钒的催化动力学分析法——Ⅴ.依文思蓝-抗坏血酸-溴酸钾体系

本文建立一个灵敏的测定钒的催化动力学分光光度法。它基于在热的稀H_2SO_4溶液中,有抗坏血酸存在时,依文思蓝与KBrO_3反应受钒的催化且吸光度降低与钒量相关。方法的检出限为2.23×10~(-13)g/ml(lg(A_0/A)=0.001,b=1cm时),测定范围为0—6ng V/25ml。方法已用于多类样品中痕量钒的分析,相对标准偏差在3.71—5.09％范围。     

基于转基因生物安全性的海带不育系构建研究

根据转基因生物的安全性需要,构建海带不育系,利用其不能形成生殖组织或生殖细胞的特点,将其作为海带遗传转化技术的安全载体.     

Fatty acid composition analyses of the DCMU resistant mutants of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nannochloropsis oculata</Emphasis> (eustigmatophyceae)

Ultraviolet mutagenesis was applied to Nannochloropsis oculata and three mutants resistant to 3-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) were isolated. The cellular chlorophyll a and total lipid content of the wild are higher in the medium supplemented with DCMU than in the control without DCMU. Without DCMU, the growth rates and chlorophyll a contents of the mutants are similar to those of the wild. Significant changes of fatty acid content and composition have occurred in DCMU-resistant mutants growing in the medium supplemented with DCMU. The total lipid, palmitic acid (16:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1ω9) and oleic (18:1ω9) contents decrease significantly, while the vaccenic acid (18:1ω11) increases significantly and the EPA content of dried powder increases slightly in the mutants. The study may provide a basis to improve EPA content in Nannochloropsis oculata in the future.     

FY-2E分裂窗晴空沙尘区导风初步研究

干旱半干旱沙尘爆发区风场信息作为沙尘监测的一个重要组成部分,能够为沙尘移向预报提供宝贵的资料。结合目前日趋成熟的红外分裂窗差值监测沙尘及卫星导风技术,针对FY-2E气象卫星,首先利用MODTRAN辐射传输模式对沙尘晴空区特征进行敏感性分析,再将经过图像掩膜及线性处理后的分裂窗差值图像代入导风计算程序计算,获得了传统卫星导风所无法得到的水汽含量低值区风场信息。实际个例分析表明,得到的沙尘区风场与NCEP再分析资料850hPa风场有很好的一致性,能够为监测沙尘移动提供良好的风场信息。     

Examination of Daytime Length＇s Influence on Phytoplankton Growth in Jiaozhou Bay, China

This study showed how the daytime length in Jiaozhou Bay affected the water temperature, which in turn affected the phytoplankton growth when solar radiation was sufficient for phytoplankton photosynthesis. Jiaozhou Bay observation data collected from May 1991 to February 1994 were used to analyze the daytime length vs water temperature relationship. Our study showed that daytime length and the variation controlled the cycle of water temperature flunctuation. Should the cyclic variation curve of the daytime length be moved back for two months it would be superimposed with temperature change. The values of daytime length and temperature that calculated in the dynamical model of daytime length lag vs water temperature were consistent with observed values. The light radiation and daytime length in this model determined the photochemistry process and the enzymic catalysis process of phytoplankton photosynthesis. In addition, by considering the effect of the daytime length on water temperature and photosynthesis, we could comprehend the joint effect of daytime length, water temperature, and nutrients, on the spatiotemperal variation of primary production in Jiaozhou Bay.     

城市行道树绿视量指数研究

本文立足于街道景观视觉质量定量研究不足,以行人的视觉感受为出发点,创新性地提出一种用于衡量城市行道树的绿量可视性的绿视量指数。该方法通过模拟人眼视野范围内周围树木的真实场景,定量描述了行人视角下所能捕获的行道树绿色面积,以及这种目视接触概率的空间分布差异。研究结果表明：对于复杂的城市街道景观,绿视量指数能够很好地反映出行道树的空间分布、树冠三维结构、建筑物遮挡、以及观察距离对行人感知城市绿量产生的影响。本方法充分利用多源信息,基于计算机的自动解译,实现了街道场景内任意位置的绿视量高精度计算,大大降低了人力成本,可用作大范围多区域间的对比评价。研究成果证实了多源遥感数据在评价道路绿化景观视觉效果上的有效性,可为环境规划设计、绿化精细化管理、人居环境改善提供技术支撑。     

