ON PHYTOGEOGRAPHICAL AFFINITIES OF THE FOREST FLORAS BETWEEN EAST CHINA AND JAPAN

EastChinaisoneoftherichestregionsinplantlifeinEastAsiaanditsfloraisthemainpartofSino-Japanesefloristicregion,whichhasattractedtheattentionofmanybotanistsbothathomeandabroad,suchasHuXiansu(1936),LiHuilin(1950,1953),StewardA.N.(1958),WangJingkiang(1988),WangWencai(1992),Wusugong(1987),WuZhengyi(1979)andXieGuowen(1991a,1993),etal.AnumberofpapersdealingwithEastAsian-EasternNorthAmericanphytogeographicalrelationshipshavebeenpublished(Bouffordf1983).However,thefloristicrelationsbetweenEas…     

Dehydration melting of solid amphibolite at 2.0 GPa: Effects of time and temperature

The dehydration melting of the natural rock at high pressure is important to investigating the magma formation in the earth’s interior. Since the 1970s, a lot of geological scientists have paid more atten- tion to the dehydration melting of the natural rock[1―5]. Previous experiments of dehydration melting and observations of fieldwork argued that the dehy- dration melting of the rock was probably the most important fashion for the melting of the lower crust rock[6―12]. The genesis of most …     

我国断层气测量在地震科学研究中的应用现状

氢气被认为是反应断裂活动最灵敏的地球化学组分之一。研究影响断裂带氢浓度动态变化的主要因素,是科学分析断裂带氢与构造活动关系的基础工作。本文基于河南内乡马山口断层气氢气浓度与辅助测项的连续观测资料,重点分析了氢浓度变化与地温、气温、气压的相关关系,确定了主要影响因素。结果表明,氢气浓度日变化极值介于气温和地温之间,极值点靠近地温一侧。使用逐步回归方法分析进一步证明,地温、温度对氢气浓度均有影响,但地温影响更显著,气压影响不显著。总体来讲,氢浓度会受到地温和气温的双重影响,但与地温关系更为密切。     

Statistical Properties of the Highest Pulses in Gamma-Ray Bursts

We study the statistical properties of the highest pulses within individual gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). A wavelet package analysis technique and a developed pulse-finding algorithm have been applied to identify the highest pulses from burst profiles observed by BATSE on board CGRO from 1991 April 21 to 1999 January 26. The statistical light curves of the highest pulses in four energy channels have been derived by an aligning method, which illustrate the temporal evolution of the pulse emission. Our result that narrower pulses go with higher energies is consistent with previous findings. By normalizing both the pulse durations and counts to unity, “characteristic” profiles of the highest pulses in the four channels are also derived. The four characteristic profiles are turned out to be almost the same, thus strongly support the previous conclusion that the temporal profiles in different energy channels are self-similar and the previous conjecture on GRB pulses, implying that the emission process is similar at different energies. The cosmological time dilation effect is examined by investigating the relationship between the pulse flux and pulse duration. An anti-correlation between the two was found, which agrees with the expectation of the cosmological time dilation effect. Also, the evolution of the pulse duration with the observational epoch is studied. The result shows that the pulse duration tends to be shorter in later epochs. This trend cannot be explained by the present theoretical models, and may represent a great challenge to current theories.     

磺化层柱状有机膦酸锆的合成及催化反应研究

在氢氟酸溶液中,混合亚磷酸、4,4’-联苯二膦酸和锆离子反应生成4,4’-联苯二膦酸锆／亚磷酸锆（简称MCZP）,改变有机酸和亚磷酸的比例,可以合成具有相同组分但结构不同的一系列化合物。通过磺化反应,在苯环上接上磺酸基团后,它具有类似强酸性阳离子交换树脂特性．该文首次对这类化合物催化酯化、醚化等典型的酸催化有机反应进行了研究,结果表明其催化转化率高、催化剂可重复使用和再生,是一种很有发展前途的新型固体酸催化剂．     

