半球形沉积谷场地对入射平面Rayleigh波的三维散射解析解

把半球形沉积谷和周围半空间场地分别用具有不同弹性模量和不同半径的球坐标描述。利用Fourier-Bessel级数展开法,在频域内给出了半空间中半球形沉积谷场地在平面Rayleigh波入射下三维散射问题的解析解。利用这一解析解计算分析了入射波频率、场地软硬对场地内地表位移幅值的影响。     

近44年来我国西北地区干湿特征分析

利用我国西北地区1960—2003年131个测站降水和小型蒸发皿蒸发量资料, 综合考虑降水和蒸发这两个水分平衡最关键的分量构造了降水蒸发均一化干湿指数, 进而研究了西北地区干湿的时空演变特征。结果表明:一致性异常是西北地区近44年干湿特征的最主要空间分布模态; 西北地区干湿异常特征主要分为西风带气候区型, 高原气候区型和季风气候区型; 整个西北地区及其西风带气候区、高原气候区年干湿特征呈较为显著的变湿趋势, 大约在20世纪70年代中期均发生了由干向湿的突变, 而季风气候区表现为变干趋势, 并且在90年代前期发生了由湿向干的突变; 整个西北地区及各分区近44年来主要以年代际周期振荡为主。     

MOPITT观测的CO分布规律及与瓦里关地面观测结果的比较

利用TERRA/MOPITT仪器测量的2000年3月—2004年5月的CO数据,分析了CO的时空分布特征及其变化趋势,并且与美国国家海洋大气管理局气候监测与诊断实验室(CMDL/NOAA)在瓦里关站的CO观测结果进行比较和验证。结果表明:CO的高值区在北半球主要位于东亚、西欧和北美,而在南半球主要位于非洲中西部和南美洲的赤道地区;CO的分布随季节变化显著,春季北半球的CO浓度最高,而秋季南半球的CO浓度偏高;东亚的CO高值区主要是位于中国东部沿海地区和日本列岛一带。对于北京和瓦里关CO的趋势分析明表:这两个地区的CO浓度在这4年内都是呈上升趋势。结合CMDL的观测资料与卫星观测结果进行比较和检验发现,瓦里关站卫星观测结果和CMDL的结果在时间序列的变化趋势一致,卫星柱总量的观测数据和CMDL数据的相关性非常好。     

雷达定量测量降水在佛子岭流域径流模拟中的应用

以位于合肥雷达西南100 km的佛子岭闭合流域 (1813 km2) 及该流域的6个子流域为研究区域, 用地面雨量计和雷达-雨量计联合校准两种方法进行流域面雨量计算, 将两种方法计算的面雨量分别作为TOPMODEL (TOPography based hydrological MODEL) 降水-径流模型的输入, 对模型输出结果进行比较。个例分析表明:雷达-雨量计联合测量降水的精度是否高于单独用地面雨量计计算的精度, 在一定程度上取决于用于校准的地面雨量计数目和代表性; 即使雨量计计算的整个流域面雨量与雷达-雨量计联合校准后的结果接近, 对应子流域面雨量的结果仍然会存在差别; 不同方法计算的某一子流域面雨量的差别越大, 则TOPMODEL水文模型输出的该子流域径流深的差别也越大。     

Dynamical effects of environmental vertical wind shear on tropical cyclone motion, structure, and intensity

Summary A series of numerical experiments on an f plane are conducted using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model, version 3 (MM5) to investigate how environmental vertical wind shear affects the motion, structure, and intensity of a tropical cyclone. The results show that a tropical cyclone has a motion component perpendicular to the vertical shear vector, first to the right of the shear and then to the left. An initially axisymmetric, upright tropical cyclone vortex develops a downshear tilt and wavenumber-one asymmetry when embedded in environmental vertical wind shear. In both small-moderate shears, a storm weakens slightly compared to that in a quiescent environment. The circulation centers between 300 hPa and the surface varies from 20 km to over 80 km. The secondary circulation becomes quite asymmetric about the surface cyclone center. As a result, convection on the upshear-right quadrant diminishes, limiting the upward heat transport in the eyewall and thus lowering the warm core and leading to a weakening of the storm. In strong vertical shear (above 12 m s⁻¹), the vertical tilt exceeds 160 km in 48 h of simulation and the secondary circulation on the upshear side is completely destroyed with low-level outflow. The axisymmetric component of eyewall convection weakens remarkably and becomes much less penetrative. As a result, the warm core becomes weak and appears at lower levels and the storm weakens rapidly accordingly. This up-down weakening mechanism discussed in this study is different from those previously discussed. It emphasizes the penetrative role of eyewall convection in transporting heat from the ocean to the mid-upper troposphere, maintaining the warm core structure of the tropical cyclone. The vertical shear is found negative to eyewall penetrative convection.     

锰三角地区电解锰压滤渣高温可控脱硫生产活性微粉项目经济效益与社会效益分析

电解锰压滤渣是工业生产金属锰过程中采用湿法酸浸电解工艺产生的一种工业废渣。这种传统的废渣处理处置方式,极易造成严重的环境污染和地质灾害的发生。本次研究将电解锰压滤渣通过焙烧生产活性微粉、产生的脱硫烟气制硫酸,是一种能有效解决电解锰压滤渣处理处置和综合利用的方法。本文对"锰三角"地区拟建20万吨电解锰压滤渣焙烧生产活性微粉、脱硫烟气制硫酸生产示范线项目,进行了区域市场调研,对项目的经济效益与社会效益进行分析。该项目年均可实现销售收入4162.7万元,为当地循环经济和锰产业可持续发展探索了一条新的出路。     

中国萤石产业资源现状及发展建议

萤石是中国重要的战略性矿产资源。本文通过分析萤石资源现状、供需格局、产业发展以及近年来萤石行业发展面临的新形势和特点,为保障中国萤石产业可持续发展提出加大勘查投入、提高资源保障程度、合理有效开发、促进产业升级等建议。     

A search for high-velocity gas in massive star formation regions

From the IRAS-PSC, 97 sources with steep FIR spectrum and another 8 were chosen for a search for high-velocity gas. Observations of the CO (J =1−0) line were made with the 13.3-m telescope at the Qinghai Station. The results show that 102 sources are associated with molecular gas. 9 of the sources have reference position problem and 21 have multiple spectrum. Of the remaining 72, 29 contain high-velocity gas, and of these 18 are new molecular outflow candidates. Their properties are discussed briefly in connection with massive young stellar objects.     

Hypoglossum fujianensis sp. nov. (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) from Fujian Coast, China

Hypoglossum fujianensis sp. nov. is an epiphytic alga in the intertidal zone. Plants are light red, 0.9–2 cm high. Margin of branches gives rise to uniseriate hair-like rhizoids, formed outward from the fusion of the second-and third-order cells. Blades are single layered (except the midrib) and uncorticated. Tetrasporangial sori are formed on the middle part of blades. The globular tetrasporangia are developed from lateral pericentral cells. Project 39391800 supported by the NSFC.