基于XSLT的图示表达规则的设计与实现

地理信息的符号化在ISL/dIS19117中称为地理信息的图示表达,包括表达目录、表达规范和表达服务3个主要部分。其中表达目录组织一系列的表达规则,用于测试地理要素的空间要素与地图显示环境．如显示时间、显示比例尺、地图显示的方向等,并调用表达服务。表达规范描述地图符号的图形参数,为表达服务提供参数属性值。表达服务提供符号生成操作,其函数参数值来源于表达规范。表达规范与表达目录相对独立,共同构成了表达信息。同一表达目录可以调用不同的表达规范,从而生成不同的地图。同样表达规范也可以被不同的表达目录调用。表达信息与地理要素独立,并分开存储在不同的地方。图示表达规则是根据制图知识,推理地理信息的几何与属性,并从图式规范中匹配出相应的地图符号。本文结合表达规则与可扩展样式单语言转换(XSLT．eXtensible Style Sheet Language Transformation)的特点,提出了基于XSLT的图示表达规则模型,采用XSLT描述表达规则,能便于表达规则的网络共享与实时交互。并以地理标记语言GML为对象．通过XSLT将GML转换为基于XML的自定义地图制图标记语言MapML,在此基础上,对MapML进行了符号化,生成SVG地图。实验表明通过XSLT能有效测试与分析地理数据的空间特性与专题属性,并顾及了地图显示比例尺。     

SAR影像多项式正射纠正方法与实验

提出了一种针对SAR影像的多项式正射纠正法———引入投影差改正的多项式纠正法,并对ERS 2、RADARSAT和机载SAR影像进行了实验。引起SAR影像变形的因素很多,其中多数变形可以通过多项式纠正方法得到改正;但是,因高差引起的变形很难通过一般的多项式纠正方法进行改正。在本文中,先根据斜距和侧视角改正高差引起的投影差,然后用一般多项式纠正的方法改正其他因素引起的变形;重采样时则恰好相反,先根据多项式参数求得未受高差影响的像点坐标,然后加上投影差,从而获得真实的像点坐标。与其他正射纠正的方法相比,本文的方法非常易于实现,而且能够达到相当高的精度。根据以上原理,设计了相应的软件,并对云南大理一幅Radarsat的山区影像进行了纠正实验,控制点精度为2 2个像素;而采用一般多项式,使用同样的控制点,对这幅影像进行纠正,只能达到44 4个像素。另外,使用ERS 2影像和机载SAR影像进行了相应试验,结果类似于Radarsat影像的纠正。因此,本文提出的方法是有效、可行的,能适应地形起伏较大地区的SAR影像的几何校正。     

Image relaxation matching based on feature points for DSM generation

In photogrammetry and remote sensing, image matching is a basic and crucial process for automatic DEM generation. In this paper we presented a image relaxation matching method based on feature points. This method can be considered as an extention of regular grid point based matching. It avoids the shortcome of grid point based matching. For example, with this method, we can avoid low or even no texture area where errors frequently appear in cross correlaton matching. In the mean while, it makes full use of some mature techniques such as probability relaxation, image pyramid and the like which have already been successfully used in grid point matching process. Application of the technique to DEM generaton in different regions proved that it is more reasonable and reliable.     

青藏高原及周边现今构造变形的运动学

青藏高原现今构造变形的定量化研究是理解其动力过程的基础 ,近年来高速发展的GPS(全球定位系统 )技术为测量大尺度现今构造变形提供了最有效的手段。我们利用青藏高原及周边的5 5 3个GPS观测数据给出了其现今构造变形的速度场 ,表明印度和欧亚板块之间的相对运动主要被青藏高原周边的地壳缩短和内部的走滑剪切所调整吸收。其中 ,喜马拉雅山系吸收了青藏高原总缩短量的 4 4%～ 5 3% ,北部的阿尔金山、祁连山和柴达木盆地吸收了 1 5 %～ 1 7% ,高原内部吸收了 32 %～4 1 %。青藏高原的“向东挤出”实际上是地壳物质的向东流动而不是刚性地块的挤出。这一地壳物质流动带在高原西部以地表张性正断层和共轭剪切走滑断层为特征 ,到高原中东部转换为巨型的弧形走滑断裂带 ,再到高原东北缘转换为地壳缩短和绕东喜马拉雅构造结的顺时针旋转。青藏高原的大尺度现今构造变形以连续变形为特     

