希夏邦马峰地区岗布锂辉石伟晶岩的发现及其指示意义

近年来,喜马拉雅稀有金属成矿的研究与找矿工作不断取得突破,使得喜马拉雅地区成为我国重要的稀有金属成矿带。本文报道了希夏邦马峰地区新发现的锂辉石伟晶岩,发现地位于吉隆岩体东北侧的岗布地区,与吉隆扎龙沟隔山相望。这是在吉隆岩体附近首次发现锂辉石伟晶岩露头,是继琼嘉岗（普士拉）锂辉石伟晶岩、嘎波锂辉石伟晶岩、热曲锂辉石伟晶岩和库曲锂辉石伟晶岩之后,又一锂成矿发现点。结合已有研究显示吉隆扎龙沟地区具有极高的岩浆分异演化程度,表明吉隆岩体北侧具有很好的稀有金属成矿前景。该成矿伟晶岩产出于海拔5300m的变质地层（黑云母片岩和符山石矽卡岩）之中,根据野外产状可以将其分为两类,一类为强变形锂辉石伟晶岩,其发生明显糜棱岩化作用,呈透镜体形式产出;另一类为弱变形锂辉石伟晶岩,其规模相对较大,变形较弱,但其走向也受区域构造控制。结合地层的变质变形特征,我们认为此处为藏南拆离系的发育位置。成矿伟晶岩下部海拔5200m处出露绿柱石伟晶岩以及切层电气石花岗伟晶岩,5100m处出露电气石白云母花岗岩。通过对电气石白云母花岗岩和两类锂辉石伟晶岩及切层电气石花岗伟晶岩进行独居石和铌铁矿族矿物定年分析,显示电气石白云母花岗岩和锂辉石伟晶岩的形成时代均为25Ma,而切层电气石花岗伟晶岩的形成时代为17.5Ma。岗布锂辉石伟晶岩中铌铁矿族矿物的Mn^#[Mn/（Mn+Fe）]值明显高于切层电气石花岗伟晶岩中的铌铁矿族矿物,同时也高于喜马拉雅带内其他已知伟晶岩的铌铁矿族矿物,反映其岩浆相对富氟的特征。时间上,岗布锂辉石伟晶岩与琼嘉岗（普士拉）和库曲锂辉石伟晶岩基本一致,表明喜马拉雅带内～25Ma是重要的锂成矿期,与藏南拆离系的活动密切相关。空间上,岗布锂辉石伟晶岩的剖面特征与琼嘉岗（普士拉）锂辉石伟晶岩和嘎波锂辉石伟晶岩等类似,均表现为下部为电气石白云母淡色花岗岩,之上为绿柱石伟晶岩,再向上则为锂辉石伟晶岩,成矿伟晶岩的产出明显受藏南拆离系的控制,反映了喜马拉雅带的锂成矿作用具有较好的空间一致性,这对于理解喜马拉雅稀有金属成矿作用与找矿具有重要意义。     

8—氨基喹啉—5—偶氮—对苯甲酸的合成及应用—光度法测定痕量金

报道了新试剂8-氨基喹啉-5-偶氮-对苯甲酸(AQBA)的合成及分析应用。在阳离子表面活性剂CTMAB存在下,Au(Ⅲ)与AQBA在碱性介质中反应形成蓝绿色配合物,其最大吸收波长在608nm处,表观摩尔吸光系数为9.11×10~4L·mol~(-1)·cm(-1),Au量在0～1.8μg/ml范围内遵守比尔定律。所建立的新分析方法已应用于测定矿石及阳极泥中的痕量Au,结果满意。     

二连盆地马尼特坳陷ZK001钻孔孢粉组合及其地质时代与气候变化

通过对二连盆地马尼特坳陷ZK001钻孔（地理坐标为44°48'44″N,114°44'44″E;深度260.00 m）44个孢粉土样分析,自下而上划分为4个孢粉组合带：深度260.00~235.21 m为Pinuspollenites-Cicatricosisporites-Lycopodiaceae-Pilosisporites-Triletes,深度235.21~176.00 m为Pinuspollenites-Piceaepollenites-Chenopodipollis-Artemisiaepollenites-Cicatricosisporites-Triletes,深度176.00~84.56 m为Pinuspollenites-Chenopodipollis-Artemisiaepollenites-Triletes-Lycopodiaceae,深度84.56~15.60 m为Pinuspollenites-Chenopodipollis-Artemisiaepollenites-Triletes。依据孢粉分析结果并结合沉积环境,将研究区植被演替和古气候演化划分为两个阶段：深度260.00~84.56 m孢粉组合特征代表了针阔叶混交林-草原植被类型,反映了气候由温热湿润—温暖湿润—温暖干燥的变化趋势;深度84.56~15.60 m孢粉组合特征代表了疏林草原植被类型,反映温凉干旱气候。对比分析区域孢粉组合及地层岩性,探讨了研究区地层时代。研究结果表明：深度260.00~84.56 m地层为早白垩世大磨拐河组（K₁d）,深度84.56~15.60 m地层为古近纪伊尔丁曼哈组（Ey）。此次研究对马尼特坳陷古近纪与白垩纪界限划分具有重要意义,为古气候环境变化提供新的论证。

