Vulnerability of population and transportation infrastructure at the east bank of Delaware Bay due to coastal flooding in sea-level rise conditions

Catastrophic flooding associated with sea-level rise and change of hurricane patterns has put the northeastern coastal regions of the United States at a greater risk. In this paper, we predict coastal flooding at the east bank of Delaware Bay and analyze the resulting impact on residents and transportation infrastructure. The three-dimensional coastal ocean model FVCOM coupled with a two-dimensional shallow water model is used to simulate hydrodynamic flooding from coastal ocean water with fine-resolution meshes, and a topography-based hydrologic method is applied to estimate inland flooding due to precipitation. The entire flooded areas with a range of storm intensity (i.e., no storm, 10-, and 50-year storm) and sea-level rise (i.e., current, 10-, and 50-year sea level) are thus determined. The populations in the study region in 10 and 50 years are predicted using an economic-demographic model. With the aid of ArcGIS, detailed analysis of affected population and transportation systems including highway networks, railroads, and bridges is presented for all of the flood scenarios. It is concluded that sea-level rise will lead to a substantial increase in vulnerability of residents and transportation infrastructure to storm floods, and such a flood tends to affect more population in Cape May County but more transportation facilities in Cumberland County, New Jersey.     

阿尔泰超高温变泥质麻粒岩的锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

最近我们通过岩相学观察和矿物温压计算,首次确定了在阿勒泰喀拉苏附近存在超高温变泥质麻粒岩,其矿物组合为石榴石+斜方辉石+夕线石+堇青石+尖晶石+黑云母+斜长石+石英等。斜方辉石成分具有高铝特点,其Al₂O₃含量高于8.0%,指示了其峰期变质作用达到了超高温(>900℃)的条件。P-T计算结果显示其峰期变质条件为:P=~8.0kb, T=~960℃。初步P-T估算结果表明了一个峰期后近等压冷却的逆时针P-T轨迹。我们对其中锆石进行了LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测定,年龄结果主要分布于260~280Ma之间,具有峰值年龄271±5Ma,个别年龄为380~390Ma,继承锆石主要分布于450~500Ma之间。该年龄结果表明阿尔泰超高温变质事件发生于二叠纪,在时间上与二叠纪塔里木地幔柱活动的时间(~275Ma)高度一致,且也和该区广泛的二叠纪(260~280Ma) 后造山或非造山的基性岩和花岗岩侵入是同时的。因此,阿尔泰二叠纪超高温变泥质麻粒岩的形成,可能与由二叠纪塔里木地幔柱活动引起的岩浆底侵和下地壳伸展加热密切相关,这也与该超高温变泥质麻粒岩的逆时针P-T轨迹所反映的构造背景一致。     

化学与稳定同位素指纹示踪原油类污染:以广东南海两次小型溢油事件为例

化学和稳定同位素指纹是目前国际上用于示踪石油类污染来源及其环境命运的有效技术。通过气相色谱-质谱(GC—MS)分析可疑重油与被污染水体及植物表面污染物的饱和烃和芳烃分布以及生物标志化合物姥姣烷、植烷、“不可分辨的混合物”(UCM)等化学指纹特征,对比可疑重油与被污染水体表面漂浮重油的沥青质同位素组成,追踪了发生在广东省南海市的两次小型重油泄漏事件。结果揭示,2002年10月16日晚发生的污染事件源于某饲料公司锅炉房的重油泄漏;而2002年10月25日的泄漏事故则是某加油站重油渗漏所致。     

开敞水域中航槽流场的数值模拟

建立了一个模拟开敞水域中航槽流场的平面二维数学模型.利用该模型计算得到的流速分布与袁美琦、李安中等人试验值相吻合,并计算了相当于天然情况下(各种水深、挖深比及航槽与水流的不同交角)的流场,得到了各种航槽与水流交角、不同挖深比的航槽流速折减系数变化规律图,及各种航槽与水流交角、不同挖深比的航槽中流向与航槽轴线交角的变化规律图,为开敞水域中航槽选线设计提供了依据.     

Carbon emission mitigation through regulatory policies and operations adaptation in supply chains: theoretic developments and extensions

Along with carbon emission regulations launched by governments and consumers’ rising concerns about climate changes and global carbon footprint, interests of academia and industry have risen in carbon-efficient supply chain management. This research focuses on some product supply chain to make a literature review-based investigation on proposing a theoretical framework. We also solve potential research issues of how diverse carbon emission regulations can work on supply chain performance as well as emission; in what way we can find coordination mechanisms and optimal policies for supply chain operations to abate emission and enhance system profitability within different scenarios; and also to evaluate the effect on emission reduction for each emission regulation aforementioned through comparing their associated supply chain performances and system emission. Both practitioners in industry and academia might find this study useful, as it generates concepts with a formal framework of potential and values theoretical issues in the emerging field of carbon-efficient supply chain management which combines carbon emission regulations with mature operation management to enrich the theory of supply chain management. This study is perhaps to be valuable and constructive both for operational decisions in firms and for the enactment as well as implementation of emission-reduction regulations. This study should activate further potential researches.     

柳林泉岩溶地下水污染与治理措施

柳林泉是吕梁地区最大的岩溶泉，属山西省重点保护泉之一，也是吕梁地区离柳煤电能源区和离石市、中阳县、柳林县三个县市城市生活的主要水源。从上世纪九十年代开始在不断的变化，许多有害元素的检出率从无到有逐渐增加，随着水量减少和环境的变化，水质将进一步恶化。针对柳林泉的污染状况提出治理措施，并能引起有关部门的重视。     

东准噶尔库布苏南岩体中闪长质包体特征及地质意义

新疆东准噶尔卡拉麦里地区库布苏南晚古生代后碰撞准铝质过铝质花岗闪长岩体中广泛发育大量的暗色微粒闪长质包体.岩石学、矿物学、主量元素和微量元素地球化学研究表明,包体在地球化学特征上表现为与寄主花岗岩既相互联系又受其制约.库布苏南花岗闪长岩体具有低锶初始比值I(Sr)和正εNd(t)值,表明花岗岩的来源有地幔物质参与,而大量发育的暗色微粒闪长质包体是壳幔岩浆混合作用最直接的证据,微粒包体是基性源岩部分熔融作用形成的残余体.与准噶尔碱性花岗岩一样,载荷包体的准铝质过铝质花岗岩是晚古生代后碰撞阶段构造岩浆活动的岩石类型之一,其形成和演化标志了准噶尔地区后碰撞幔源岩浆底侵作用导致大陆地壳垂向生长的过程.