基于GPS反射信号的岸基海冰探测的研究

本文论述了全球导航卫星系统反射信号测量（GNSS-R）在海冰介电常数和海冰密集程度方面的潜在的研究价值,对欧洲空间局在格林兰岛迪斯科海岸采集的海冰数据进行分析,处理了两种反射信号的幅度的量化关系,同时跟踪多颗GNSS卫星并且保证了数据处理时间的连续性和有效性。根据双极化反射信号的幅度极化比和模拟海冰表面复介电常数得出结论, 幅度极化比和海冰表面的介电常数变化有联系。     

State of the art and practice of pavement anti-icing and de-icing techniques

Pavement snow and icing are worldwide problems, but effective countermeasures are just beginning to be developed in China. The two most common snow and ice removal methods are mechanical clearance and chemical melting, and the advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed here, including environmental and structural damage caused by corrosive snow melting agents. New developments in chemical melting agents and mechanical equipment are discussed, and an overview of alternative thermal melting systems is presented, including the use of geothermy and non-geothermal heating systems utilizing solar energy, electricity, conductive pavement materials, and infrared/microwave applications. Strategic recommendations are made for continued enhancement of public safety in snow and ice conditions.     

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘大宁—吉县地区山西组页岩岩相与沉积相特征

以鄂尔多斯盆地东缘大宁—吉县地区二叠系山西组为研究对象,综合应用岩心、薄片及测井资料,开展山32亚段岩相类型、岩相组合和沉积相研究,研究结果表明:山32亚段包括粉砂质泥岩/页岩相、纹层状层理含粉砂泥岩/页岩相、透镜状层理粉砂质泥岩/页岩相、钙质页岩相、煤层、碳质页岩相、黑色页岩相、波状层理泥质粉砂岩相、交错层理中—细砂...     

探测大气温湿廓线的35通道微波辐射计设计原理与特点

总结了自主研制的MWP967KV型地基35通道微波辐射计系统设计原理和主要特点。系统将K、V双频段宽带天线及接收机、宽带调谐本振、温湿压计以及电源模块紧凑集成为一台整机设备。对各传感器的测量输出实时进行一体化综合处理,采用BP神经网络实时反演大气温度、湿度廓线和汽、水总量。廓线的垂直覆盖范围为地表至顶空10km,共划分为58层。辐射计样机于2012年秋冬季节在北京地区开展了为期2个月的观测试验,利用这段时期内的69个探空资料样本对辐射计2个层次的实时观测输出都进行了对比检验,计算了水汽、氧气通道亮温和反演所得大气温湿廓线的平均偏差、均方差以及相关性。结果表明该系统能够满足实时气象监测的需求,达到国际先进水平。     

山东省高速公路工程地质信息管理系统的设计与实现

随着高速公路的快速发展,大规模的公路建设积累了大量的公路工程地质资料,为有效利用这些资料,需进行工程地质信息管理系统的建设。系统建设以山东省高速公路为研究对象,分析了工程地质资料数据特点,基于ArcGIS Engine为开发平台,采用VB.net语言,结合数据库技术,实现了工程地质信息的空间与属性查询管理、钻孔柱状图和剖面图的自动生成、土石方量的计算、地基承载力的确定和电子沙盘虚拟观测等功能,为工程地质资料管理和拟建公路设计提供综合性服务。     

自组织数据地图在大辽河河口水质分析中的应用

自组织数据地图(SOM,Self-organizing Map)具有强大的数据压缩和提炼功能,应用它可以对水质监测数据进行处理,找到水质分析的新方法。本文以大辽河河口水质监测数据为例,应用MATLAB中SOM工具箱,采用批处理SOM算法,利用MATLAB语言编写出水质分析程序。该程序通过SOM的训练对数据特征进行分析和显示,并进一步分析SOM训练结果,将监测数据分成4类,最后实现数据跟踪及新的监测数据的自动归类。该方法可以将水质监测数据的特征可视化,便于直观、深入地分析水质状况,为识别水质特征、跟踪水质变化和应对措施提供决策支持。     

一种基于相对梯度法的海水温度分层模型

提出了一种以海表面温度为输入参数的海水温度分层模型。以2005—2012年的Argo气候态数据集与Argo浮标数据为基础,采用相对梯度法对海水温度垂向结构进行了分层,并据此获取了各层拟合方程所需的参数,包括:混合层深度、混合层梯度、温跃层上界深度、温跃层下界深度、深层大洋起始深度以及方程拟合系数。本文通过世界大洋数据库09版的CTD、XBT实测剖面数据对模型进行了检验。检验结果表明,该模型可以有效地对海水温度结构进行模拟,特别是400m以上的中上层大洋。模拟结果的总体均方根差(RMSE)为0.778℃,而在水深400m以上的中上层区域误差为0.494℃。     

Tests of new in-situ seabed acoustic measurement system in Qingdao

A new in-situ seabed acoustic measurement system is developed for direct in-situ measurement of sediment geoacoustic properties （compressional wave velocity and attenuation）. The new in-situ system consists of two parts： the deck control unit and the underwater measurement unit. The underwater measurement unit emits sonic waves that propagate through the seafloor sediment, receives the returning signals, and transmits them to the deck control unit for waveform display and analysis. The entire operation is controlled and monitored in real time by the deck control unit on the research vessel and can provide recording of full waveforms to determine the sound velocity and attenuation. This paper outlines the design of the system, the measurement process, and demonstrates its application in tests carded out on seabed sediment off the Qingdao coast, China. The test results show that the system performed well and rapidly provided accurate in-situ acoustic velocity and attenuation estimates of the seafloor sediment.     

Modeling of spatial distributions of farmland density and its temporal change using geographically weighted regression model

This study used spatial autoregression（SAR） model and geographically weighted regression（GWR） model to model the spatial patterns of farmland density and its temporal change in Gucheng County,Hubei Province,China in 1999 and 2009,and discussed the difference between global and local spatial autocorrelations in terms of spatial heterogeneity and non-stationarity. Results showed that strong spatial positive correlations existed in the spatial distributions of farmland density,its temporal change and the driving factors,and the coefficients of spatial autocorrelations decreased as the spatial lag distance increased. SAR models revealed the global spatial relations between dependent and independent variables,while the GWR model showed the spatially varying fitting degree and local weighting coefficients of driving factors and farmland indices（i.e.,farmland density and temporal change）. The GWR model has smooth process when constructing the farmland spatial model. The coefficients of GWR model can show the accurate influence degrees of different driving factors on the farmland at different geographical locations. The performance indices of GWR model showed that GWR model produced more accurate simulation results than other models at different times,and the improvement precision of GWR model was obvious. The global and local farmland models used in this study showed different characteristics in the spatial distributions of farmland indices at different scales,which may provide the theoretical basis for farmland protection from the influence of different driving factors.     

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