缝合线成因新认识

传统观点认为,碳酸盐岩中的缝合线是在岩石负载或构造应力作用下压溶形成的,是一种化学压实作用的产物。对缝合线进行综合研究,发现其具有“四性特征”,即完整性、亲烃性、排孔性及胀裂汇聚性。综合以上“四性”认为,缝合线主要是岩石在负重或构造应力作用下烃类（或泥质）使岩石发生胀裂形成的一种锯齿状裂缝,是烃类（或泥质）开辟的排烃通道,压溶作用对缝合线的贡献还有待研究。与碳酸盐岩相比,泥岩不发育缝合线,主要在于泥岩优势孔隙半径较大,烃类可以通过微孔以渗透方式向外排放,不需要形成缝合线。通过缝合线形成机理探讨,查明了碳酸盐岩与泥岩排烃方式的区别,进而对碳酸盐岩与泥岩封盖性进行对比。     

盆地深部穹隆构造发育特征、成因机制及石油地质意义——以塔里木盆地顺北地区为例

塔里木盆地顺北地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩中广泛发育穹隆构造.为研究盆地深部穹隆构造的发育特征、成因机制及石油地质意义,基于顺北地区高精度三维地震资料,对穹隆构造开展几何学定量解析,确定其空间分布规律及内部结构样式;结合区域构造背景及盆内构造发育特征,明确其成因机制;在此基础上,结合生产动态数据探讨穹隆构造的控储—控藏作用.研究...     

Numerical Simulation of Rainfall-induced Xianchi Reservoir Landslide in Yunyang, Chongqing, China

A calamitous landslide happened at 22:00 on September 1, 2014 in the Yunyang area of Chongqing City, southwest China, enforcing the evacuation of 508 people and damaging 23 buildings. The landslide volume comprised 1.44 million m3 of material in the source area and 0.4 million m3 of shoveled material. The debris flow runout extended 400 m vertically and 1600 m horizontally. The Xianchi reservoir landslide event has been investigated as follows: (1) samples collected from the main body of landslide were carried out using GCTS ring shear apparatus; (2) the parameters of shear and pore water pressure have been measured; and (3) the post-failure characteristics of landslide have been analyzed using the numerical simulation method. The excess pore-water pressure and erosion in the motion path are considered to be the key reasons for the long-runout motion and the scale-up of landslides, such as that at Xianchi, were caused by the heavy rainfall. The aim of this paper is to acquired numerical parameters and the basic resistance model, which is beneficial to improve simulation accuracy for hazard assessment for similar to potentially dangerous hillslopes in China and elsewhere.     

桂林会仙岩溶湿地典型水生植物δ13C特征与固碳量估算

为促进目前岩溶碳汇稳定性和速率等科学问题的深入研究,在分析桂林会仙岩溶湿地主要水生植物碳同位素的基础上,利用基于碳酸酐酶活性与植物碳同位素值显著正相关的二端元模型,估算了不同植物利用光合作用固定HCO3-的比例。结果表明,湿地核心区沉水植物光合作用固定HCO3-碳量在4.86~64.73 tC/（a?km2）之间,挺水植物为15.68~453.01 tC/（a?km2）,平均值为76.74 tC/（a?km2）。按平均值计算会仙湿地水生植物光合作用固定HCO3-碳量为4 466.27 tC/a,即在会仙湿地岩溶地下河补给的HCO3-中约47 %被水生植物光合作用固定。水生植物光合作用固碳效果明显,是碳汇研究中不容忽视的一个十分重要的问题。      

基于TIN的LiDAR数据滤波算法研究

研究利用区域生长滤波算法将原始激光点云数据直接构建不规则三角网(TIN),并选择地面最低高程点作为初始种子点,根据设定的高差阈值对种子点的邻域进行区域生长滤波处理。通过对试验区机载LiDAR点云数据的滤波处理结果与基于坡度滤波和基于移动窗口的高程滤波算法进行对比分析,结果显示该方法具有一定的优越性。     

考虑土石料颗粒破碎和密度变化的次塑性本构模型建模方法

试验和现场观测都发现高土石坝的坝料在高压及湿化作用下会发生显著的颗粒破碎,颗粒破碎会改变土石料的级配曲线和密度,因而影响其后继力学行为,因此,土石料的颗粒破碎是当前岩土工程领域的研究热点。为了模拟土石料在高压及湿化作用下发生显著的颗粒破碎现象,以及循环加载中的颗粒破碎与应力诱导各向异性随动硬化共同影响下土石料的变形,本文提出了一个建模方法,考虑土石料颗粒破碎和密度变化的影响。所建议的次塑性本构模型在经过试验资料的验证后可用于动力有限元数值计算。     

Storage and density of soil organic carbon in urban topsoil of hilly cities: A case study of Chongqing Municipality of China

Rapid urbanization results in the conversion of natural soil to urban soil,and consequently,the storage and density of the soil carbon pools change.Taking Chongqing Municipality of China as a study case,this investigation attempts to better understand soil carbon pools in hilly cities.First,the vegetated areas in the study area were derived from QuickBird images.Then,topsoil data from 220 soil samples(0-20 cm) in the vegetated areas were collected and their soil organic carbon(SOC) densities were analyzed.Using the Kriging interpolation method,the spatial pattern of SOC was estimated.The results show that the SOC density exhibited high spatial variability in the urban topsoil of Chongqing.First,the SOC density in topsoil decreased according to slope in the order 2°-6° < 25°-90° < 0°-2° < 6°-15° < 15°-25°.Second,the newly developed areas during 2001-2010 had a lower SOC density than the areas built before 1988.Third,urban parks and gardens had a higher SOC density in topsoil,residential green land followed,and scattered street green land ranked last.For hilly cities,the variability of terrain affects the distribution of SOC.The Kriging results indicate that Kriging method combining slope with SOC density produced a high level of accuracy.The Kriging results show that the SOC density to the north of the Jialing River was higher than the south.The vegetated areas were estimated to amount to 73.5 km2 across the study area with an SOC storage of 0.192 Tg and an average density of 2.61 kg/m2.     

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