新疆北山白山地区地球化学特征及找矿远景预测

在新疆白山地区开展1∶50 000土壤地球化学测量的基础上,对该区地球化学特征进行了初步分析,并对该区元素地球化学参数进行计算,对元素分布特征、单元素异常特征、综合异常特征进行了研究。结果显示Cu、Ni、Au、W为区内具有一定潜力的找矿指标;通过元素异常特征,结合成矿地质条件及已知矿化信息,圈定了找矿远景区;利用土壤地球化学测量成果,发现了铜镍矿体,为进一步找矿工作指明了方向。     

Revisiting Sustainable Development of Dry Valleys in Hengduan Mountains Region

Dry valleys are a striking geographic landscape in Hengduan Mountains Region and are characterized by low rainfall, desert type of vegetation and fragile environment. Past efforts and resources have been concentrated mainly on rehabilitation of degraded ecosystem and fragile environment, particularly reforestation, while socio-economic development has been largely overlooked. Despite successes in pocket areas, the overall trend of unsustainability and environmental deterioration are continuing. It is important to understand that uplift of the Tibetan Plateau is the root cause of development of dry valleys, and development and formation of dry valleys is a natural process. Human intervention has played a secondary role in development of dry valleys and degradation of dry valleys though human intervention in many cases has speeded up environmental degradation of the dry valleys. It is important to understand that dry valleys are climatic enclaves and an integrated approach that combines rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems and socio-economic development should be adopted if the overall goal of sustainable development of dry valleys is to be achieved. Promotion of niche-based cash crops, rural energy including hydropower, solar energy, biogas and fuelwood plantation is recommended as the priority activities.     

Dynamic response of partially sealed circular tunnel in viscoelastic saturated soil

Based on Biot's wave equation, dynamic response of a circular tunnel with partially sealed liner in viscoelastic saturated soil is investigated. By introducing two scalar potential functions, the analytical solutions of stresses, displacements and pore pressure induced by axisymmetric gradually applied step load are derived in Laplace transform domain. Numerical results are obtained by inverting Laplace transform presented by Durbin and used to analyze the influences of partial permeable property of boundary and viscoelastic damping coefficient of soil on dynamic response of the tunnel. It is shown that the attenuation of radial displacement appeared with the increase of viscoelastic damping coefficient of soil, and relative rigidity of liner and soil, and the influence of partial sealing property of boundary on stresses, displacements and pore pressure is remarkable. The available solutions of permeable and impermeable boundary conditions are only two extreme cases of this paper.     

四川盆地西北部中二叠统栖霞组白云岩特征及成因探讨

白云岩特征及其形成机制的研究对白云岩化理论与白云岩储集层勘探具有重要意义。本文以四川盆地西北部中二叠统栖霞组白云岩为研究对象,通过野外剖面及岩心观察并采用铸体薄片、阴极发光、地球化学分析等方法对该段白云岩特征及成因进行研究。结果表明川西北地区栖霞组白云岩主要表现为块状晶粒白云岩、角砾状白云岩及斑状白云岩3种类型;碳同位素为正低值,氧同位素为负值,反映出其成岩过程中伴有早期淡水参与。结合工区构造沉积背景,对比以往经典白云岩化模式,发现四川盆地西北部中二叠统栖霞组白云岩化成因模式具有一定自身特点。通过对Folk “镁笼效应”理论进行延伸,认为栖霞组白云岩化模式在纵向上分为淡水渗流带、混合渗流带、混合潜流带及海水潜流带4个区带,其中混合渗流带和混合潜流带是白云岩发育的主要位置。在混合渗流带中,淡水与海水交替进入,未完全成岩的海洋沉积物质在成岩过程中受到淡水冲洗导致大量镁离子随淡水流入下部地层,而后又有海水携带镁离子进行补给,这为白云石形成提供了有利条件;混合潜流带内不断进入的混合流体携大量镁离子使得该带具有较高Mg/Ca值;而地幔上涌造成的地温升高克服了白云石形成的动力学屏障,有效促进了白云岩的形成。