素填土的自然固结特征、固结机理及其利用

工程实例的试验成果表明：素填土在自然状态下将产生固结,但这种固结除了受自身重力作用外,还受到雨水下渗、阳光照晒和风力风干等因素的影响,且上部主要受雨水下渗、阳光照晒和风力风干的影响,下部则主要受自身重力的作用。因此素填土的这种固结不是单纯的自重固结,我们称之为自然固结。试验结果还表明：经过一定时间后,在雨水下渗和阳光照晒和风力风干的作用下,上部一定深度内的素填土固结度较好,且形成“硬壳层”,填筑时间四年的素填土在6m深度内,其力学性能相当或接近于夯击能为2160kN·m的夯填土,因此可以作为对沉降敏感性要求不高的轻型低型建筑物和道路、小荷载的持力层,这既可节省工程造价,且也是安全的。     

造山后脉岩组合与内生成矿作用

造山带大规模花岗质岩浆活动之后往往有一期区域性脉岩产出,被称为岩基后岩墙群。这类脉岩具有近同时形成、宽成分谱系和小体积的特点。根据太行山、燕山、东昆仑山、天山等造山带的观察,这类脉岩可以划分成煌斑岩质、玄武质、闪长质(安山质)、花岗闪长质(英安质)和花岗质(流纹质)等5组。前人大多偏重于研究其中基性部分,因而常常将其与大陆裂解相关基性岩墙群混为一谈。岩石地球化学分析表明,虽然同组脉岩不同样品之间可能存在演化关系,不同脉岩组之间很难相互演化。结合近年来有关岩浆过程速率的研究成果,推测这些脉岩是原生或近原生岩浆固结的产物。这意味着区域地温曲线在不同深度同时穿过所有相应原岩的固相线。基于岩浆起源热体制和区域岩石圈岩石学结构分析,笔者曾经指出,这样的岩浆产生条件要求造山带岩石圈拆沉作用。因此,这类岩墙群的形成是区域构造应力场由挤压向伸展转换阶段的产物,可以用来标定造山过程的结束,因而称其为造山后脉岩组合。进一步对比分析表明,这类脉岩组合分布非常普遍,是地球上业已发现的三类区域性岩墙群之一。尽管如此,基于热传递速率的分析,造山后脉岩组合的形成还应当伴随大规模流体活动。由于深部流体中成矿元素的浓度强烈依赖于压力,新的岩石成因模型意味着造山后脉岩组合与成矿作用相伴生。野外检验表明,可以基于露头观察识别成矿流体的通道和成矿元素大规模堆积的场所。因此,造山后脉岩组合不仅可以用来标定区域造山过程结束的时间,也是区域找矿预测的有效标志。     

Sodium-rich volcanic rocks and their relationships with iron deposits in the Aqishan-Yamansu belt of Eastern Tianshan,NW China

The volcanic rocks hosting the iron deposits in the Aqishan–Yamansu metallogenic belt are sodium-rich.The geochronology,petrography,and geochemistry of minerals and sodium-rich rocks as well as the relationship between these rocks and the iron deposits are studied.Geochemically,the ore-hosting volcanic rocks are sodiumrich(the averages of Na2O and Na2O/K2O are 4.31 wt.%and 8.56,respectively)and belong to the calc-alkaline series.They are enriched in LREEs and LILEs(Ba,U,K,and Sr),but depleted in HFSEs(Nb,Ta,and Ti).SHRIMP zircon U–Pb dating of the crystal tuff in the Aqishan Formation and the dacite in the Tugutu Bulak Formation yields ages of 337.5
2.3 Ma(n?15,MSWD?0.85)and 313.0
3.3 Ma(n?13,MSWD?0.74),respectively,indicating that the sodium-rich volcanic rocks formed from the early–late Carboniferous.Electron microprobe data from plagioclases demonstrate that albites and/or oligoclases were formed in the basic–intermediate–acid volcanic rocks.Two stages of albitization are identified,and the latter is likely attributed to the dissolution of iron in the Aqishan–Yamansu belt.The sodium-rich volcanic rocks probably formed by the interaction between volcanic lava and seawater after volcanoes erupted on the seafloor;meanwhile,the albites formed by element substitution in a low-metamorphic environment.The spatiotemporal coupling relationship between sodium-rich volcanic rocks and iron deposits in the Aqishan–Yamansu belt is favorable.Iron dissolved from the dark minerals of basic–intermediate volcanic rocks through sodium metasomatism is one of the material sources for the iron deposits.     

