内蒙古贺根山地区蛇绿岩稀土元素和Sm－Nd同位素研究

贺根山地区蛇绿岩各类岩石的稀土元素地球化学特征表明其为上地幔部分熔融、分异演化的产物，其Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ等时线年龄为４０３±２７Ｍａ，εＮｄ（Ｔ）＝＋８．７±０．６，结合蛇绿岩套上部玄武岩和变火山熔岩的岩石化学研究，可以确认蛇绿岩来源于大洋中脊亏损的上地慢。     

九里山煤矿垂直井起裂压力对煤层气产能的影响

为了总结豫北焦作矿区九里山煤矿煤层气井压裂抽采试验的成功经验与失败教训,基于弹性平面应变理论和数值模拟方法,讨论了煤岩体压裂缝的形成与发展机理,并推导了“三软”煤层压裂抽采井在不同地质条件下的起裂压力计算公式。通过对比计算结果与实际抽放试验资料,认识到在张性断裂构造发育的大水矿区,过大的压裂措施使煤层气井筒附近煤储层隔水底板受到较为严重的损伤,压裂缝转向底板太原组L7-8岩溶含水层, 导致大量地下水涌入地面采井。从产能效果看,强烈的地下水径流作用,使原先游离于储层空隙中的煤层气逸散殆尽,孔隙水压也使得大量吸附于裂隙中的煤层气难以解析,因而无法形成长期稳定的单井规模产量。     

The study of soil acidification of paddy field influenced by acid mine drainage

The acidification of paddy fields was studied in Guizhou Province, China. Affected by acid mine drainage, the pH value of irrigation water was 2.9 with the concentrations of iron and aluminium above 40 mg/L. Based on the pH(H₂O) of topsoil, the paddy fields studied were classified spatially into three zones, the natural zone (pH value from 6.2 to 5.5), the acidified zone (pH value from 5.5 to 4.5), and the seriously acidified zone (pH value from 4.5 to 3.2), respectively. Comparing to the natural zone, the buffering processes for acidification of paddy soil were discussed by considering the changes of calcium, magnesium, potassium and aluminium in soils. The Ca, Mg and K were leached from the soil by the decomposition of carbonate and kaolinite. The leaching of Mg became less with the enrichment of iron in topsoil layer. When the soil pH was below 5.0, aluminium was leached from soil because of the dissolution of alumino silicate minerals. In addition, the hydrolysis of iron and aluminium in soil provided more protons to promote the soil acidification. Furthermore, the buffer capacity of paddy soil was discussed by the results of buffer experiment, based on which the pH buffer curve was drawn and the empirical formula for calculating the acidification rate was developed. Because pH buffer capacity of soil is about 2.78 cmol_c/kg pH for the pH(H₂O) value above 5.0, it is estimated that only another 50 years are needed for the pH(H₂O) of the paddy soil decrease to 3.5 in the acidified zone if the acid water is used for irrigation continuously.     

北京春季沙尘和霾期间气溶胶的对比模拟研究

利用气象模式WRF驱动区域空气质量模式RAQMS,模拟研究了2014年北京地区春季颗粒物及气溶胶化学组分的时空变化,对比分析了沙尘期（3月17日、29日）和霾期（3月25～27日）的天气形势、气象要素和气溶胶化学组分特征,比较了沙尘和人为气溶胶表面非均相化学反应对大气化学成分的影响及相对贡献。结果显示,模式对于气象要素、PM2.5、PM10及其化学组分具有较好的模拟能力,考虑了气溶胶表面非均相化学反应后明显提高了模式对PM2.5及气溶胶化学组分模拟的准确性。沙尘期间,沙尘对PM10质量浓度贡献占主导地位（50.7%）,对PM2.5的贡献与有机气溶胶（OM）和人为排放的一次颗粒物（PPM）相当;霾期间,硝酸盐NO₃?（25.6%）和OM（23.6%）对PM2.5的贡献最大,在PM10中NO₃?、PPM和OM的贡献相当。沙尘期,粗粒子明显增加,在PM10中所占比例与细粒子相当,为45.5%;霾期,细粒子占主导地位,占PM10质量浓度的85.6%。非均相化学反应使沙尘期间硫酸盐（SO₄2–）和NO₃–浓度分别增加16.9%和83.8%,使霾期间的SO₄2?和NO₃–浓度分别增加14.5%和45.0%。2014年3月,非均相化学反应使北京月均SO₂、NO₂、O₃、SO₄2?、NH₄+和NO₃?的浓度分别变化了?2.5%、?5.7%、?3.4%、11.7%、18.6%和58.5%,本文结果表明非均相化学反应对二次无机气溶胶的生成有重要贡献。     