考虑各向异性的层土-盾构隧道地震反应数值模拟

在层状各向异性土体-盾构隧道地震反应分析中,引入了横观各向同性弹塑性模型理论,建立了适合于横观各向同性介质的双渐近-多向透射边界条件。针对地铁区间盾构隧道抗震设计的特点,基于横观各向同性弹塑性模型,研制了考虑层状土体各向异性和施工开挖效应,适合于盾构隧道动力计算的各向异性弹塑性动力有限元程序。在程序中对于不同的材料采用了不同的本构关系和不同的单元形式,并采用了关联流动法则和多种屈服准则,可同时进行各向异性土体与地下结构的二维平面应力、平面应变和轴对称问题的静力和动力数值分析。最后利用所研制的程序进行了上海地铁二号线石门一路站附近区间隧道在不同超越概率地震动输入下的隧道反应计算。结果表明,在层状土体-地铁区间隧道的抗震分析中考虑土体各向异性的影响是必要的,所提出的计算模型是可行的。     

Time-domain identification of dynamic properties of layered soil by using extended Kalman filter and recorded seismic data

A novel time-domain identification technique is developed for the seismic response analysis of soil-structure interaction. A two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) model with eight lumped parameters is adopted to model the frequency-dependent behavior of soils. For layered soil, the equivalent eight parameters of the 2DOF model arc identified by the extended Kalman filter (EKF) method using recorded seismic data. The polynomial approximations for derivation of state estimators are applied in the EKF procedure. A realistic identification example is given for the layered-soil of a building site in Anchorage, Alaska in the United States. Results of the example demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of the proposed identification technique. The 2DOF soil model and the identification technique can be used for nonlinear response analysis of soil-structure interaction in the time-domain for layered of complex soil conditions. The identified parameters can be stored in a database for use in other similar soil conditions. If a universal database that covers information related to most soil conditions is developed in the future, engineers could conveniently perform time history analyses of soil-structural interaction.     

胶西北地区三维地质模型构建及意义

为服务于山东深部找矿,结合金矿成矿机理及预测评价,利用Creatar Xmodeling平台建立了胶西北地区三维地质模型,直观、清楚地反映出胶西北地区地层厚度及变化趋势,岩浆岩展布规模、深度及相互接触关系,从空间分布视角可以看出,金成矿与玲珑花岗岩、郭家岭花岗岩、伟德山花岗岩存在密切关联;全方位展示出断裂带之间的关系,...     

Variability and spectral variation of 3C 66A

3C 66A was monitored by the BATC (Beijing-Arizona-Taipei-Connecticut) telescope from 2005 to 2008, 1994 observations were obtained on 89 nights. Detailed research and analysis was performed on these observations in this paper. A long term burst occurred in the whole light curve. No intra-day variability was claimed in our campaign by intra-night light curve analysis. Time lag of shorter wavelenth preceding longer wavelength was shown by correlation analysis. The results showed that the optical spectral shape turned flatter when the source brightened, and the spectral variability indicator was bigger on shorter time-scale as determined by the color indices variation analysis.     

Multi-Wavelength Variability in PKS 2155-304

We study multi-wavelength variability in BL Lacertae object PKS 2155-304 in the frame of the time dependent one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model, where stochastic particle acceleration is taken into account. In this model, a homogeneously and isotropically spherical structure is assumed, the Fokker–Planck type equation which describes the evolution of the particles energy is numerically solved, and the synchrotron and self-Compton components from the spherical blob are calculated. Our results can reproduce observed spectra energy distribution (SED) and give definite predictions for the flux and spectral variability of PKS 2155-304. We find that particle injection rate, magnetic field and Doppler factor in the acceleration zone are important parameters for explaining its flaring behaviour.     

2020年12月一次北部湾海雾过程的生消特征分析

2020年12月26-28日,北部湾出现了持续性大雾,其中炮台角站连续35h出现大雾.利用北部湾沿岸海岛站、浮标站等观测资料和ERA5再分析资料,对此次典型海雾过程的生消特征进行分析.结果表明,此次海雾过程主要受人海高压后部偏东暖湿气流影响.海雾期间,北部湾上空有逆温层,大气层结稳定,湿层深厚且维持时间长,近地层有0～...