中国北方森林群落现代花粉与植被和气候的关系

53 pollen traps and surface samples were collected in order to detect the characteristics of pollen assemblages and their relationships with vegetation and climate in 16 forest communities located in 10 mountains in northern China. The results show that 72% of the pollen taxa (80 taxa) are the same between the traps and the surface samples. The dominant taxa in the plant communities are consistent with the main pollen taxa in the pollen assemblages at the same sites. In Pinus plant communities, both Pinus pollen influx and concentration are higher, indicating the high pollen productivity and good pollen preservation ability of Pinus. In Picea and Abies plant communities, Picea and Abies have lower pollen influxes but higher concentrations, suggesting their low pollen productivities but better pollen preservation abilities. In Betula and Quercus plant communities, Betula and Quercus have higher pollen influxes but lower concentrations, revealing their high pollen productivities but poor pollen preservation abilities. The study of relationships between pollen and vegetation with discriminant analysis shows that pollen assemblages from both trap and surface samples can reflect the characteristics of different communities and distinguish different ecological areas, but surface samples can reflect the dominant components of communities much better than the traps. The study on correlations between pollen assemblages and climate with DCCA reveals that significant correlations exist between pollen assemblages and mean temperature of the coldest month (r = 0.84 for trap samples, r = 0.72 for surface samples), and then annual mean precipitation (r = 0.73 for trap samples, r = 0.71 for surface samples).     

广东信宜东坑金矿地质特征及成因浅探

东坑金矿地处云开加里东隆起带的东翼，吴川－四会大断裂的西侧，矿床赋存于震旦系云开群中亚群（Ｚｙｎｂ）地层的中下部厚约８０ｍ的绿片岩带中。共圈出４个主矿体，其中最大矿体长１１００ｍ，平均厚度２．０ｍ，平均品位５．５８×１０－６。矿石由石英细脉组成，矿床受区域脆－韧性剪切带控制，矿液来源于银岩花岗岩体的演化分异和对围岩的萃取。矿床形成温度为２６７～３０７℃，属岩浆热液交代－充填型中温热液矿床。     

Ｌ波段高空气象探测系统应用技术分析

针对当前气象信息业务人员紧张,保障人员工作任务繁重的现状,研发了基于SqlServer数据库的气象信息监控报警平台。本文介绍了该系统的设计思路、框架结构及数据流程,并探讨了实现过程中一些关键问题的解决方案。     

大陆碰撞造山带的两类橄榄岩——以柴北缘超高压变质带为例

论述了大陆俯冲碰撞带中地幔橄榄岩的基本特征和成岩类型,并重点讨论柴北缘超高压变质带中不同性质的橄榄岩及其成因。根据岩石学特征,我们确定柴北缘超高压带中发育有两种类型的橄榄岩:(1)石榴橄榄岩,岩石类型包括石榴二辉橄榄岩、石榴方辉橄榄岩、纯橄岩和石榴辉石岩,是大陆型俯冲带的标志性岩石。金刚石包裹体、石榴石和橄榄石的出溶结构、温压计算等均反映其来源深度大于200km。地球化学特征表明该橄榄岩的原岩是岛弧环境下高镁岩浆在地幔环境下堆晶的产物。(2)大洋蛇绿岩型地幔橄榄岩,与变质的堆晶杂岩(包括石榴辉石岩、蓝晶石榴辉岩)和具有大洋玄武岩特征的榴辉岩构成典型的蛇绿岩剖面,代表大洋岩石圈残片。这两类橄榄岩的确定对了解柴北缘超高压变质带的性质和构造演化过程有重要意义。     

山东东营凹陷古近系碎屑岩储层特征及控制因素

通过对大量储层物性数据的分析和整理,结合薄片观察和扫描电镜分析结果,研究了不同构造背景、不同沉积类型及不同埋深的储层物性特征及其控制因素。东营凹陷近系碎屑岩储层类型多样,大多形成在冲积扇-河流、扇三角洲、近岸水下扇、深水浊积扇、三角洲前缘滑塌浊积扇以及滨浅湖滩坝等多种沉积环境中。碎屑岩储层类型主要包括砾岩、含砾砂岩、中粗砂岩、细砂岩及粉砂岩。其中中砂岩和细砂岩是最好的储层。但是不同地区、不同类型储层物性存在较大的差异。物性最好的储层为河道、（扇）三角洲前缘水下分流河道及河口坝砂体。在相同深度条件下,中央隆起带的物性最好,北部和南部次之。另外,本区随埋藏深度增加,碎屑岩储层物性逐渐变差（剔除次生孔隙的影响）。根据碎屑岩储层物性差异性分析和储层成岩演化研究结果,其储层物性主要受压实作用、碳酸盐溶蚀与胶结作用及沉积条件四大因素控制,其中压实作用、溶蚀作用及胶结作用是主要控制因素,而沉积条件对物性的影响主要表现在控制原生孔隙的发育程度,并进一步控制溶蚀、胶结等成岩作用。     

