关于垃圾填埋场渗滤系统渗透性能经时变化的研究

利用模拟实验对垃圾填埋场中渗滤系统的渗透性能与填埋时间的关系进行了研究。采用焚烧灰、土工织物和碎石导流层组成渗透系统,研究了实验时间对渗滤系统的渗透系数以及结晶物颗粒直径的影响。结果表明:由于垃圾焚烧灰中硅酸钙和铝酸钙的结晶作用,随着渗透时间的增加,吸附在土工织物表面的物质逐渐增多,使颗粒之间更紧密,导致空隙减小影响渗滤系统的渗透性能。根据研究结果,在垃圾焚烧灰填埋时,垃圾焚烧灰压实密度不要太高,这样有利于渗滤液的排放。     

标度律视角的城市效能测度及中国城市多维要素效能分析

"城市标度律"(urban scaling laws)揭示了城市系统中城市人口和城市要素间普遍存在的非线性规模缩放关系,但目前大多数城市评价忽视了这种关系,常使用人均指标比较不同规模的城市,这会导致评价结果偏差.为此,考虑城市人口和城市要素间的非线性规模缩放关系构建了要素效能指数,用以修正城市规模的影响,度量城市要素实...     

南京汤泉地下热水补给来源与成因模式

南京汤泉地区地下热水资源丰富,阐明其补给来源及成因模式,对于地下热水的科学开发意义重大。采用水化学及同位素地球化学分析方法对其进行了系统研究。结果表明,研究区地下热水与浅层冷水水化学组成差异明显,热储温度为63~75℃,循环深度为1.8~2.3 km。大气降水入渗是地下热水的补给来源,补给高程范围为321~539 m;循环周期为2046~6474 a;地下热水上涌过程中会混入比例为4%~26%的浅部岩溶冷水。经分析,该地热系统成因上属于中低温对流型,补给区主要为老山复背斜构造内的碳酸盐岩裸露区,依靠区域大地热流供热,热储层主要为上震旦统白云岩,盖层为寒武系、白垩系及第四系,地下热水经深循环沿NEE向与NW向断裂交会通道向上运移,并与浅部冷水发生混合,形成本区的地热异常。     

岩石锚杆基础抗拔承载力计算方法探究

岩石锚杆基础作为架空输电线路塔基中的一种特殊基础型式,可以充分发挥原状岩体的力学性能,具有良好的抗拔性能。根据目前岩石锚杆基础原型试验的结果,《架空送电线路基础设计技术规定》中所推荐的单锚基础抗拔承载力计算模型中,理想45?破坏模式与实际不符,按其设计计算值偏差较大,可能导致设计成果不安全。为此,依据极限平衡原理基于围岩强度建立了较为合理的抗拔承载力计算模型,力学推导得出了相关公式,并进行了简化。通过推导公式计算值与实测值、设计值对比验证可知,抗拔承载力极限值位于 ～ 区间内,与推荐公式 的计算值一致性较好,能满足工程应用精度,具有可行性。     

中国及其邻区周围板块作用力的研究

给出了如何根据观测的应力方向,利用平滑方法处理为在规则格点上均匀分布的数据的过程,并利用新编的中国及其邻区地震震源机制解推断的观测应力方向,反演了周围板块作用力的相对大小．结果表明,在周围三大板块中,以印度板块的作用力最大;其次是太平洋板块;而在菲律宾海板块边界上,作用力大小差异较大,其中又以与台湾相邻的边界段受力最大,琉球岛弧受力最小．     

Differential uplift between Beihuaiyang and Dabie orogenic belt

Isotope dating, hornblende geobarometer, fission-track analysis and fluid inclusion homogeneous temperature analysis have been applied to Caledonian, Variscan and Yenshan plutons in Bei Huaiyang (BHY) and Dabie orogenic belt (DOB), and the emplaced depths and ages of these plutons have been obtained in order to obtain differential uplift time and uplift heights between BHY and DOB since late Paleozoic era. BHY had experienced three stages of uplift (C1-C2, T-J2, J3-K1) and its total uplift height is about 10 km, but, DOB had only experienced two stages of uplift (T-J2, J3-K1) and its maximum uplift height is more than 15 km. BHY uplift occurred mainly before the mid-Jurassic (about 150 Ma), but DOB uplift took place after the mid-Jurassic (about 150 Ma).     

