Mapping the permafrost stability on the Tibetan Plateau for 2005–2015

Data scarcity is a major obstacle for high-resolution mapping of permafrost on the Tibetan Plateau(TP).This study produces a new permafrost stability distribution map for the 2010 s(2005–2015)derived from the predicted mean annual ground temperature(MAGT)at a depth of zero annual amplitude(10–25 m)by integrating remotely sensed freezing degree-days and thawing degree-days,snow cover days,leaf area index,soil bulk density,high-accuracy soil moisture data,and in situ MAGT measurements from 237 boreholes on the TP by using an ensemble learning method that employs a support vector regression model based on distance-blocked resampled training data with 200 repetitions.Validation of the new permafrost map indicates that it is probably the most accurate of all currently available maps.This map shows that the total area of permafrost on the TP,excluding glaciers and lakes,is approximately 115.02(105.47–129.59)×10^4 km^2.The areas corresponding to the very stable,stable,semi-stable,transitional,and unstable types are 0.86×10^4,9.62×10^4,38.45×10^4,42.29×10^4,and 23.80×10^4 km^2,respectively.This new map is of fundamental importance for engineering planning and design,ecosystem management,and evaluation of the permafrost change in the future on the TP as a baseline.     

甘肃省秋季飞机人工增雨天气系统分型

为了探讨甘肃秋季人工增雨天气系统的影响特征，利用甘肃省1991-2002年飞机人工增雨作业资料，对秋季飞机人工增雨作业情况进行了统计分析；按照甘肃省秋季天气系统特征，利用探空资料，建立了甘肃省秋季天气系统自动化“判别模型”，得出甘肃秋季降水的高空环流可分为三种类型：平直多波动型、西南气流型和西北气流型，其中降水类型以平直多波动型为主。通过“判别模型”对飞机人工增雨天气系统的分型，结果表明飞机人工增雨作业的主要天气类型为西南气流型和平直多波动型。可为人工增雨作业区域选择和航线设计提供天气气候背景。     

多进程并发在国内气象通信系统的应用

该文介绍了多进程并发在国内气象通信系统中传输新增资料的应用, 针对国内新增气象资料种类繁多 、信息量大 、传输时效要求高、传输频率快等特点, 传输软件通过使用避免僵尸进程产生的方法以及对多种进程间通信技术的比较, 选择了更好满足需求的消息队列通信技术, 使气象资料在国内气象通信系统中的处理时间缩短为原来的 43%, 提高了各种新增气象资料的传输效率 , 为气象资料提供了更好的共享平台, 更好地发挥各种探测仪器的作用。     

Characterization of Organic Contaminants in New York/New Jersey Harbor Sediments Using FTIR‐ATR and Synchrotron FTIR

Dredging and remediation of contaminated Harbor sediments requires characterization of organic pollutants. In this paper, we apply a combination of Fourier transform IR attenuated total reflectance (FTIR‐ATR) and synchrotron FTIR techniques to the investigation of sediments and related materials from New York/New Jersey Harbor and other locations. The FTIR techniques give information on the functional groups of the compounds found in the sediments and make possible measurements with a spatial resolution of about 0.015 mm. Comparisons of natural organic materials namely, river and groundwater humic substances, recent marine and lacustrine sediments, and ancient sedimentary kerogen show that contaminated NY/NJ Harbor sediments display a strong and distinct absorption in their IR spectra at 2850–2950 cm^?1 identified as a C? H stretching band, indicative of the presence of anthropogenic hydrocarbons. We suggest that the presence of this band could be used for rapid screening for the presence of contaminant organic compounds in sediments encountered in dredging operations and/or as an indicator for the efficacy of sediment decontamination technologies used for treatment of dredged material.     