华北板块北缘中段含铁变质岩系的时代和构造环境初探

内蒙北部苏尼特右旗以北二道井、哈拉干和红格尔地区的含铁变质岩系中变质基性火山岩Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ全岩等时线年龄为１５１１±７６Ｍａ，这表明该岩系属中元古代而不是以往推测的早古生代，等时线的εＮｄ（ｔ）值为＋６．３±１．７，属亏损型地幔源区岩相学分析表明它形成于规模不大，具中等水深和较弱水动力条件的较封闭海域。据上述特征推测，华北板块北缘中曾存在中元古代初动型火山陆缘。     

孔隙流体压力与流体排驱的关系

本文讨论了在压实作用下孔隙流体压力的形成以及与流体排驱的关系，指出异常孔隙流体压力是因岩石渗透率变化引起毛细管力增加而产生的，且二者之间在流体压力孕育过程中一直维持一个动态平衡状态。对于连续沉积的盆地，只有当异常孔隙流体压力增加到超过岩石的抗剪强度时，因岩石发生剪切破裂导致毛细管力降低，流体才被排出；对于强烈构造变动的盆地，因地层大量剥蚀引起负荷压力降低，其降低幅度达到或超过岩石的抗张强度时，岩石     

闽西南永定大坪辉长岩脉的年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义

南岭地区湘南-赣南-粤北-闽西南近东西向的岩浆岩活动带在年龄、成因、动力学背景等方面一直存有争议.以福建西南部永定地区的大坪辉长岩脉为研究对象,在详细的野外工作及镜下岩相学观察的基础上,对其开展了斜锆石U-Pb同位素定年、全岩主微量元素含量以及Sr-Nd同位素比值的测试工作.获得同位素年龄为184.0±6.5 Ma,表...     

甘肃北山—河西走廊—祁连山区域地下水循环模式

山区地下水流动受到区域气候条件、地形地貌、地质构造等因素共同控制,限于资料有限,其流动模式与控制机理尚不清晰.特别是地处甘肃北山的高放废物地质处置库预选区、河西走廊以及祁连山北麓区域地下水的流动模式,直接决定了处置库在万年时间尺度上的安全性.基于区域遥感构造解译、地质构造演化分析、地球物理勘探以及水文地质钻探,获取了典...     

Ruthenium-ion-catalyzed oxidation of asphaltenes and oil-source correlation of heavy oils from the Lunnan and Tahe oilfields in the Tarim Basin, NW China

The identification of marine source rocks in the Tarim Basin is debated vigorously. The intention of this paper is to investigate the asphahenes in heavy oils from the Lunnan and Tabe oilfields and Well TD2 with ruthenium-ions-catalyzed oxidation technique (RICO), in order to explore its role in oil-oil and oil-source correlations, The RICO products included n-alkanoic acids, α,ω-di-n-alkanoic acids, branched alkanoic acids, tricyclic terpanoic acids, hopanoic acids, gammacerane carboxylic acid , regular sterane carboxylic acids and 4-methylsterane carboxylic acids. The n-alkyl chains and biomarkers bounded on the asphaltenes were of unsusceptibility to biodegradation. The distribution and absolute concentrations of n-alkanoic acids in the RICO products of heavy oils from the Lunnan and Tabe oilfields are different from those of Well TD2. The biomarkers bounded on the asphahenes, especially steranes, have a distribution trend similar to that of the counterparts in saturates. The sterane carboxylic acids and 4-methylsterane carboxylic acids in the RICO products of heavy oils from the Lunnan and Tahe oilfields, dominated by C30 sterane and C31 4-methylsterane carboxylic acids, respectively, are significantly different from those of the heavy oils of Well TD2, whose dominating sterane and 4-methylsterane carboxylic acids are C28 sterane and C29 4-methylsterane acids, respectively. The RICO products of the asphaltenes further indicate that the Middle-Upper Ordovician may be the main source rocks for heavy oils from the Lunnan and Tabe oilfields.