东秦岭火山岩的地球化学特征和成因模式

熊耳群为玄武粗安岩-英安流纹岩组合,大红口组为粗面岩组合,属B类的过渡型拉斑玄武岩浆系列,具以太华群为岩浆房的壳幔混染型成因;秦岭群和宽坪群为变拉斑玄武岩建造,属A类拉斑玄武岩浆系列,具幔源型成因;二郎坪群和丹凤群属细碧岩-石英角斑岩建造,C类石英角斑岩浆系列与A类拉斑玄武岩浆系列共存,具壳幔双层混合型成因。     

Seasonal variation of airborne fungi of the Tiantishan Grottoes and Western Xia Museum,Wuwei, China

In this study, a systematic survey of cultural airborne fungi was carried out in the occurrence environments of wall paintings that are preserved in the Tiantishan Grottoes and the Western Xia Museum, China. A bio-aerosol sampler was used for sampling in four seasons in 2016. Culture-dependent and -independent methods were taken to acquire airborne fungal concentration and purified strains; by the extraction of genomic DNA, amplification of fungal ITS rRNA gene region, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis, thereafter the fungal community composition and distribution characteristics of different study sites were clarified. We disclosure the main environmental factors which may be responsible for dynamic changes of airborne fungi at the sampling sites. The concentration of cultural airborne fungi was in a range from 13 to 1,576 CFU/m³, no significant difference between the two sites at the Tiantishan Grottoes, with obvious characteristics of seasonal variation, in winter and spring were higher than in summer and autumn. Also, there was a significant difference in fungal concentration between the inside and outside of the Western Xia Museum, the outside of the museum was far more than the inside of the museum in the four seasons, particularly in the winter. Eight fungal genera were detected, including Cladosporium, Penicillium, Alternaria, and Filobasidium as the dominant groups. The airborne fungal community structures of the Tiantishan Grottoes show a distinct characteristic of seasonal variation and spatial distribution. Relative humidity, temperature and seasonal rainfall influence airborne fungal distribution. Some of the isolated strains have the potential to cause biodeterioration of ancient wall paintings. This study provides supporting information for the pre-warning conservation of cultural relics that are preserved at local sites and inside museums.     

潜水的降雨入渗补给模型研究

根据土水势能原理,在试验、监测资料基础上,建立活塞武、扩散式两种入渗补给模型和单一入渗、单一蒸发及入渗蒸发三个子模型,与此相应地建立了积水模型法,表面通量法,毛细带上缘通量法和零通量面法的数学模型,描述入渗补给的时、空变化过程,计算降雨入渗补给量,从土水势能观点提出降雨入渗补给的物理机制,并在实际应用中得到了证实。     

浙江晚中生代雁荡山地貌成因及其与火山构造协同性演化规律

浙江雁荡山是东南沿海一座典型的晚中生代破火山，以发育丰富的白垩纪流纹质火山岩地貌为特色，主要包括火山岩相剖面和火山岩地貌两种类型地质遗迹。本次通过详细的野外地质调查、岩石学研究及遥感图像分析，进一步将其中火山岩相剖面划分为溢流相、基底涌流相、火山碎屑流相、空落相剖面地质遗迹四小类；火山岩地貌分为叠嶂、锐峰和岩洞地貌地质遗迹三小类，并综合分析了其分布规律与成因演化过程。研究表明这些地质遗迹的分布和演化明显受到火山构造与火山岩相的控制。另外，研究区显著发育3级夷平面，反映其至少经历过3期隆升- 剥蚀事件，是太平洋板块、菲律宾海板块与欧亚大陆板块相互作用的动力学过程及印度板块碰撞远程效应的综合影响结果，同时其也是研究流纹质火山岩地貌成因与演化过程的理想基地。     

Discriminating characters of ore-forming intrusions in the super-large Chalukou porphyry Mo deposit,NE China