     

地质雷达快速检测运营公路隧道隐患

为了评价运行多年隧道的衬砌质量,查找隐患,开展了拱顶的地质雷达无损快速检测。在雷达波形剖面图上分析空洞、不密实异常,推断出大量隐患。物探成果经过开凿验证,证明其隐患定位成功率在85％以上。地质雷达快速检测方法为隧道病害治理提供了可靠的基础资料。     

东帕米尔变质核杂岩构造的厘定

卡拉库鲁木变质核杂岩是慕土塔格岩体的南缘部分,由长城系片麻岩以及燕山期花岗岩组成,其中长城系片麻岩为一套低角闪岩相的变质侵入岩,主要岩性为（石榴石）黑云二长片麻岩、（石榴石）黑云斜长片麻岩;根据变形程度,将其划分为内带、中带及外带,其中在内带见有燕山期花岗岩。剥离断层沿变质核杂岩边缘呈向南凸出的弧形展布。剥离断层上盘滑脱体由长城系赛图拉岩群高绿片岩－低角闪岩相的变质岩系构成。变质核杂岩构造的形成时代为早－中侏罗世。     

Radiative forcing over China due to albedo change caused by land cover change during 1990–2010

Land cover change affects surface radiation budget and energy balance by chang- ing surface albedo and further impacts the regional and global climate. In this article, high spatial and temporal resolution satellite products were used to analyze the driving mechanism for surface albedo change caused by land cover change during 1990-2010. In addition, the annual-scale radiative forcing caused by surface albedo changes in China＇s 50 ecological regions were calculated to reveal the biophysical mechanisms of land cover change affecting climate change at regional scale. Our results showed that the national land cover changes were mainly caused by land reclamation, grassland desertification and urbanization in past 20 years, which were almost induced by anthropogenic activities. Grassland and forest area decreased by 0.60% and 0.11%, respectively. The area of urban and farmland increased by 0.60% and 0.19%, respectively. The mean radiative forcing caused by land cover changes during 1990-2010 was 0.062 W/m2 in China, indicating a warming climate effect. However, spatial heterogeneity of radiative forcing was huge among different ecological regions. Farmland conversing to urban construction land, the main type of land cover change for the urban and suburban agricultural ecological region in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region, caused an albedo reduction by 0.00456 and a maximum positive radiative forcing of 0.863 WIm2, which was presented as warming climate effects. Grassland and forest conversing to farmland, the main type of land cover change for the temperate humid agricultural and wetland ecological region in Sanjiang Plain, caused an albedo increase by 0.00152 and a maximum negative radiative forcing of 0.184 W/m2, implying cooling climate effects.     

爆管法在北美地区的应用现状

随着市政部门不断寻求节约成本的创新技术来解决地下基础设施问题,非开挖管线更换技术诸如爆管法成为可行的选择。爆管法是一种用相等或更大口径的新管更换现有地下供水给水、污水排水和燃气输送管线的施工方法。它是唯一一种完全沿旧管线线路铺设的施工方法。这使得安装新管线施工时无须征求额外通行权。爆管法兴起于20纪80年代,现在已遍布北美地区。本文通过对来自2007—2010年加拿大和美国的886个项目的调查问卷结果的总结,讨论了目前非开挖更管技术的趋势,分析了爆管法施工中的因素：包括设备的使用、采购与支付的形式、管线扩径的限制和施工的风险。     

电子签章技术在办公自动化系统中的应用

电子签章技术是应用十分广泛的一种信息安全技术,其用来保证信息在传输过程中的真实性、完整性以及不可否认性。本文分析了办公自动化系统中存在的安全问题,在此基础上阐述了电子签章的概念、分类、实现原理以及其在办公自动化系统中应用的可行性和原则,并对系统的总体框架和功能进行了详细描述。     

一种用于海底类型聚类的新方法

By using sonar imaging, this paper presents a new algorithm for the clustering of seabed types based on the self-organizing feature maps （SOFM） neural network. The theory as well as data processing is studied in detail. Some valuable conclusions and suggestions are given