去冬渤海及黄海北部海域冰情严重

去年入冬以来,我国大部分地区连续受冷空气的影响,气温比常年有显著的下降趋势,从而也导致了渤海及黄海北部海域冰情较为严重.根据海洋观测站、遥感中心、航空监测的实测资料以及NOAA卫星图像分析:辽东湾、渤海湾、莱州湾及黄海北部流冰范围分别在90海里、20海里、5海里、25海里内;最大冰厚分别是50厘米、25厘米、15厘米、30厘米;结冰类型大部分是灰冰、莲叶冰、冰皮和少量的灰白冰.今年该海域的结冰现象是近十几年来最为严重的一年.     

Impact of anthropogenic drivers on subaqueous topographical change in the Datong to Xuliujing reach of the Yangtze River

Changes of subaqueous topography in shallow offshore water pose safety risks for embankments,navigation,and ports.This study conducted measurements of subaqueous topography between Datong and Xuliujing in the Yangtze River using a Sea Bat 7125 multi-beam echo sounder,and the channel change from 1998 to 2013 was calculated using historical bathymetry data.The study revealed several important results:(1)the overall pattern of changes through the studied stretch of the river was erosion–deposition–erosion.Erosion with a volume 700×10~6m~3occurred in the upper reach,deposition of about 204×10~6m~3occurred in the middle reach,and erosion of about 602×10~6m~3occurred in the lower reach.(2)Dunes are the most common microtopographic feature,accounting for 64.3%of the Datong to Xuliujing reach,followed by erosional topography and flat river topography,accounting for 27.6%and 6.6%,respectively.(3)Human activities have a direct impact on the development of the microtopography.For instance,the mining of sand formed holes on the surface of dunes with lengths of 20–35 m and depths of 3–5 m.We concluded that the overall trend of erosion(net erosion volume of 468×10~6m~3)occurred in the study area mainly because of the decreased sediment discharge following the closure of the Three Gorges Dam.However,other human activities were also impact factors of topographic change.Use of embankments and channel management reduced channel width,restricted river meandering,and exacerbated the erosion phenomenon.     

九江-瑞昌5.7级地震余震的S波分裂研究

利用在九江-瑞昌MS5.7地震震中附近架设的丁家山台(DJS)、狮子洞台(SZD)和武蛟台(WUJ)的地震波形资料,采用S波分裂系统分析方法,对余震进行了S波分裂分析。结果表明,震中距较小、台站附近断层分布复杂的丁家山台(DJS)的慢波时间延迟相对较大,快波偏振方向不太集中。台站附近断裂分布单一的武蛟台(WUJ)快波偏振优势方向与断裂走向角度相差约35°,与区域主压应力方向也不一致。台站附近无断层通过的狮子洞台(SZD)快波偏振优势方向接近区域主压应力方向。慢波时间延迟大小与震源深度没有明显的规律性关系。     

青海玛多MS7.4地震前b值时空变化特征

大量研究表明地震孕育过程中存在相对平静期,该阶段b值会相对下降,b值变化在地震活动性研究中起着十分重要的作用。2021年5月22日青海玛多发生MS7.4地震,为研究地震前b值时空变化特征,本文截取2009年至震前地震目录,将地震目录分为去除余震目录、完整地震目录,对比研究b值变化特征。研究发现,玛多MS7.4地震前1年b值开始低于均值且不断下降,至b值有上升趋势时地震发生,扩大到区域内其它5级以上地震,也符合此规律,地震发生后b值明显上升,短时间内又下降至较低位置,并一直处于较低位置直至下次地震发生;从b值空间扫描结果看,玛多MS7.4地震前,震中位于低b值区域,该位置为b值最低处;通过不同时间段的b值空间扫描结果,可发现玛多MS7.4地震发生前低b值区域向震中不断迁移,表明地震发生前震中附近应力不断集中;b值空间扫描时,完整地震目录掩盖了中强震震中区域低b值特性,去余震地震目录较好的凸显了中强震震中区域低b值特性。     