The Chalukou porphyry Mo deposit, located in the Great Hinggan Range, is the largest Mo deposit in northeast China, although the age and genesis of the associated magmatic intrusions remain debated.Here we report zircon U-Pb ages and trace elements, whole rock geochemistry and Sre Nd isotope data with a view to understand the relationship between the magmatism and molybdenum mineralization.Zircon U-Pb analysis yield an age of 475 Ma for rhyolite in the older strata, 168 Ma for the premineralization monzogranite, and 154 Ma for the syn-mineralization granite porphyry. The granite porphyry and quartz porphyry are considered as the ore-forming intrusions. These rocks are peraluminous, alkali-calcic, and belong to high-K to shoshonitic series with a strong depletion of Eu. They also display characteristics of I-type granites. The rocks exhibit wide variations of(87 Sr/86 Sr)iin the range of 0.705426 -0.707363, and ε_(Nd)(t) of -3.7 to 0.93. Zircon REE distribution patterns show characteristics between crust and the mantle, implying magma genesis through crust-mantle interaction. The Fe_2O_3/FeO values(average 1) for the whole rock and EuN/Eu*Nvalues(average 0.45), Ce~(4+)/Ce~(3+) values(average 301)for zircon grains from the granite porphyry are higher than those from other lithologies. These features suggest that the ore-forming intrusions(syn-mineralization porphyry) had higher oxygen fugacity conditions than those of the pre-mineralization and post-mineralization rocks. The Chalukou Mo deposit formed in relation to the southward subduction of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean. Our study suggests that the subduction-related setting, crust-mantle interaction, and the large-scale magmatic intrusion were favorable factors to generate the super-large Mo deposits in this area.     

论德尔尼黄铁矿型铜钴矿床的地质特征及其与塞浦路斯铜矿的区别

通过对德尔尼铜钴矿床与塞浦路斯铜矿的对比,进一步明确了德尔尼铜钴矿床为与印支期黑云花岗岩有成因联系的岩浆热液矿床。矿区的超基性岩或超基性火山角砾岩都是不含矿的,与矿床无成因联系;底辟上升侵位也不存在。将德尔尼铜钴矿床作为火山岩块状硫化物矿床系列中的最基性端员缺乏依据。     

中国分省地质灾害图集与主要地质灾害类型

本文阐述了中国分省地质灾害图编图的意义，编图原则和方法，通过分省地质灾害图集的编制和大量资料的综合分析，提出了我国主要地质灾害类型的分类方案，论述了我国地质灾害发育的基本特点与发展趋势。     

气候变化背景下我国灾害风险治理路径初探

在全球气候变化背景下,自然灾害风险加剧,传统以政府为主体的灾害管理体制和机制已经无法有效应对自然灾害,因此开展国家在气候变化背景下的自然灾害综合风险治理具有重要意义和紧迫性。本文介绍了我国灾害管理体制的发展历程及转型过程,提出关于我国气候变化的自然灾害综合风险治理具体路径的建议措施,包括完善自然灾害综合风险治理体系,实现五个长效机制,加强应对气候变化的风险研究。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF ATMOSPHERIC HEATING AND ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION DURING ACTIVE PERIOD OF 500 hPa HIGH OVER THE TIBETAN PLATEAU IN SUMMER*

In correspondence with the establishment of the "upper high and lower high" pressure pattern due to the activities of 500 hPa high over the Tibetan Plateau in summer,a series of changes of the East Asia atmospheric circulation will take place.In this paper,the distributions of divergence and vertical velocity of 500 hPa high,the evolutions of atmospheric heat source,the variations of vorticity and zonal wind at 100 hPa level and vertical meridional cell over the Tibetan Plateau etc.are statistically analyzed.Thus,we can see that the ascending motion and the convective heating over the Tibetan Plateau,the South Asia high and the westerly jet on the north of the Plateau at 100 hPa level are weakned.The northern branch and the southern branch of the easterly jet on the south of the Plateau merge into a single whole and situate on the south of the former northern branch.In the meantime,thermodynamic land-sea discrepancy in South Asia and the convective heating over the Bay of Bengal is enhanced.It will play an important role in the maintenance of the easterly jet and the South Asia monsoon.     

甘肃龙首山岩带西井镁铁质岩体成因及其构造意义

西井岩体位于北祁连造山带以北,阿拉善地块西南缘的龙首山隆起带。以往的研究多以沿龙首山断裂分布的镁铁-超镁铁质岩带作为和金川岩体相关的岩浆事件进行,而本次选择西井镁铁质岩体进行了精确的地质年代学和地球化学研究,确定了西井岩体岩性主要为橄榄辉石岩和辉长岩,成岩时代为 (421.0±9.0) Ma,可以和北祁连高压变质带榴辉岩年龄相对应;ε_Nd(t)为4.06~5.52,(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i为0.704 548~0.707 575,具有地幔岩石圈特征;微量元素及其同位素计算表明西井岩体经历了约10%的下地壳物质混染。据此得出西井岩体及其龙首山岩带早志留世镁铁质侵入岩体成因模式为:祁连洋壳连续俯冲过程中洋壳与陆壳分离,热的软流圈物质持续冲击地幔岩石圈的底部;由于热传导效应,大地热流沿着地幔岩石圈上升,使得80 km深度的湿的橄榄岩层发生熔融,产生玄武质岩浆作用,玄武质岩浆上升过程中与下地壳物质发生约10%混染,形成西井岩体及其龙首山镁铁超镁铁质岩带。