Felsic Igneous Rocks in the Hua’aobaote Pb-Zn-Ag Polymetallic Orefield, Southern Great Xing’an Range: Genesis, Metallogenetic and Tectonic Significance

The Hua’aobaote Pb-Zn-Ag Polymetallic orefield is situated in the southern section of the Great Xing’an Range(GXAR),which has experienced extensive magmatism.Since the Paleozoic,there are two stages of magmatism in Hua’aobaote orefield occurred in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic.The Mesozoic magmatism is of great significance for the PbZn-Ag Polymetallic mineralization in Hua’aobaote orefield.In this study,new geochemical data was obtained to discuss the timing and petrogenesis of the magmatic rocks and its geodynamic and metallogenic significance.Zircon U-Pb ages reveal that the felsic igneous rocks from the Hua’aobaote orefield were formed in the Early Permian(294.8±3.2 Ma)and Early Cretaceous(132.6±1.4 Ma).Geochemically,the Early Permian granodiorite porphyrite is characterized by high Sr/Y(42-63)ratios and Mg^#(62.24-70.74)values and low heavy rare earth element(HREE)(5.09-6.79 ppm)contents.The granodiorite porphyrite is also characterized by depleted Sr-Nd initial isotopic signatures[ε_Nd(t)=5.91-7.59,(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)i=0.7029-0.7030],exhibiting adakitic characteristics.The Early Cretaceous granite porphyry and rhyolite are A-type felsic igneous rocks,and demonstrate high SiO₂,Na₂O+K₂O and rare earth element(REE)contents,low CaO and MgO contents,low(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)i ratios(0.7044-0.7058),and positive ε_Nd(t)values(2.57-4.65).Whole-rock Pb isotopic compositions in granodiorite porphyrite are:206Pb/204Pb=17.631-18.149,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.422-15.450,and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=37.325-37.729.The granite porphyry and rhyolite have initial ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb,and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of 18.106-19.309,15.489-15.539,and 37.821-38.05,respectively.Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic evidence suggests that the Early Permian granodiorite porphyrite is likely to derive from slab melts and modified by peridotitic mantle wedge in the subduction tectonic setting of the Paleo-Asian Ocean.The Early Cretaceous A-type felsic igneous rocks were derived from juvenile lower crust,accompanied by limited crustal contamination and various degree of fractional crystallisation during magma emplacement.The Early Cretaceous magmatism and related mineralization were formed in a post-orogenic tectonic setting that attributed to the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean.Pb isotopic data for the various rock units in the study area indicate that the Mesozoic magma source contributed substantial Pb,Zn,and Ag to the Hua’aobaote deposit.     

Does continental crust transform during eclogite facies metamorphism?

Eclogites within exhumed continental collision zones indicate regional burial to depths of at least 60 km, and often more than 100 km in the coesite‐stable, ultra‐high pressure (UHP) eclogite facies. Garnet, omphacitic pyroxene, high‐Si mica, kyanite ± coesite should grow at the expense of low‐P minerals in most felsic compositions, if equilibrium obtained at these conditions. The quartzofeldspathic rocks that comprise the bulk of eclogite facies terranes, however, contain mainly amphibolite facies, plagioclase‐bearing assemblages. To what extent these lower‐P minerals persisted metastably during (U)HP metamorphism, or whether they grew afterwards, reflects closely upon crustal parameters such as density, strength and seismic character. The Nordfjord area in western Norway offers a detailed view into a large crustal section that was subducted into the eclogite facies. The degree of transformation in typical pelite, paragneiss, granitic and granodioritic gneiss was assessed by modelling the equilibrium assemblage, comparing it with existing parageneses in these rocks and using U/Th–Pb zircon geochronology from laser ablation ICPMS to establish the history of mineral growth. U–Pb dates define a period of zircon recrystallization and new growth accompanying burial and metamorphism lasting from 430 to 400 Ma. Eclogite facies mafic rock (~2 vol.% of crust) is the most transformed composition and records the ambient peak conditions. Rare garnet‐bearing pelitic rocks (<10 vol.% of crust) preserve a mostly prograde mineral evolution to near‐peak conditions; REE concentrations in zircon indicate that garnet was present after 425 Ma and feldspar broke down after 410 Ma. Felsic gneiss – by far the most abundant rock type – is dominated by quartz + biotite + feldspar, but minor zoisite/epidote, phengitic white mica, garnet and rutile point to a prograde HP overprint. Relict textures indicate that much of the microstructural framework of plagioclase, K‐feldspar, and perhaps biotite, persisted through at least 25 Ma of burial, and ultimately UHP metamorphism. The signature reaction of the eclogite facies in felsic rocks – jadeite/omphacite growth from plagioclase – cannot be deduced from the presence of pyroxene or its breakdown products. We conclude that prograde dehydration in orthogneiss leads to fluid absent conditions, impeding equilibration beyond ~high‐P amphibolite facies.     