Geomorphological site classification for the Fujian province

Geomorphological classification of the Fujian province was done based on remote-sensing imaging, digital elevation maps, and slope gradient data acquired by ArcGIS 9.2. The engineering geological units in the Fujian province were divided into five types by the geomorphologic shape and genesis. The relationship among geomorphological type, engineering geological unit, and site category was determined using engineering geological data and site category data. Then, after making a preliminary site classification adjusted by drill hole data, the site was classified into four types: I₀, I₁, II, and III according to site classification standards of equivalent shear-wave velocity and overburden thickness. The results showed that the site categories in the Fujian province mainly consist of type II, which accounts for 85.26 % of the land area. The percentage of I₀ was the smallest, which accounts for only 2.44 % of the total area.     

The spatial distribution of archaeal lipids in a mesoscale subtropical watershed,Southeast China

Archaea play an important role in global carbon and nitrogen cycles. Archaeal lipids, such as isoprenoid glycerol diakyl glycerol tetraethers (iGDGTs), are important biomarkers tracing change in archaeal community structure and biogeochemical processes in the natural environments. In this research, the spatial distributions of archaeal lipids in the surface sediments of the Jiulong River (JR) and the Jiulong River estuary (JRE) were examined. GDGT-0 (containing zero cyclopentyl ring) and crenarchaeol were the most abundant iGDGTs in the JR and JRE. From the rivers to the estuary, the total iGDGTs, GDGT-0, crenarchaeol and archaeol concentrations showed significant spatial variation; in particular, GDGT-0 and archaeol in the river may be predominantly derived in situ from methanogens, whereas crenarchaeol in the estuary mainly derived in situ from Thaumarchaeota. We inferred that archaeal community was dominated by methanogens in the Jiulong River and by Thaumarchaeota in the Jiulong River estuary, which are consistent with change in archaeal community structure observed in other estuarine environments.     

研究“源兆”的若干问题及途径分析

从位场理论的观点讨论了场和源的概念,建议将“场兆”改称为构造前兆,将“源兆”称为震源前兆。文中还分析了震源体与各种前兆观测方法探测的深度,并根据地磁与重力观测方法不同的物理基础和地质基础,指出震磁效应对于研究震源前兆的特殊意义,文中还介绍了１９７６唐山地震观测到震源前兆的部分实际地磁资料。     

Effect of metal pollution on the water quality in Taihu Lake

Heavy metals Cu, Zn, Cr, and others were carried though Liangxi River and Xiaomei River from Wuxi City and Huzhou City into Taihu Lake. Pollution of heavy metals in the water and sediments and chemical forms of Cu, Ph, Zn, Cd, Hg, Cr in the surface sediments were analysed to predict the effect of the pollution on water quality in Taihu Lake.     

Oxygen isotope fractionation in zinc oxides and implications for zinc mineralization in the Sterling Hill deposit, USA

Oxygen isotope fractionation in the zinc oxides has been calculated by means of the modified increment method. The results suggest that zincite is slightly enriched in ¹⁸O relative to the franklinite of the spinel-type structure but considerably depleted in ¹⁸O relative to the franklinite of the inverse spinel-type structure. The zinc oxides are significantly depleted in ¹⁸O relative to water under hydrothermal and metamorphic conditions. The oxygen isotope analyses of mineral pairs including the zinc oxides and the common gangue minerals such as calcite and quartz can constitute a sensitive isotope geothermometer. Application of oxygen isotope geothermometry to natural assemblages is attempted for the calcite-zinc ore mineral pairs from the Sterling Hill deposit in USA. The results indicate that the temperature of the zinc mineralization may be in the range from 410° to 630 °C and thus lower than the metamorphic temperatures of granulite facies. A metamorphic fluid could have been involved in the formation of the zinc ore minerals. Franklinite would structurally be an inverse spinel in the infancy of its formation, and thus could have originally evolved from Zn^{2 +} substitution to Fe^{2 +} of magnetite at the high temperatures.