Property estimation of free-field sand in 1-g shaking table tests

Experimental data taken from free-field soil in 1-g shaking table tests are valuable for seismic studies on soil-structure interaction. But the available data from medium-to large-scale shaking table tests were not abundant enough to cover a large variety of types and conditions of the soil. In the study, 1-g shaking table tests of a 3-m-height sand column were conducted to provide seismic experimental data about sand. The sand was directly collected in-situ, with the largest grain diameter bein...     

关于加强莒县土地市场建设的调查报告

近年来,莒县根据《土地管理法》等法律法规及上级各项文件精神,积极深化土地使用制度改革,通过建立土地储备制度,积极推行土地招标拍卖,使市场对土地使用权的优化配置力度越来越大,截至目前,政府土地纯收益已累计入库14753万元,初步实现了“以地生财”、“以地兴城”的目标。     

塔里木盆地塔中I号断裂带西缘奥陶系油气成藏与主控因素研究

塔中低凸起是塔里木盆地油气资源最丰富的地区之一,而塔中I号断裂带西缘也在多个层系中见到了不同程度的油气显示,并在上奥陶统良里塔格组获得了高产工业油气流,在下奥陶统鹰山组获得了低产油气流.本文通过油源对比、油气水物性对比、包裹体均一温度分析等方法并结合前人的研究成果,探讨了塔中I号断裂带西缘塔中86井区-塔中45井区奥陶系的油气成藏过程,认为该区奥陶系有过三期油气充注,即晚加里东期、晚海西期和燕山期-喜马拉雅期.晚加里东期的油气来自于寒武系-下奥陶统烃源岩,晚海西期的油气来自于中-上奥陶统烃源岩,两期油气均自塔中88井沿碳酸盐岩岩溶储层侧向运移而来;燕山期-喜马拉雅期主要以天然气为主,成因复杂.另外,认为该区油气富集的主控因素主要有3点:多源多期油气充注、优质的碳酸盐岩岩溶储层及各种成藏要素的优质配置.     

中国外向型经济区制造业空间重构的理论基础与科学议题

当前,新一轮国际产业转移与我国经济转型形成历史性交汇,表现出不同以往的多元化过程与不同尺度的空间响应。我国以珠三角为代表的外向型经济区内部出现企业迁入与迁出并存、旧产业区衰退与新产业区增长并存的新现象。这一新现象与经典的“核心-边缘”理论所描述的核心与外围之间的集聚、扩散过程有很大区别,是核心区域内部,在集聚、扩散效应的共同作用下,同时出现增长与衰退的空间分化。需要深入研究新时期制造业企业集聚、扩散的多元化过程、经济区域演化的多尺度空间效应、制造业空间重构的多重动力机制等科学议题,从“多元化区位过程-多尺度空间效应-多重动力机制”,建立一个从企业区位到经济区域演化的理论分析框架,探索符合时代背景与我国国情的产业集聚和扩散理论,为我国外向型经济区积极应对新一轮国际产业转移,主动谋划转型与发展提供科学依据。     

Nonlocal regularization of an anisotropic critical state model for sand

Acta Geotechnica - Many advanced constitutive models which can capture the strain-softening and state-dependent dilatancy response of sand have been developed. These models can give good prediction...