喇嘛苏铜矿床斑岩体地质地球化学特征及含矿性评价

矿区内广泛发育以斜长花岗斑岩和花岗闪长斑岩为主的中酸性斑岩体。斑岩的结构特征反映出岩浆浅成侵位成因。研究表明该区斑岩具有相对富硅和富碱高钾的岩石化学特征,属钙碱性系列;具有Ｃｕ、Ａｇ、Ｂｉ等成矿元素高丰度的微量元素地球化学特征和低ΣＲＥＥ与高δＥｕ值的稀土地球化学特征。矿区内铜矿化富集在斑岩体内外接触带,斑岩体深源浅成特点和富碱高钾岩石化学特征于铜矿化富集有利。Ｃｕ、Ａｇ等成矿元素高丰度及其与矿化类型一致性说明成矿与岩浆活动有密切成因关系。     

水-岩作用的线性规划模型与应用研究——以溪洛渡水电工程为例

采用水-岩作用热力学模拟的方法,以溪洛渡水电站工程为实例,从水化学方面对坝区复杂水文地质条件作了定量分析评价。研究成果充分反映了水-岩作用这种物理化学反应的结果,同时也为正确评价溪洛渡水电站复杂水文地质条件提供了可靠的依据。     

鄂西磷矿矿集区地质及其资源远景分析

鄂西磷矿的分布与产状受神农架背斜和黄陵背斜控制,为荆襄式晚震旦世沉积型磷块岩矿床。受浅海台地台坪亚相,磷块岩、泥(页)岩、白云岩含磷建造和水下隆起古构造等控制。晚震旦世陡山沱期磷矿评价标志为:上震旦统陡山沱阶;浅海台地台坪亚相;磷块岩、泥(页)岩、白云岩含磷建造;成矿地段陡山沱阶厚度一般小于200m,最佳150～50m;水下隆起带;磷块岩矿床一般分布在冰碛砾岩为0m的区域;含磷建造等深线一般小于1000m。评价结果表明,荆襄、宜昌、新华、神农架和保康磷矿区的深部及外围具有较好的资源远景,资源潜力大。     

应力波在波阻抗连续变化的弹性杆中的演化

利用特征线方法数值模拟计算了应力波在截面或弹性模量连续变化的弹性杆中的反射,同时也讨论了应力波脉冲宽度对反射波波形特征的影响,其结果对桩基测量有一定的参考价值。     

锡石的晶体结构和形态的关系

本文对不同成因类型的锡石晶体形态进行了研究,并从PBC(周期性键链)理论出发,讨论了锡石晶体形态与晶体结构的关系。笔者认为,锡石晶体具有三种F面,即s{111}、e{101}、m{110},与Hartman对同样结构类型的金红石晶面性质划分有所差异。据锡石晶面结构性质所推导的理想晶体形态图,与晶体测量所得到的天然晶体形态图总体上相吻合。     

Dissolved trace elements and heavy metals in the Danjiangkou Reservoir,China

Concentrations of trace elements and heavy metals (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, V and Zn) in the Danjiangkou Reservoir, the water source area of the Middle Route of China’s interbasin South to North Water Transfer Project, were analyzed using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES) and compared with the national and international standards for drinking water. The results indicated that concentrations of As, Pb, Sb and Se in the Reservoir exceeded the standards and they would pose health risk for residents in the region and the water receiving areas of the interbasin water transfer project. Spatial and temporal variability of the trace elements and heavy metals in the Reservoir implies their mixed sources of natural processing and anthropogenic activities in the upper drainage of the Reservoir. The research results would help develop water resource management and conservation strategy for the interbasin water transfer project.     