对扬子克拉通西缘四川康定—冕宁变质基底的新认识——来自Nd同位素的证据

通过对四川冕宁沙坝及康定－泸定地区的斜长角闪岩－TTG片麻岩的系统Sm-Nd同位素的测定，在该区首次获得706Ma的Sm-Nd等时线年龄。据此等时线年龄及其他样品的Nd亏损地幔模式年龄证明长期以来这套被当作太古宙－古元古代的变质岩是新元古代大陆裂解与其后紧接着的地幔柱引起的热变质作用的产物。与已有数据相结合，初步认为扬子克拉通目前所出露的基底没有统一演化历史，对扬子克拉通的基底有待更深入的研究。     

Relationship between the equilibrium morphology of river islands and flow-sediment dynamics based on the theory of minimum energy dissipation

River islands are vital geomorphic units in alluvial rivers, and the variation of their morphology and position plays a significant role in regulating flow-sediment transport and channel stability. Based on the theories of minimum energy dissipation theory of fluid movement and river morphodynamics, this study uses the river islands in anabranching channels to analyze the relationship between the shape coefficient of river island and the flow-sediment dynamics under stable equilibrium conditions...     

Suspended sediment load in the turbidity maximum zone at the Yangtze River Estuary:The trends and causes简

Based on the analysis of suspended sediment elements at estuaries, influence of human activities and estuarine regulation projects on the turbidity maximum zone was studied according to the measurement data between 1959 and 2011. It was found that human activi- ties had little effect on the seaward water while the sharp decrease of sediment volume and concentration in runoff led to the sharp decrease of turbidity maximum zone in the estuary. The concentration at outside sea and Hangzhou Bay did not change, and that along the Subei coast also decreased a little, which had no influence on the turbidity maximum zone. Com- pared with the concentration between 1959 and 1999, the peak of concentration moved up- stream in the estuary, and the concentration in 2000-2009 decreased by about 24.73% with a narrower variation range along the river to the sea. The suspended sediment concentration in North Passage was low in upstream and downstream because of the decrease of seaward sediment and coarsening of bed material, while it was relatively high in the middle due to the influence of sediment cross the north jetty.     

太行山构造岩浆带K－Ar法同位素年龄分析

摘要：５００余个同位素测年数据的统计特征表明,目前所取得的Ｋ－Ａｒ法同位素年龄的统计峰值不能直接用来表示地质体的形成年龄,而是记录了区域造山抬升剥蚀的历史。利用不同地质样品的冷却年龄峰值,可以定性地估算区域隆升速率和隆升高度。在这个前提下,太行山构造岩浆带在中生代时期的抬升速率为０．４２１～０．２５３ｍｍ／ａ,隆升高度为８７９９～５２８８ｍ。     

遥感信息中地震灾情危险等级在线应急评定方法研究

利用GIS技术对地震危险等级进行评定时,由于其地形控制点选取合理性较差,导致其所采集遥感图像清晰度较低,地震等级评定不够精准。针对此问题提出一种新的地震灾情遥感信息危险等级在线应急评定方法。利用图像几何校正法,对遥感图像进行分幅裁剪,基于裁剪结果选取地面控制点,提取有价值遥感数据信息,建立遥感解译评估指标。将推导出的综合震灾指数引入到指标中,将各个评价单元的信息进行等级排序和划分,完成地震灾情遥感信息危险等级在线应急评定。仿真实验中,对所提方法和GIS地震危险等级评定方法进行有效性对比测试。实验结果表明,地震灾情遥感信息危险等级在线应急评定方法提升了灾情地形控制点选取的合理性,使获取的遥感图像更清晰,灾情等级评定结果更精准。     

Isolating spatiotemporally local mixed Rossby-gravity waves using multi-dimensional ensemble empirical mode decomposition

Climate Dynamics - Tropical waves have relatively large amplitudes in and near convective systems, attenuating as they propagate away from the area where they are generated due to the dissipative...     

环境行为学视角下城市滨水空间活力协调度研究

基于环境行为学相互渗透理论和环境心理学人-环境一致性理论,本研究以珠江前航道为例,从活力营造视角构建"人群-环境"活力互动模型,运用多源数据,使用熵权法、全局莫兰指数、局部莫兰指数等计量方法对滨水空间的活力协调度进行定量研究,并对滨水空间人群活力的时空特征、环境活力的空间格局及活力协调度空间格局进行总结,探讨滨水空间的...