自动气象站1998—2009年逐时气温资料进行了质量评估。结果显示:北京地区自动气象站建设初期重点兼顾城区和山区的布设策略,为北京区域气候研究提供了较好的基础;北京地区正常运行的自动气象站发生中度和重度缺测的站点相对较少,离散和轻度连续的缺测较集中,具有较好的区域一致性;错误发生率最高为3.8%,大多数年份错误发生率均在1%以下,可见自动气象站错误数据相对较少;尽管可疑数据涉及的站点相对较多,但经空间一致性检查后,有超过50%可归并为正确数据。评估分析结果表明:北京地区自动气象站数据具有一定的准确性和可靠性,具有较强的应用潜力和前景。     

隆林县2009—2010年秋冬春连旱成因分析与评估

分析2009～2010年隆林秋冬春连旱的直接原因和深层次原因,并利用降水距平百分率和相对湿润度指数对气象干旱等级进行评估,为政府和有关部门抗旱救灾和灾害评估提供参考。     

Dam break threshold value and risk probability assessment for an earth dam

In dam safety assessment, it is customary to focus on stability analysis, and the safety factor is regarded as an assessment index that cannot correctly reflect the effect of multi-factors and variable uncertainty. The factors that induce dam breaks are complex and uncertain; however, three primary ones can be identified: hydrological factors, seepage and bank slope instability. In this paper, the risk probability and the dam break threshold value for each factor individually, as well as coupled factors, are studied. The threshold value is acquired using the relationship formula between risk probability and dam type. The Dongwushi reservoir located in the Hebei province of China is taken as a case study. The results show that the dam break threshold values for hydrological factors, seepage and bank slope instability are 2.53, 2.02 and 2.69, respectively. The integrated dam break threshold value for the coupled factors is 1.25, which indicates that the dam is under serious stress according to the established risk assessment standard. The safety factor is calculated as 1.15 using the Bishop method, which indicates that the dam is under serious stress. The results obtained by the proposed method are consistent with those of the Bishop method. Finally, the proposed theory and method are introduced into a dam safety evaluation system (DSES) for convenient and efficient dam safety management.     

Detrital Zircon Dating of Meso- and Neoproterozoic Rocks in North China and Its Implications

New dates from Meso- and Neoproterozoic strata contribute to the recently defined Precambrian stratigraphical timescale of China agreed by the Subcommission on the Precambrian System, and the National Commission on Stratigraphy of China on Nov. 24, 2009. First, the age range of the Changcheng System, including the Changzhougou, Chuanlinggou, Tuanshanzi and Dahongyu formations has been constrained to 1.8–1.6 Ga. Second, the Jixian System including the Gaoyuzhuang, Yangzhuang, Wumishan, Hongshuizhuang and Tieling formations has been constrained to 1.6–1.4 Ga. Third, an as-yet unnamed (undefined) system (1.4–1.0 Ga) is only developed in the Xiamaling Formation at the Jixian section, Tianjing. Fourth, the Qingbaikou System, including the Luotuoling and Jing’eryu formations has been constrained to 1.0–0.78 Ga. Fifth, the Nanhuan System ranges between 780–635 Ma, and the Sinian System is within 635–542 Ma. However, according to a series of SHRIMP U-Pb dates from the late Precambrian in the Jiangnan Orogen Belt in South China Platform, the constrained strata will be redefined as in the upper part of the Qingbaikou System. To aid global geodynamics, it is useful to denote a late Precambrian section with unified, precise and high-precision chronological dating; this is here defined in North China Block and Jiaoliao-Korean Block. However, the Neoproterozoic Qingbaikou study in North China will be influence in whole Meso- and Neoproterozoic in the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt in between the Yangtze Block and the Cathaysia Block in South China.     

Combining advanced NMR techniques with ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry: A new strategy for molecular scale characterization of macromolecular components of soil and sedimentary organic matter

Molecular level characterization of complex biopolymers in nature is a key element to understanding the composition of natural organic matter (NOM) and fossil organic matter formation, such as kerogen and coal. Characterization of such geopolymers is difficult due to their heterogeneity and insolubility in common aqueous or organic solvents. Here, a strategy for extracting a representative sample is presented using the combined techniques of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) for chemical analysis and characterization of NOM. A variety of NOM samples (wood, kerogen, bitumen, whole sediments) are shown as examples for implementing the strategy, which include solvent extractions using pyridine. For most samples, the extracts are confirmed to be chemically representative of the insoluble solid, by comparing the liquids NMR spectrum of the extract to that of the whole, unfractionated NOM utilizing high resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) NMR. To assist in unambiguous peak assignment, a technique for post acquisition spectral denoising, using wavelet transformation (WT), is also employed on the 1D and 2D NMR spectra. The findings from the NMR data lay a foundation for the subsequent electrospray ionization FTICR-MS analysis of the pyridine extracts, since this instrument has the limitation of only analyzing liquid samples. The FTICR-MS analyses can, therefore, be used to molecularly represent the structural components of the NOM. Various compositional insights have been obtained on these samples, indicating the efficacy of the analytical techniques used.     

贵州省平坝外郎田地区上二叠统合山组的层序地层及沉积特征

本文从层序界面和基本层序特征入手,对平坝外郎田地区的合山组进行了层序地层划分和研究,并探讨了成煤阶段与层序地层间的关系和沉积特征。     

丹东绿玉石的宝玉石学特征研究

通过偏光显微镜、电子探针、X射线粉末衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线荧光光谱、微量元素测试等对丹东绿玉石样品进行了常规矿物学、谱学特征研究。结果表明,丹东绿玉石是以蛇纹石为主要矿物,镁橄榄石、白云石、水镁石、绿泥石、伊利石为次要矿物的蛇纹石化镁橄榄石矽卡岩。