Rare earth elements (REE) of dissolved and suspended loads in the Xijiang River, South China

The Xijiang River is the main channel of the Zhujiang (Pearl River), the second largest river in China in terms of water discharge, and flows through one of the largest carbonate provinces in the world. The rare earth element (REE) concentrations of the dissolved load and the suspended particulate matter (SPM) load were measured in the Xijiang River system during the high-flow season. The low dissolved REE concentration in the Xijiang River is attributed to the interaction of high pH and low DOC concentration. The PAAS-normalized REE patterns for the dissolved load show some common features: negative Ce anomaly, progressively heavy REE (HREE) enrichment relative to light REE (LREE). Similar to the world’s major rivers the absolute concentration of the dissolved REE in the Xijiang River are mainly pH controlled. The degree of REE partitioning between the dissolved load and SPM load is also strongly pH dependent. The negative Ce anomaly is progressively developed with increasing pH, being consistent with the oxidation of Ce (III) to Ce (IV) in the alkaline river waters, and the lack of Ce anomalies in several DOC-rich waters is presumably due to both Ce (III) and Ce (IV) being strongly bound by organic matter. The PAAS-normalized REE patterns for the dissolved load and the SPM load in rivers draining the carbonate rock area exhibit middle REE (MREE) enrichment and a distinct maximum at Eu, indicating the preferential dissolution of phosphatic minerals during weathering of host lithologies. Compared to the Xijiang River waters, the MREE enrichment with a maximum at Eu disappeared and light REE were more depleted in the South China Sea (SCS) waters, suggesting that the REE sourced from the Xijiang River must be further fractionated and modified on entering the SCS. The river fluxes of individual dissolved REE introduced by the Xijiang River into the SCS vary from 0.04 to 4.36 × 10⁴ mol a⁻¹.     

黑龙江省土壤元素有效量及其与农作物的关系初探

将区域地球化学资料应用于农业问题的研究，是扩大区域地球化学资料应用领域的重要方面之一。通过土壤中Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｏ元素的全量、有效量、ｐＨ值、有机质与作物产量之间关系的研究，发现元素有效量与土壤中元素全量呈正相关，与ｐＨ值呈负相关，与有机质呈正相关，而作物产量与元素有效量呈正相关     

Correlation between incompetent beds and slope deformation at Badong town in the Three Gorges reservoir, China

Badong town is a new immigration area in the Three Gorges reservoir, China, which is built on many giant deep-seated landslides. In this region, the slope deformation is very severe and it is strongly correlated with the incompetent beds, which are distributed widely in the rock mass. In this paper, two giant deep-seated translational rock landslides used as study cases are Huangtupo landslide and Zhaoshuling landslide. Firstly, the composition materials, structures and deformation characteristics of the two landslides are analyzed. Then, the position, structure, mineral composition and the formation mechanism of the incompetent beds are studied in detail. Finally, based on the comparison of the position, mineral and structure between incompetent beds and sliding zones of the landslides, the correlations between incompetent beds and giant landslide are discussed. The results indicate that 13 large incompetent beds exist in the middle Triassic Badong Formation strata, which can be divided into three types as weak interlayers, crushed beds and groundwater corrosion zones. The dominant minerals in the incompetent beds are illite, chlorite, quartz and calcite. The contents of the clay minerals in different positions are quite distinct, and the maximum difference of clay content exceeds 70 %. In addition, it is found that the contents of minerals in incompetent beds are similar to the slide zones of the landslides. The initial deformation of slopes normally developed along the incompetent beds, which induced subsequent shear displacement easily. Under the effect of gravity, the deep slip zones were generated mainly along the incompetent beds and the failure mode evolved from creep to integral slide gradually. The results can provide an important reference for the mechanism analysis and prevention of landslides in Badong town.     

福建永安坂头组植物及古气候分析

分析了福建永安盆地早白垩世坂头植物群的组成特征。共计报道该植物群化石24属52种左右,包括未定种以及存疑种21个。植物群的组成以具鳞片状叶的松柏类化石为主,苏铁类化石次之,并以本内苏铁目占绝对优势,然后是真蕨类化石,以小羽片小而质厚为特征,银杏化石及其少见,未发现被子植物。坂头组植物的组成面貌与欧洲Wealden植物群、日本外带领石植物群,以及我国南方植物区,如浙江、山东等地的早白垩世植物群比较一致,说明坂头组含化石层位年龄为早白垩世早期。坂头组大多数植物主要分布于热带或亚热带地区,具有耐干旱炎热的特点,反映了较干旱而炎热的气候特征。除此之外,还发现少量适宜生活在温凉潮湿气候环境下的植物。根据这些对气候具有指示意义的代表分子在坂头组中的数量以及分布情况,推断永安盆地早白垩世早期气候总体上比较干旱炎热,且伴随有不同程度季节性的潮湿。