Analysis of Interannual Variations of Inorganic Nitrogen in the Bohai Sea

According to the Bohai Sea cross-section data during 1985～1998, the high concentration inorganic nitrogen in the Bohai Sea section bottom layer water nearshore diffused and transferred to the middle of the Bohai Sea year after year. The interannual variations of the concentration of inorganic nitrogen in the Bohai Sea section bottom layer water may reflect the degree of eutrophication more steadily. The nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are used to show quasi-equilibrium state interannual variations, but with the aggravation of seawater pollution, the quasi-equilibrium state of interannual variations has been broken and the marine biological-chemical processes can only maintain the secondary part of the interannual variations in a quasi-equilibrium state, but are not sufficient to prevent the main pan of interannual variations from deviating from the quasi-equilibrium state. The spatial distributions of inorganic nitrogen would be affected by the reproduction and swarming of marine life.     

Canopy Structure Attributes Extraction from LiDAR Data Based on Tree Morphology and Crown Height Proportion

Urban green space is important for the well-being of urban residents. Seeking for three spatial dimension stereopsis is a very important issue in investigating urban green space. A potential applicability in the domain of urban tree space measurement and modelling has been explored based on LiDAR data in our study. This paper aims to present a framework—through a more automatic way—to extract canopy structure attributes. In this study, treetops were filtered by local maxima filtering algorithm from canopy height model. An improved spoke wheel algorithm was used to delineate the crown boundaries. And, an estimation issue of crown volume was simplified into three measurable parameters by estimating the crown structures. For accuracy assessment, data of 363 sampled trees located in the subset of Székesfehérvár city were selected randomly. The overall detection rate of treetop had proven to be 95.87% and crown boundaries were recognized effectively with a delineation quality of 88.59%, which were acceptable. About 80.26% of investigated crown volume estimates were obtained with shape distortion ranging from 3.1 to 7.8% according to the error analysis. The results indicated that the method can be used to extract canopy structure in urban areas.     

不透水面与地表径流时空相关性研究——以杭州市主城区为例

城市化进程中不透水面的扩展对城市地表水文循环产生了显著影响。研究不透水面与地表径流时空相关性能缓解城市内涝灾害,可为"海绵城市"提供建设意见。本文以杭州市主城区为例,提出结合BCI指数(Biophysical Composition Index)的线性光谱分解方法提取不透水面、植被和土壤盖度,提高了传统的线性光谱分解方法的精度。进一步结合SCS-CN模型(Soil Conservation Service Curve Number Method)模拟1990年—2017年杭州市主城区地表径流,在此基础上计算景观格局指数,研究杭州市主城区不透水面与模拟地表径流的时空特征,探究不透水面与模拟地表径流的关系。结果表明:(1)研究区近30年不透水面聚集度较高且呈增长趋势,增长速率趋于平稳,上城区和下城区不透水面面积占比最高,江干区、西湖区和拱墅区增长速率和增长强度相对较大。(2)研究区近30年模拟地表径流不断增长,220—240 mm的径流由中心城区向四周辐射,上城区和下城区模拟地表径流最高,与不透水面的演变趋势总体一致。(3)不透水面的空间格局与模拟地表径流高度相关,不透水面的斑块数量和破碎度与地表径流呈负相关,斑块所占景观比例、斑块密度、斑块聚集等与模拟地表径流正相关,可通过合理控制相关景观指标、优化不透水面空间格局控制地表径流。在此基础上提出了防止城市内涝的建议:增加绿地、花园等用地类型;减少大面积不透水面斑块,划分成更多的小斑块等。     

单星多角度法同时反演气溶胶光学厚度和地表反射率

尝试以单星多角度卫星观测数据同时反演晴空陆地的气溶胶光学厚度和地表反射率,并选取2009年5月的MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)1B资料进行了反演试验.结果表明:单星多角度法反演得到的气溶胶光学厚度结果与MODIS气溶胶产品(MOD04)平均值的相关系数为0.7914;反演的地表反射率结果与MODIS地表反射率产品(MOD09)也具有较好的一致性.对直接利用单星多角度观测数据反演获得一段时间内平均的气溶胶光学厚度进行了有益的尝试.