Enrichment Patterns and New Discovery of Deep Lacustrine Shale Oil in the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation,Songliao Basin,NE China

正Objective The Songliao Basin is located in northeastern China. The Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation(Fm.)(K2 qn), Yaojia Fm.(K2 y), and Nenjiang Fm.(K2 n) were deposited in its depression. The sediments are mainly continental clastic rocks. The first member of the Qingshankou Fm.(K2 qn1) in the southern Songliao Basin mainly comprises semi-deep to deep lacustrine shale of large thickness, generally 30,100 m, with wide distribution; the thickness of the shale has an average thickness of 70 m.     

四川叠合盆地盆山耦合特征分析

四川叠合盆地三面环山,自东而西夹持于江南、秦岭与龙门山三大山系之间,位于古亚洲、环太平洋与特提斯三大构造域的结合部位;中生代以来,先后经历了海盆、煤盆、陆相广盆、残盆四个盆地世代;盆地沉积充填过程可概括为前陆、坳陷、再生前陆三种基本样式。系统的山盆构造样式及运动学、沉积充填过程分析结果表明盆地周缘造山带造山活动期与盆内古隆起发育期时间耦合;盆地周缘造山带造山活动期与盆地沉积环境转换期时间耦合;盆地周缘造山带构造轴线走向基本保持与盆内山前坳陷或前陆褶冲带构造轴线走向相耦合;盆地周缘造山带不同时期形成的褶冲构造轴线走向基本保持与其同期盆内产生的沉积或沉降中心构造轴线走向相耦合。     

Chronological Study of Coal-seam Water and its Implication on Gas Production in the South Qinshui Basin

The knowledge of the residence time of formation water is fundamental to understanding the subsurface flow and hydrological setting. To better identify the origin and evolution of coal seam water and its impact on gas storage and production, this study collected coalbed methane co-produced water in the southeast Qinshui Basin and detected chemical and isotopic compositions, especially 36Cl and 129I concentrations. The calculated tracer ages of 129I (5.2–50.6 Ma) and 36Cl (0.13–0.76 Ma) are significantly younger than the age of coal-bearing formation (Pennsylvanian - Cisuralian), indicating freshwater recharge after coal deposition. The model that utilises 129I/I and 36Cl/Cl ratios to constrain the timing of recharge and the proportion of recharge water reveals that over 60% of pre-anthropogenic meteoric water entered coal seams since 10 Ma and mixed with residue initial deposition water, corresponding to the basin inversion in Cenozoic. The spatial distribution of major ion concentrations reveals the primary recharge pathway for meteoric water from coal outcrops at the eastern margin to the basin center. This study demonstrates the occurrence of higher gas production rates from wells that accept water recharge in recent times and suggests the possible potential of the non-stagnant zones for high gas production.     

青藏高原多年冻土区土壤需氧可培养细菌多样性及群落功能研究

以青藏高原腹地不同植被类型多年冻土区土壤细菌为研究对象, 分析了可培养菌群数量、 多样性和生理代谢功能的变化及其与环境因子间的关系. 结果显示: 从沼泽草甸到高寒荒漠, 土壤水分、 总碳、 总氮含量逐渐降低, pH值升高, 可培养细菌数量在2.97×10⁶~2.88×10⁷ CFU·g^-1, 与含水量、 总碳、 总氮显著正相关; Actinobacteria(51.4%)和γ-Proteobacteria(31.7%)为优势菌群, α-protebacteria仅在沼泽草甸中有分布, β-protebacteria、 Bacterioidetes丰度与含水量、 总碳、 总氮间显著正相关; 自沼泽到荒漠, 菌群代谢活性和Shannon功能多样性指数降低, pH与Shannon指数显著负相关, 继氨基酸类碳源之后, 多聚物逐渐成为被细菌群落主要利用的碳源种类. 研究表明, 伴随冻土退化地上植被逆向演替的过程, 青藏高原多年冻土地下土壤微生物群落丰度、 遗传和代谢功能多样性均发生了不同程度的响应.