蒸发岩非传统稳定同位素研究综述

蒸发岩是海水/卤水蒸发浓缩的产物,不同的水化学环境下析出的蒸发岩类型不同,其在不同的地质历史时期都有分布,是重要的古海水和古环境记录载体。蒸发岩研究的主要问题包括:蒸发岩的物质来源、形成时代、蒸发盆地和卤水的演化历史、蒸发岩矿物所记录的环境变化。一些矿物、元素及同位素指标可用于解决这些问题,其中稳定同位素对于示踪蒸发岩的物质来源与形成过程具有不可替代的作用。近20年来,非传统稳定同位素地球化学获得快速发展,并在蒸发岩研究中获得成功应用,这些同位素体系包括阴离子元素B、Cl和Br,以及阳离子元素Mg、K和Ca。本文综述了多个非传统稳定同位素在蒸发岩领域的研究,主要包括:蒸发岩矿物与溶液之间的同位素分馏系数、蒸发岩的同位素信息重建古海水同位素组成及示踪蒸发岩成因和时代等。     

华北北部相似形势下的两次雨转暴雪过程对比

利用加密自动站资料、风廓线资料、NCEP／NCAR1°×1°再分析资料和常规观测等气象资料,对2009年10月31日至11月1日和2012年3月17～18日发生在华北北部的2场相似形势的典型雨转暴雪天气过程进行了对比分析。结果表明：2次雨转暴雪天气过程都发生在过渡季节,并伴随雨雪转换,850hPa有明显锋区,锋前有倒槽发展,雨转暴雪出现在850hPa湿正压位涡项负值区（MPV1〈0）、湿斜压位涡项正值区（MPV2〉0）、整层大气可降水量大值区和700hPa的锋生函数脊线的重叠区域。700hPa出现冷平流中心且高度降低,近地层偏东风的有组织增强,850hPa温度≤-4℃,地面温度≤1℃是雨转雪的一个重要特征。     

华北现今三维形变场空间变化的基本特征

以1999～2007年GNSS观测资料为基础,利用多核函数及应变场的无偏算法,在形变场连续变化的条件下获得了华北地区现今形变场的非线性空间变化结果,局部区域超8 mm/a,其他部位隆升一般在6 mm/a以内;华北平原存在着一个巨型沉降“漏斗”,漏斗中心的数值近60 mm/a.就构造活动而言,结果基本揭示了华北地区现今的形变特征.     

阿图什市5.2级地震与于田6.2级地震前兆异常分析

利用阿克苏台网中心前兆观测数据,采用动态分析、形态法对新疆阿图什市Ms5.2地震和于田县Ms6.2地震进行系统分析.发现两次地震前,阿合奇台地倾斜资料、乌什台水管倾斜资料、伸缩仪资料、体应变及辅助测项钻孔水位和静水位数据、地电数据均出现明显的震前异常.其中水管仪、伸缩仪、体应变、地倾斜表现为打破年变,水管仪震前几天出现高频抖动、日变形态畸变;体应变辅助测项钻孔水位和静水位、地电震前表现为突变.     

基于多源数据的青藏高原雪深重建

青藏高原地形复杂,积雪时空分布异质性较强且大部分地区积雪较薄,而被动微波遥感因其空间分辨率低以及雪深反演中的不确定性,极大地限制了其反演青藏高原雪深的精度。本文尝试将多源遥感数据以及与积雪模型（SnowModel）相结合,来重建更高质量的青藏高原雪深数据。首先,利用MODIS积雪面积比例产品,根据构建的积雪衰减曲线以及经验的融合规则对低分辨率被动微波雪深进行了降尺度;然后,结合MODIS/被动微波融合雪深数据和SnowModel对研究区进行雪深数据同化实验;最后,利用地面站实测雪深数据对MODIS/被动微波融合雪深以及同化输出雪深的精度进行了分析和对比。结果表明,基于数据同化方法得到的雪深数据更接近地面观测雪深值,通过均方根误差以及相关系数的对比,同化雪深结果优于MODIS/被动微波融合雪深结果。     

An experimental study on dynamic response for MICP strengthening liquefiable sands

The technology of bio-grouting is a new technique for soft ground improvement. Many researchers have carried out a large number of experiments and study on this topic. However, few studies have been carried out on the dynamic response of solidified sand samples, such reducing liquefaction in sand. To study this characteristic of microbial-strengthened liquefiable sandy foundation, a microorganism formula and grouting scheme is applied. After grouting, the solidified samples are tested via dynamic triaxial testing to examine the cyclic performance of solidified sand samples. The results indicate that the solidified sand samples with various strengths can be obtained to meet different engineering requirements, the use of bacteria solution and nutritive salt is reduced, and solidified time is shortened to 1-2 days. Most importantly, in the study of the dynamic response, it is found that the MICP grouting scheme is effective in improving liquefiable sand characteristic, such as liquefaction resistance.