数字测绘技术在城镇地籍测量中的应用

通过实例简述了数字化测绘技术在城镇地籍测量中作业流程、实施过程与地籍管理信息系统的建立过程。说明用该技术作业效率与成果精度比较高。     

地图制图专家知识对地理信息符号化过程的控制

针对纸质地图数字化得到地理信息(空间数据)的过程中存在地图信息损失的问题,阐述了产生这种损失的原因。数字化后得到的地理信息是各种GIS应用系统的重要数据源,在GIS应用中需要把这些地理信息重新再现成地图。为了得到较好的地图显示效果,有必要将数字化后损失的地图信息在从地理数据到地图符号化的过程中进行补偿。论述了在符号化过程中如何充分利用地图制图专家的多年知识和经验,将用自然语言表达的不确定性的专家知识形式化,以此来控制整个符号化的过程,达到改善地图显示效果的目的。     

River centerline extraction using the multiple direction integration algorithm for mixed and pure water pixels

The river centerline is a basic hydrological characteristic. Most prior studies have used remote sensing data to extract the river centerline from the open water region in a pure water pixel region. Extracting this type of river is relatively easy. However, extracting the centerline of a micro-river, which is mainly composed of mixed water pixels, is challenging. This paper presents a novel method, called the Multiple Direction Integration Algorithm (MDIA), to extract the river centerline using an image-enhancing method combined with river morphology. MDIA can be applied to regions mainly composed of pure water pixels, as well as to regions consisting of mixed water pixels in the index image. The method first calculates the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and enhances the river linear structure using a Hessian matrix. Second, a small window is constructed as a circular structural element. In the window region, the local threshold is automatically obtained using water-oriented clustering segmentation and prior river knowledge to judge the pixel type. After completing the river centerline extraction in the current window, the next detecting window is generated to continue judgment. The structural element automatically executes river centerline judgment until the entire river centerline is extracted. The Landsat 8 images of six regions with different geomorphologies were chosen to analyze the method’s performance. The test sites include high mountain region, low mountain region, plains region with farmland and a residential region. The experimental results show that the optimal threshold of the processing results ranged from 0.2 to 0.3. In this range, the user’s accuracy is 0.813 to 0.997, and the producer’s accuracy is 0.981 to 1. The MDIA effectively and correctly extracts the river network in mixed-pixel regions. The presented method provides an effective algorithm for river centerline extraction that can be used to expand and update river datasets and provide reliable river centerline data for relevant hydrology studies.     

南京长江三桥钢索塔拼装测量控制网的建立

南京长江三桥是我国首座主塔采用钢结构形式的特大型斜拉桥。根据钢索塔拼装测量的精度要求,介绍了该桥首级控制网的概况,对钢索塔架设专用控制网的网形选择、方案设计、观测方法和数据处理进行了探讨。实践证明,所采取的专用控制网布设方法和测量方案是合理的,对今后类似工程具有借鉴意义。     

基于图像匹配的机载遥感影像质量自动检查方法研究

航空遥感平台和技术的发展,促进了航空遥感影像在基础地理信息获取、国土监测、环境监测、应急救灾等各个领域中的应用。同时,航空遥感系统对飞行环境、气候气象反应较为灵敏,遥感影像质量的检查十分重要。本文系统地阐述了航空遥感影像质量中旋转角、航向重叠率、旁向重叠率、航带生成等参数的计算理论与方法,该方法是适应数字遥感影像的现状上提出的,并且通过自行开发的系统对算法的可行性和有效性进行验证。本文利用2009年6月机载遥感系统拍摄的1400多张影像进行实验。实验结果表明技术方法、软件系统都较为有效,达到机载遥感影像质量自动检查要求。     

GPS中CCD技术的原理与应用

码／载波相位扩散技术可使单频ＧＰＳ接收机的测程从２０ｋｍ急剧扩大到４００ｋｍ。本文叙述其简单原理与实际应用。     

一种新的二进制地图矢量文件格式设计

比较了二制文件与文本文件的优点,以线状数据为例设计了便于文档序列化,易于面向对象ＧＩＳ进行了的二进矢量地图文件格式。     

顶面倾斜电视塔架柱基础的放样、检测及成果统计分析

本文结合具体工程,叙述了用精密水准控制顶面倾科的巨型电视塔架柱基础顶面,以及用高精度控制点控制塔架柱基础顶面中心位置的测设方案,进行了检测成果的统计分析,从而保证了测设精度的成功作法。     

A new method for GLONASS inter-frequency bias estimation based on long baselines

GPS Solutions - Frequency division multiplexing of GLONASS signals causes inter-frequency bias (IFB) in receiving equipment. IFB significantly increases the difficulties of fixing GLONASS...     

Improving BDS integer ambiguity resolution using satellite-induced code bias correction for precise orbit determination

GPS Solutions - Successful resolution of integer ambiguity over long baselines is a key to improve the accuracy of precise orbit determination for global navigation satellite system satellites. The...