新疆博格达山晚古生代地层的形成时代、物源及其演化:碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学证据

新疆博格达山主体由石炭系海相火山一沉积岩系组成,以发育两期双峰式火山岩,但不发育花岗岩为特征,对其晚古生代地层时代的划分和演化争议较大。本文重点对博格达山北部两个晚古生代砂岩进行了碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学分析,重新标定博格达山地区晚古生代地层的形成时代;利用物源区的演化,约束晚古生代构造演化。测年结果显示博格达上亚群砂岩的碎屑锆石表面年龄值分布范围较宽,主峰年龄为343~284 Ma(80%),次峰年龄为386~375 Ma(3%)、503~441Ma(7%)和871~735 Ma(10%);芦草沟组砂岩的碎屑锆石表面年龄值非常集中,主峰年龄为358~279 Ma(97%),次峰年龄为257~251 Ma(约3%)。博格达山中部原石炭纪博格达群上亚群与西部和南部下芨芨槽群相当,应属于早二叠世,中部一东部的石炭一二叠纪界线应在博格达下亚群一上亚群或居里得能组一沙雷塞尔克组之间的不整合面之中。博格达北部地区晚二叠世以南侧天山物源区供给为主,反映出晚古生代期间博格达山地区至少存在晚石炭世末和中二叠世两期构造隆升。结合区域火山岩与火山碎屑岩的研究,认为博格达山地区晚古生代主要经历4个演化阶段:早石炭世弧后盆地裂解阶段、晚石炭世碰撞拼贴阶段、早二叠世碰撞后伸展阶段、中-晚二叠世再次隆升到稳定阶段。     

涠西南凹陷涠洲10-3油田及围区流三段沉积相研究

为了促进涠西南凹陷涠洲10-3油田及围区流三段油藏的滚动勘探开发,开展了油区沉积相精细研究。利用岩芯、录井、测井和地震等资料,在识别不同级别层序界面和湖泛面的基础上,将涠洲10-3油田及围区流三段划分为2个长期基准面旋回和8个中期基准面旋回,建立了高分辨率层序地层对比格架。在岩芯描述基础上,进行单井沉积相、连井沉积相、平面沉积相分析,认为研究区流三段发育冲积扇、扇三角洲和湖泊3种沉积相,并系统划分了沉积微相类型。探讨了碎屑流沉积的相带归属,将发育在河道中的碎屑流沉积划分为河道型碎屑流沉积,将单独产出的碎屑流沉积根据沉积环境不同划分为水上非河道化碎屑流沉积和水下非河道化碎屑流沉积。最后对各中期基准面旋回的沉积相展布特征和演化规律进行了探讨,并建立了符合研究区的沉积相模式。     

地热资源地震勘探方法综述

全球地热资源丰富,具有巨大的开发潜力,它将在全球的经济发展中起到强大的推动作用。地震方法是高精度地热勘探开发中不可或缺的手段。地热资源地震勘探方法包括主动地震和被动地震两大类,这两类地震方法在地热勘探的不同阶段各自发挥着重要作用。首先分析了地热储层的地震响应特征,然后总结了国内外被动地震和主动地震勘探新技术,为进一步提高我国的地热资源地震勘探水平提供一些借鉴。研究表明,被动地震在地热田最初的普查中起到关键作用,但是在地热储层特征的精细刻画和裂缝探测的预测精度方面,该方法存在一定的缺陷;主动方法虽然成本相对较高,但是由于其高信噪比和高分辨率,所以它能更好地描述储层特征,为未开发地热区选区评价和井位优选提供可靠的技术保障;此外,多波技术也将是地热勘探未来发展的重要方向。     

Latest Progress and Trend Forecast of China's Shale Gas Exploration and Development

<正>1 Introduction With almost five years of efforts,we have made major breakthrough and important advances in shale gas in many areas,such as the marine and continental shale in Sichuan Basin,the continental shale in Erdos Basin and the transitional shale in North China.China has begun shale gas productivity constructions in many shale gas     

Unlocking Key Factors of Shale Play Sweet Spotting Appraisal - Field Case Studies From China and North America

<正>This study proposes the controlling factors of shale play sweet spotting under different maturation stages and various hydrocarbon composition in China and North America,including some typical examples with best practices,such as the Silurian Longmaxi shale gas in Sichuan Basin in Southwestern China,the Triassic Yanchang liquid-rich oil in Ordos Basin in North-central     

渤海湾西岸全新世海面变化

在讨论海面标志点基本定义的基础上,从渤海湾西岸534个原始数据中获得了136个指示高水位、潮间带或低水位的海面变化标志点,并重建了它们的相对海平面时空分布,进而获得了渤海湾西岸全新世相对海平面变化带.约10cal.ka B.P.时,相对海平面变化带达到-25m,以约6m/1000a(即约6mm/a)的平均速率上升,在6cal.ka B.P.前后达到现代海面的高度;6cal.ka B.P.至今,变化带的高度介于+1m～-2m之间,未发现中全新世相对高海面.再搬运海相贝类和陆相泥炭类样品的14C年龄,分别存在约600年和660年的驻留时间.经过驻留时间校正的新海面变化年代学序列,将渤海湾相对海平面达到现代高度的时间点确定为约6cal.ka B.P.,从而与全球海面变化的对比更为准确.渤海湾盆地的长期稳定下沉和沉积自重压实的共同作用,可能抵消了冰川均衡调整(GIA)引起的中全新世数米高的相对高海面.     

一种桩锚连接的新方法——双向支座法

阐述一种新型的在基坑及边坡支护工程中的传力装置——双向支座法,详细论述了目前普遍使用的腰梁工法的不足,并对其进行了改进,提出了新的施工方法,在基坑支护工程中具有较高的推广和实用价值。